Certificate CH05/0682____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Banja Luka, Vidovdanska 43, telephone: +387 51 218 318, fax: +387 51 218 322

e-mail: ekoinstitut@inecco.net; www.institutzei.net

S T U D Y

On Baseline Conditions

- Environmental Air Quality Testing -

AT THE LOCATION FOR

CONSTRUCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURAL

FACILITIES IN BRCKO PORT AND CONNECTIONS

WITH BRCKO NOVO RAILWAY STATION AND

LABOR AND INDUSTRY ZONE

BANJA LUKA, August 2012

РЕПУБЛИКА СРПСКА

НАУЧНА УСТАНОВА

ИНСТИТУТ ЗАШТИТЕ, ЕКОЛОГИЈЕ

И ИНФОРМАТИКЕ

научноистраживачки институт

БАЊА ЛУКА

REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION

INSTITUTE OF PROTECTION, ECOLOGY

AND INFORMATICS

scientific-research institute

BANJA LUKA

БАЊА ЛУКА

1976

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GENERAL DATA:

SUBJECT

Baseline Conditions Study – Environmental Air Quality testing

– in the location for the construction of infrastructural facilities

in Brcko Port and connections with Brcko Novo railway station

and the labor and industry zone

COMMISSIONING

INSTITUTION

DEPARTMENT FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT,

SPORTS AND CULTURE OF THE BRCKO DISTRICT

GOVERNMENT, BRCKO DISTRICT OF BiH

DRAFTING

INSTITUTION

INSTITUTE FOR PROTECTION, ECOLOGY AND

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Vidovdanska 43, Banja Luka

NUMBER OF

WORK ORDER

629/12

NUMBER OF

APPLICATION

385/12

PARTICIPANTS IN

DRAFTING

Predrag Ilić, Ph.D, Assistant Professor, B.Sc. in Environment

Protection

Vesna Mitrić, B.Sc. in Technological Engineering

Svetlana Ilić, B.Sc. in Agricultural Engineering

Miroslav Račić, B.Sc. in Civil Engineering

ACTING GENERAL MANAGER

Predrag Ilić, Ph.D, Assistant Professor

3

Pursuant to the Request of the Department for Economic Development, Sports and Culture of

Brcko District Government, Brcko District of BiH, air quality testing has been performed (testing of 1-

hour samples of air concerning the presence of concentrated sulfur-dioxide, nitrogen-oxide, TSP, carbon-

monoxide and ozone) in the location for the construction of infrastructural facilities in the Port of Brcko

and connections with the railway station in Brcko Novo and the labor and industry zone.

THEORETICAL SECTION

SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION IN URBAN AREAS

Sources of air pollution for the most part represent a result of human activities and may be classified in

three groups:

1. Stationary sources

Sources of pollution in rural areas related to agricultural activities, mining and stone

quarries.

Sources of pollution related to industries and industrial areas, chemical industry,

production of non-metal substances, metal industry, electricity generation,

Sources of pollution in communities, such as heating, waste incineration, solid waste

disposal sites, individual furnaces, open grills for food preparation, washrooms, chemical

cleaning services etc.

Figure 1. Stationary sources of polluted air

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2. Mobile sources

Include any form of vehicle with an internal combustion engine, for example, light

vehicles using petrol, light and heavy vehicles using diesel fuel, motorcycles, airplanes.

Figure 2. Mobile sources of air pollution

3. Sources of pollution from closed spaces

Include cigarette smoking, biological pollution (pollen, dust mites, mould, yeast, insects,

microorganisms, and allergens originating from domestic animals), combustion and

heating discharges, discharges originating from various materials or matters, such as

evaporable organic compounds, led, radon, asbestos, and various synthetic chemicals etc.

for the last ten years of so, closed spaces pollution has represented a serious problem to

which special attention is being paid.

Figure 3. Organic pollutants

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CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS

Polluting substances are, in general, classified as gasses, vapors, solid particles, and most recently

the smells are being given a mention, too. Suspended particles are further classified in regards to the size

of the particle: dust, smoke, evaporations and mist (aerosol).

Gaseous polluting substances: Gaseous polluting substances include sulfur compounds (sulfur-

dioxide-SO2 and sulfur trioxide-SO3), carbon monoxide – SO, carbon-dioxide SO2, nitrogen compounds

(nitrogen monoxide–NO, nitrogen-dioxide-NO2, ammonia–NH3), organic compounds (hydrocarbons,

evaporable organic compounds, poly-cyclical aromatic hydrocarbons, halogen derivatives etc), halogen

compounds HF and HCl and substances with specific smells.

Secondary polluting substances appear under the influence of a thermal, chemical or photo-

chemical reaction.

Suspended particles: Particles suspended in air include total suspended particles (TSP), SP10 (SP

with median aero-dynamic diameter below 10 μm), SP2.5 (SP with median aero-dynamic diameter below

2,5 μm), fine and ultra-fine participles originating from diesel motors, airborne ashes originating from

coal, mineral dust (coal, asbestos, silicate and cement based), metal dust and evaporations (for example,

zinc, copper, iron, and led), acid mists (aerosol) – for example, sulfur acid, fluoride particles, color

pigments, pesticide mists, carbon, oil smoke etc.

HEALTH RELATED EFFECTS

Harmful effects of polluting substances present in environment resources, and in this case the

topic of discussion is air, result in changes of air quality and, in that manner, to an increase in potentially

adverse effects on health, in a number of ways:

Intensive exposure to toxic substances may cause acute health effects,

Exposure to lower concentrations (below levels allowed) of harmful substances throughout a

longer period of time may result in chronic illnesses,

Exposure to individual harmful substances may cause genetic changes,

Reduction in the immune capacity of the organism,

Initiating sub-clinical irritations and unpleasant feelings, and

An effect on aggravating an existing disease.

The air, as the most significant natural source of life, should be protected at all times from all the

types of pollutants, because in that manner one is protecting the human organism from the entry of

substances that have a harmful effect on human health. The entire population is exposed to polluted air,

and sensitive groups (children, elderly, and risky categories of patients with chronic illnesses) are the

most threatened.

Polluting substances present in the air in the external environment do not harm all the tissues to

the same degree. The respiratory tract is the most sensitive to effects of sulfur dioxides, nitrogen oxides

and ozone (irritants).

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Figure 4. Harmful effect of polluting substances in air on human health

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS APPLIED

Law on Environment Protection (Official Gazette of Brčko District of BiH, issues No. 24/04,

1/05, 19/07, and 9/09),

Law on Air Protection (Official Gazette of Brčko District of BiH, issues No. 25/04, 1/05, 19/07,

and 9/09),

Rulebook on Air Quality Monitoring (Official Gazette of Brčko District of BiH, issue No. 30/06),

Rulebook on limiting values for air has not been adopted for the territory of Brcko District, and in

its absence we are using the Rulebook on Air Quality Limits (Official Gazette of RS, issue No.

39/05).

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METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS

GASMET DX4030 portable gas analyzer for environment and work spaces with a Fourier

Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, produced by GASMET – Finland, was used in the course of air

quality measurement. The aforementioned device may measure up to 50 gas components at the same

time, and it also possesses the Gasmet referential library with 250 components.

The device is designed for the measurement of low concentrations of various components

(organic and non-organic) in air, and it is connected to a laptop by standard software, in order to expand

analysis options.

Figure 5. Device for air quality testing

Concentration of total airborne dust was examined with a MICRODUST 880 IS Aerosol

Monitoring System device.

Figure 6. MICRODUST 880 IS device

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MEASUREMENT LOCATION

Air quality measurement was performed on the warehousing plateau in the location in which the

construction of infrastructural facilities in the Port of Brcko, and the connection with the railway station

in Brcko Novo and the labor and industry zone had been envisaged.

Air quality measurement was performed on July 26, 2012.

Figure 7. Location of environment air quality measurement

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RESULTS OF MEASUREMENTS OF EXTERNAL CONDITIONS

DATE OF MEASUREMENT: July 26, 2012, between 12:51 and 13:51 EXTERNAL CONDITIONS:

- Air temperature.........................................32.2 0

C

- Relative air humidity ...............................49.7 %

- Wind speed ...............................................0.35 m/s

- Luminance ...............................................>20000 Lx

RESULTS OF AIR QUALITY MEASUREMENTS

Table 1. Results of air quality testing

POLLUTANTS MEASURED

DATE OF SAMPLING

PERIOD OF AIR SAMPLING

26.07.2012.

SO2 µg/m3 9

1 h

NO2 µg/m3 8 1 h

CO µg/m3 65 1 h

O3 µg/m3 52 1 h

TSP µg/m3 12 1 h

TSP-total airborne / suspended particles

The results were compared with limit values for air (LVA) for the purposes of protecting human

health and with target values for air (TVA) pursuant to the Rulebook on Air Quality Limits (Official

Gazette of the Republic of Srpska, issue No. 39/05).

Pursuant to the Rulebook on Air Quality Limits (Official Gazette of RS, issue No. 39/05), the

limit values for air – LVA, for the purposes of human health protection, and the target values for air –

TVA, are shown in Tables 2 and 3:

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Table 2. Limit values for air – LVA, for the purpose of human health protection

Polluting substance

expressed in

µg/m3

LIMIT VALUES FOR AIR - LVA

Sampling period

Average annual

value (µg/m3)

Peak value

(µg/m3)

SO2 1 hour 90 500 (note 1)

NO2 1 hour 60 300 (note 3)

TSP 24 hours 150 350 (note 2)

SO 8 hours 10,000

O3 8 hours 150 (note 4)

Note 1: should not be exceeded more than 24 times within a calendar year

Note 2: should not be exceeded more than 7 times within a calendar year

(98th

percentile).

Note 3: should not be exceeded more than 18 times within a calendar year

Note 4: should not be exceeded more than 21 times within a calendar year

(98th

percentile).

Table 3. Target values for air – TVA

Polluting substance

expressed in

µg/m3

TARGET VALUES FOR AIR - TVA

Sampling period

Average annual

value (µg/m3)

Peak value

(µg/m3)

SO2 1 hour 60 350 (note 1)

NO2 1 hour 40 200 (note 3)

TSP 24 hours 75 120 (note 2)

O3 8 hours - 120 (note 3)

Note 1: should not be exceeded more than 24 times within a calendar year

Note 2: should not be exceeded more than 7 times within a calendar year

(98th

percentile).

Note 3: should not be exceeded more than 25 days in the course of a year, in average based on three

years.

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COMMENT

On the basis of the comparison of the average one hour based value of emission concentrations

(table 1) with limit values referred to in the Rulebook on Air Quality Limits (Official Gazette of the

RS, issue No. 39/05), one may say the following:

Average one-hour-based emission concentrations of sulfur-dioxide are below the average annual

value of the Limit Value for Air for the purpose of protection of human health, below the

average annual value of the Target Value for Air, below the peak value of the Limit Value for

Air for the purpose of protection of human health, and below the peak value of the Target

Value for Air, in the location measured, for the sampling period of 1 hour.

Average one-hour-based emission concentrations of nitrogen-dioxide are below the average

annual value of the Limit Value for Air for the purpose of protection of human health, below

the average annual value of the Target Value for Air, below the peak value of the Limit Value

for Air for the purpose of protection of human health, and below the peak value of the Target

Value for Air, in the location measured, for the sampling period of 1 hour.

Average one-hour-based emission concentrations of total suspended particles are below the

average annual value of the Limit Value for Air for the purpose of protection of human health,

below the average annual value of the Target Value for Air, below the peak value of the Limit

Value for Air for the purpose of protection of human health, and below the peak value of the

Target Value for Air, in the location measured, for the sampling period of 1 hour.

Speaking of the polluting substances of carbon-monoxide and ozone, the measurements have

shown that the peak values of the Limit Values for Air for the purpose of protection of human

health for the aforementioned pollutants had not been exceeded (sampling period of 8 hours) in

the measured location. The target values for air for the polluting substance of ozone had not been

exceeded (sampling period of 8 hours).

Note: Pursuant to the Rulebook on Air Quality Limits, in order to assess the value of air

quality in an area which is compared with limit values for air, i.e. target values for air, it is

necessary to monitor the period between January 1 and December 31 of the current year.

Comprehensive air quality assessment necessitates the minimum monitoring period of five years

(Article 7 of the Rulebook on Air Quality Limits, Official Gazette of the RS, issue No. 39/05).

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CONCLUSION

On the basis of the tabular presentation of data pursuant to the Rulebook on Air Quality

Limits (Official Gazette of the RS, issue No. 39/05), and on the basis of the comment on the result,

one may conclude the following:

The average one-hour-based values of emission concentrations of sulfur-dioxide, nitrogen-

dioxide and total suspended particles in the measurement location show that air quality pollution

had not occurred, however an assessment of air quality value would necessitate 1-hour or 24-

hour sampling period, specifically for the period of one year, as is stipulated in the Rulebook

on Air Quality Limits (Official Gazette of the RS, issue No. 39/05). The minimum period of

monitoring necessary for air quality assessment amounts to five years.

Speaking of the polluting substances of carbon-monoxide and ozone, the measurements have

shown that the peak values of the Limit Value for Air for the purpose of protection of human

health for the aforementioned pollutants had not been exceeded (sampling period of 8 hours) in

the measurement location. The measurements have also shown that the peak value of the Target

Values for Air for the polluting substance of ozone had not been exceeded (sampling period of 8

hours).

ACTING GENERAL MANAGER

Predrag Ilić, PhD, Assistant Professor

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MINUTES FROM THE FIELD

Project title:

Baseline conditions study – air quality testing

in the environment – on the location envisaged

for the construction of infrastructural facilities

in the Port of Brcko and connections with the

railway station in Brcko Novo and the labor

and industry zone

Date of field visit: July 26, 2012.

Date of return from the field: July 26, 2012.

.

Location: Brčko

Porject team members:

1. Svetlana Ilić, B.Sc. in Agricultural

Engineering

2. Ranko Veljko, B.Sc. in Civil

Engineering

Subject of the field visit: Air quality testing (testing of 1-hour based air samples in relation to

the presence of concentrations of sulfur-dioxide, nitrogen-dioxide, TSP, carbon-monoxide, and

ozone) in the location for the for the construction of infrastructural facilities in the Port of Brcko

and connections with the railway station in Brcko Novo and the labor and industry zone.