World Bank Document · management, agricultural marketing, water management, and participatory...

Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeaovina

E627

Bosnia and HerzegovinaSmall Scale Commercial

Agricultural Development ProjectEnvironmental Assessment

August 2002

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Sarajevo, August 2002.

Bosna-S Oil Services Co.

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General Information

Contract Information

Contract 5069 was signed on 20.07.2002 between the Federal government of Bosnia and

Herzegovina, through the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water Utility and Forestry (PIU

Forestry), on one side and Bosna-S Oil Services Company on the other.

Financing organization

The Environmental Assessment study is financed by The World Bank, Washington D.C., USA.

Consultant

Bosna-S Oil Services Company

Nova st. 26, 71000 Sarajevo

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Tel: +387 33 278 040

Fax: +387 33 200 074

Email: info a.bosna-s.ba

Web: www.bosna-s.ba

EA Team

Domagoj Baci6, B.Sc. Mech. Eng.

Esma Kreso, B.Sc. Env. Eng.

Savo Radovic, B. Sc. Civ. Eng.

Ivica Katalini6, B. Sc. Civ. Eng.

Semsudin Had2iefendic, B.Sc. Mech. Eng.

Fethi Silajdzic, B.Sc. Mech. Eng.

Sabina Hodzic, B.Sc. Mech. Eng.

Nino Hodzic, B.Sc. Computer Sc.


Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzegovina

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

EA Environmental AssessmentFBiH Federation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaRS Republika SrpskaBiH Bosnia and HerzegovinaSSCADP Small Scale Commercial Agricultural Development ProjectWUA Water User Associations

FWUA Federations of Water User AssociationsHa HectareHE Hydro Power PlantTMT river Tihaljina-Mlada-Trebizat RiverRH Republic of CroatiaNEAP BiH National Environmental Action Plan BiHSFRJ Socialistic Federal Republic YugoslaviaPIU Project Implementation UnitESC Environmental Steering CommitteeSR BiH Socialist Republic Bosnia and Herzegovina (within Ex-Yugoslavia)SFRJ Socialistic Federal Republic YugoslaviaHR Republic of Croatia



Executive Summary

The project objective is to develop private, market-integrated commercial agriculture in selected low-income, high-potential areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The project would (1) encourage fannersto adopt more profitable production systems and increase their surplus of more marketablecommodities, (2) assist them in marketing their produce through the formation of new-style

cooperatives and other marketing associations, (3) create a dynamic commercial agriculture bystrengthening the linkages among farmers and markets through the promotion of private sectorinvestment in agro-processing and trading, and (4) support measures and investments to strengthenthe physical and institutional infrastructure of rural communities. Through all these activities, theproject would create a more conducive business environment at farm, company, and municipallevels. The increased production and productivity resulting from the project would increase farmingand other rural incomes and reduce unemployment and poverty. The project would have four

components: (I) Market Integration, (II) Private Agri-Business Support, (III) Commercial FarmerSupport, and (IV) Project Management. Project components with potential for negativeenvironmental impacts are:

Component II Sub-component B - Enterprise CreditComponent III Sub-component A - Technology DevelopmentComponent III Sub-component B - Micro-CreditComponent III Sub-Component C - Irrigation Rehabilitation

With the exception of Component I11.C, the environmental impacts of the other sub-componentscannot be determined at this time as the activities which will be funded will only be identified during

project implementation by the financial intermediary (FI), making these category "Fl" sub-components. The Fl for Component II Sub-component B - Enterprise credit, will be a commercialbank. The Fl for Component III Sub-component B - Micro-credit will be an existing micro-creditorganization with experience with other similar World Bank financed projects. The Fl forComponent III Sub-component A - Technology Development, will be the State Competitive GrantsCommittee. It is not possible to review the environmental aspects of the sub-loans, credits and grantsat present. For the loans and credits, the project operations manual includes an appendix on"General Guidelines for Identification and Analysis of Environmental Impacts of Project LoanActivities" which includes the mechanisms and responsibilities for environmental screening andreview of proposals. For the grants, the guidelines related to environmental screening, review andmonitoring are provided in an apendix to the project operations manual, "Competitive GrantsProgram for Technology and Market Development." The FIs would be trained to evaluate loanapplications based on Bank's Environmental Guidelines for Financial Intermediary Loans.

Investments under Component III Sub-Component C - Irrigation Rehabilitation, have beenidentified, and are the subject of this environmental assessment. The project would finance therehabilitation of deteriorated irrigation and drainage systems in the project areas. No new structure ofsignificant size would be built under the project. There is also no new land acquisition and noresettlement of people because of the rehabilitation activities.

The direct environmental impact of the irrigation rehabilitation sub-component is expected to be

small to insignificant. The project would rehabilitate existing small irrigation facilities, which areunlikely to create adverse environmental impacts. No new structure of significant size would bebuilt under the project. There is also no new land acquisition and no resettlement of people becauseof the rehabilitation activities. There are no protected areas or natural or cultural sites within theproject area. However, negative impacts of the project could potentially come from: (a) increased

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agrochemical pollution and surface water contamination, resulting from increased use of pesticidesand fertilizers and increased circulation of irrigation water; (b) soil erosion associated with existingpractices of agricultural production due to increased production; (c) indiscriminate dumping ofexcavated sediment deposits and other materials from the canals, drains and structures duringconstruction and maintenance; and (d) environmental damage caused by contractors duringconstruction activities. Livestock are not seen as a potential environmental threats as they will beheld in small numbers and by widely distributed private farmers, mostly under loss housingconditions and their excrement will be collected for field fertilization. On the other hand, the projectis expected to have positive environmental effects through: (a) cleaning of main canals, drains andremoval of deposited debris and other unwanted materials; (b) repair and improvement of floodbanks, and canal and drainage channel banks; (c) promotion of improved land use practices andfarming methods; (d) modernizing and improvement of agricultural product processing; (e) removalof areas of stagnant and standing water through cleaning of drainage canals and drainage systems; (f)reduction of areas of potential erosion hazard around structures, diversion weirs, outfalls fromstructures (g) improvement of water management by providing better access to control structures andto gates, improvement of outlets to farms and the formation of water users groups and otherassistance in water management; and (h) strengthening local capacities in environmentallysustainable approaches to agricultural development through training and capacity building. Theproject would provide training programs in farm and business management, co-operativemanagement, agricultural marketing, water management, and participatory monitoring andevaluation.

Mitigation measures provided under the project to address potential negative environmental impactsinclude:

* Provision on a continuing basis of extension and advisory services, as well as specifictraining in fertilizers and pesticides as to proper application techniques, timing and handling ofresidues. This training in careful use of fertilizers and chemicals, and the continuing extension andadvisory services to disseminate best practice is expected to keep the negative impact of increasedinput use to a minimum.* Regular training and continuing advice in improved irrigation management practices wouldreduce soil erosion within irrigation schemes and consequently reduce the environmental impact ofsedimentation on rivers.* During project design and supervision, contractors would be required to prevent, minimize ormitigate environmental damage. Sediments and other debris would be displaced in an orderly mannerin approved paths or in landfill or dump sites, rather than dumped indiscriminately. Reuse ofexcavated materials would be specifically directed, where suitable, limiting the need for old and newquarries. Where possible, existing quarries would be used for required additional materials.Contractors would also have to restore landscape to quasi-original condition after completion ofrehabilitation works and after use of quarries. The details of environmental precautionary clauses forcontractor works would be included in the bidding documents for proposed rehabilitation andimprovement works. If these are implemented and enforced well, there should be no or minimalimpact on the environment.

Environmental management plans have been prepared which include mitigation measures forimpacts related to the construction and operation phases of the project. Environmental monitoringplans have been prepared which include:

* Pesticides, chemicals and fertilizer levels would be measured at selected and representativesites within the main irrigation systems. Measurements would take place three times per irrigationseason (March, May and September) by cantonal environment staff. They would also analyze the

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samples with portable field kits. International thresholds would be used that would signal need for

corrective actions. If the river water were above the allowable norm for longer periods, corrective

measures would have to be implemented. These would include increased training and extension

activities and possibly reductions in the use of inputs.* Soil erosion would be assessed by Cantonal environment inspectors, especially in identifiedproblem areas. Measurements would take place during both the irrigation and the rainy season. If the

level of soil erosion reaches levels where it would cause damage to river systems and downstream

irrigation systems, training efforts would be intensified.* Contractors' activities would be supervised by the local municipal or consulting engineers

and monitored by Cantonal environment inspectors. Any damage done by a contractor to the

environment would have to be rectified at their expense.

The EA concluded that the project would not have any impact on quantity or quality of water flow to

Croatia.

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Table of Contents Page No.

General Information ............... iiExecutive Summary .. iv1. Background. 11.1 Project Overview .2.2 Environmental Impacts .31.3 Need for the Project .31.4 Objectives of the Environmental Assessment .42. Small Scale Community Agricultural Development Project (SSCADP). 52.1 Description of Irrigation Component .52.2 Project Objective. 53. Project Area Description. 63.1 Map of BiH with a focus on the project area .123.1.1 BiH with position of project areas .. 123.1.2 South East Herzegovina with position of project areas . .123.1.3 Average precipitation .. 133.1.4 Average yearly. temperatures .. 133.1.5 Average temperatures in July .. 143.1.6 Details of project in Trebinje area .. 154. Review of National Policies and International Water-Sharing Agreementsl64.1 Introduction .164.2 Institutional framework .164.3 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina .164.4 Republika Srpska .174.5 Inter-entity bodies .174.6 Legal framework at the state level .184.7 Legal framework in Federation BiH .184.7.1 Legal framework at federal level .. 184.8 Legal framework at cantonal level .204.9 Legal framework in Republika Srpska .214.10 Intemational Water Sharing Agreements 235. Baseline Data on the Environment of the Project Area .246. Analysis of Alternatives .327. Environmental Management Plan .337.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) .348. Waste Management Strategy .459. World Bank Safeguards Analysis .4610. Environmental Monitoring Plan .4711. Institutional Arrangements .5511.1 Institutional and User Strengthening and Training .5512. Schedule .5713. Public Consultation .5714. Conclusion .57Appendices list .......... 59Literature .......... 45

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1. Background

1.1 Project Overview

The goal of the Bosnia Small-Scale Commercial Agriculture Development Project (SSCAD) is to

develop private, market-integrated commercial agriculture in selected low-income, high-potential

areas of Bosnia Herzegovina. The project would (1) encourage farmers to adopt more profitable

production systems and increase their surplus of more marketable commodities, (2) assist them in

marketing their produce through the formation of new-style cooperatives and other marketing

associations, (3) create a dynamic commercial agriculture by strengthening the linkages among

farmers and markets through the promotion of private sector investment in agro-processing and

trading, and (4) support measures and investments to strengthen the physical and institutional

infrastructure of rural communities. Through all these activities, the project would create a more

conducive business environment at farm, company, and municipal levels. The increased productionand productivity resulting from the project would increase farming and other rural incomes and

reduce unemployment and poverty. The project would has four components: (I) Market Integration,(II) Private Agri-Business Support, (III) Commercial Farmer Support, and (IV) Project Management,

as described below. Project sub-components and activities which could have environmental impactsare in italics and described in more detail later in this assessment.

(I) Market Integration Component (US$ 1.22 million)

This component would strengthen the linkages among farmers, private agri-business producers and

markets that are necessary for a dynamic commercial agriculture and promote the development of

local farmer, processor and trader associations and new-style cooperatives. The component's sub-

components are:

(a) Market development. The project would improve provision of market information to

all participants in the value chain. This would principally be achieved by assisting farmer

organizations, new-style cooperatives, processor and trader associations and government agencies in

developing market information services and in techniques for dissemination of this information.

Support would include training, workshops, publications, and technical assistance.

(b) Quality Improvement. The project would assist in the development of optimum

quality throughout the production and marketing chain, which would be consistent both with market

opportunities and legal requirements in EU and other international markets and with producer

resources. The project would finance technical assistance and training programs and the certification

costs for export products.

(c) Cooperative and Association Development. The project would strengthen farmer

associations and marketing cooperatives to enable small farmers to effectively participate in high-

quality agricultural markets. These organizations can schedule production, collect farmer output,

grade, pack and be conduits of market information, quality control, technology and credit. Periodic

short-term technical assistance and training would be also provided.

(II) Private Agri-Business Support Component (US$ 4.05 million)

This component would strengthen the roles of private agricultural business so they could provide

effective demand and add value to agriculture products. This component has three subcomponents as

follows:



(a) Development of Bankable Proposals. The project would facilitate access to bankcredit by commercial farmers, processors, packers, traders, cooperatives and private wholesalemarkets to finance profitable agricultural production, processing and marketing investments. Potentialagri-business project participants would be required to meet project eligibility criteria for inclusion inthe program and would develop proposals to be presented to commercial banks for appraisal. Theprocessors, packers and traders selected would have to have sustainable market prospects back-linkedto production capabilities in the project area. Guidelines for preparation and evaluation of theproposals would include environmental review of the proposals. The project would provide technicalassistance to farmers, agro-processors and traders in preparing business plans.

(b) Enterprise Credit. The project would provide funds to participating commercialbanks, which would onlend to agriculture enterprises in the project areas. Participating banks wouldbe selected from an approved short-list of commercial banks that have passed due diligence tests,meet project criteria, express willingness to lend to agriculture, have branches in the project areas andhave staff trained in appraising agriculture loans.

(c) Technical assistance would be provided to participating banks for developingfinancial packages suitable for agriculture and training staff in appraising agriculture project proposalsand agri-business management training.

(III) Commercial Farmer Development Component.(US$ 7.61 million)

The project would focus on improved technologies to support market-led producer diversification,specialization and intensification, facilitate access of commercial farmers to micro-credit and improvereliability of water supplies.

(a) Technology Development. Through a Competitive Grant Program, this sub-component would support individual producers, community groups and agricultural processors to testand develop technology appropriate to identified market opportunities. The Grant Program wouldbuild institutional capacity of public and private rural service providers to support farmers,agricultural processors and other rural entrepreneurs. The project would provide approximately 40applied research grants, of up to $20,000, for new varieties, higher yields, improved quality, reducedproduction costs, and value adding strategies for existing and new products and markets. It would alsosupport 25 technology demonstrations on farmers' fields and in assembly markets and processingindustries to test or transfer new and adapted technology clearly linked to defined marketopportunities. The ceiling on demonstration projects is $5,000. Demonstration projects proposedduring project preparation include materials for ice-cream production and improved chess production;greenhouse production; and improved packaging. Evaluation criteria, found in the Grants OperationsManual, include environmental impact.

(b) Micro-Credit. The project would provide access for individual small and medium-sized farmers to finance for small capital improvements and working capital through existing micro-credit organizations. Producers in the project area see lack of micro-credit as a major constraint toincreasing their commercial farming activities. It is anticipated these credits would be used primarilyfor equipment, e.g. tractors, and agriculture inputs, e.g. seeds. Credits would be in amounts in therange of $1500 - $15,000.

(c) Irrigation Rehabilitation. The project would finance improvements in irrigation wherethese would be used by private farmers to increase productivity and the quality of their commercialproduction. It would involve redesign, repair and improvement of existing irrigation systems servingprivate farmers. The improvements proposed in Lubushki and Trebinje would include (i) cleaning ofmain canals, drains and removal of debris, (ii) repair of diversion weirs, structures, flood banks, andcanal and drainage channel banks, (iii) repair of gates at the main diversion, control and drainagestructures, (iv) improvement of access to control structures and to gates (v) improvement in outlets to



farms and (vi) assistance in water management and the formation of water users groups. The initialworks proposed for each area would act as the catalyst to small farmers to improve on-farm channelsby ensuring reliable water delivery near to their farm gate. Irrigation investments financed by theproject would be designed to be economic by avoiding capital- and electricity-intensive systems in

favor of low-cost systems already in use in the project areas.

(IV) Project Management. (US$ 1.29 million)

The project would strengthen project implementation units in both the FBiH and RS. It wouldincrease existing capability to manage day-to-day project activities and coordinate work with localimplementation units. The project would finance consultants, incremental staff, office equipment,vehicles and other operating expenses related to the project.

2.2 Environmental Impacts

Project components with potential for negative environmental impacts are:

Component 11 Sub-component B - Enterprise CreditComponent III Sub-component A - Technology DevelopmentComponent III Sub-component B - Micro-CreditComponent III Sub-Component C - Irrigation Rehabilitation

With the exception of Component III.C, the environmental impacts of the other sub-componentscannot be determined at this time as the activities which will be funded will only be identified duringproject implementation by the financial intermediary (Fl), making these category "Fl" sub-

components. The Fl for Component 11 Sub-component B - Enterprise credit, will be a commercialbank. The Fl for Component III Sub-component B - Micro-credit will be an existing micro-creditorganization with experience with other similar World Bank financed projects. The Fl for ComponentIlI Sub-component A - Technology Development, will be the State Competitive Grants Committee.It is not possible to review the environmental aspects of the sub-loans, credits and grants at present.For the loans and credits, the project operations manual includes an appendix on "General Guidelinesfor Identification and Analysis of Environmental Impacts of Project Loan Activities" which includesthe mechanisms and responsibilities for environmental screening and review of proposals. For thegrants, the guidelines related to environmental screening, review and monitoring are provided in anapendix to the project operations manual, "Competitive Grants Program for Technology and MarketDevelopment." The Fls would be trained to evaluate loan applications based on Bank'sEnvironmental Guidelines for Financial Intermediary Loans.

Investments under Component III Sub-Component C - Irrigation Rehabilitation, have been identified,and are the subject of this environmental assessment. The project would finance the rehabilitation ofdeteriorated irrigation and drainage systems in the project areas. No new structure of significant sizewould be built under the project. There is also no new land acquisition and no resettlement of peoplebecause of the rehabilitation activities.

The environmental assessment which follows is that of the Irrigation Rehabilitation Component of the

SSCAD Project.

1.3 Need for the Project

Agricultural land in southem Bosnia and Herzegovina is deteriorating as a result of poor planning andmanagement of the same. The most required resource is water in this region. The irrigation canalshave faced a significant amount of destruction during the 1 0-year period of stagnation brought aboutby the war-time activities and post-conflict recovery. There is a critical need to rehabilitate the

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existing irrigation network in south-eastem Herzegovina in order to provide water for development of

agriculture in the area, and to catalyze development of BiH as a whole.

1.4 Objectives of the Environmental Assessment

The objectives of this Environmental Assessment are to:

a) Analyze the policy, legal and administrative framework relevant to rehabilitation and

operation of irrigation and drainage infrastructure,

b) Analyze available baseline data on the environmental issues and their trends,

c) Identify possible negative and positive impacts of the project and propose mitigating

measures if required,

d) Provide key criteria for environmental quality monitoring in the project implementation

areas, develop guidelines for environmentally sound construction practices and,

e) Assist in the inter-agency coordination and the public/NGO consultation process



2. Small Scale Community Agricultural Development Project (SSCADP)

2.1 Description of Irrigation Component

The Project area encompasses southeastern Herzegovina. This area is characterized by karst

geography, and uneven distribution of water throughout seasons. The most typical agricultural

production in the project region is that of early_vegetables, either in the open or in plastic housing

(don't understand what this means). A functioning irrigation system would significantly increase the

interest of producers and open up new areas for agricultural production.. The SSCADP would assist

development of the Project area and as a direct result, development of the entire country. The project

is the responsibility of the government of BiH, through the PIU of the Federal Ministry and RS

Ministry for Agriculture, Waterworks and Forestry.

2.2 Project Objective

The objectives of the irrigation rehabilitation sub-component of the Small Scale Community

Agricultural Development Project (SSCADP) are the following:

- Rehabilitation of existing irrigation, drainage and flood protection works in Ljubuski and

Trebinje Poije,- Technical support in the rehabilitation of water storage tanks in Dubrava Plateau and other

suitable sites and the establishment of water users associations for their operation,

- Strengthening of Water User Associations (WUAs) and federations of WUAs (FWUAs),

and development of a WUA support unit within the PfU to assist with management

transfer,- Technical support within PIU to small-scale commercial farmers and micro finance

organizations for identification and selection of viable small scale irrigation alternatives

- Technical support to the local water management companies in evaluating appropriate

construction technologies and contractual procedures and transferring roles and

responsibilities to the private sector

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3. Project Area Description

This SSCAD Project involves the southeastern portion of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It spans the karstarea from Ljubuski to Trebinje and Dubrava Plateau, as can be seen on the general BiH map inparagraph 3.1.1.and detailed map in paragraph 3.1.2. The area of Ljubuski is within the catchment ofthe Trebizat river (also known as TMT- Tihaljina- Mlada - Trebizat river), and the area of Trebinje is

within the catchment of the Trebisnica river. Both of these rivers are tributaries of the Neretva river,while Trebisnica is not directly connected with Neretva on the surface but has significant contributionto Neretva through groundwater streams. Neretva flows from central Bosnia, through Herzegovinaand Croatia into the Adriatic Sea along some 230 km. River Neretva has a specific runoff of 43.21I/s/km2 , while Trebisnica has a specific runoff of 61 lIs/km2 . The common Neretva and Trebisnicacatchment covers an area of 9800 km2, which makes up 19,2% of the entire territory of BiH.

The geological characteristics of the Project area are mostly Dinaric karst with Adriatic / sub-Mediterranean climate. Such a climate is characterized by warm summers and mild winters. This karstarea is made up of permeable carbonate rocks where the prevailing formations are karstifiedlimestones of Mesoic and Venasoic age. The groundwater flows through the fractures in the contactpoints of individual rock blocks and along faulty zones, while flow barriers are present in dolomiteand flysch formations. The Ricica reservoir (Croatia) is located within the Pliocene flysch depositsand Upper Creations limestones.

The Ljubuski field being composed of quateinary sediment, is underlined by Eocene limestones. Thewater impounding is possible from the Tihaljina source to the Ljubuski fields (Kordi6i and Klobukreservoirs are planned in this area). The East Herzegovina region including the Dubrovnik coastalbelt consists of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous limestones and dolomites intensively karstified with

numerous sinkholes. A smaller portion of the upper cretaceous formation is represented by theimpermeable flysch deposits (marl, clay and sandstone). The Quarternary sediments cover the karstfields. The Trebinje field belongs to the extensive depression of Popovo Polje. The bottom layers arerelatively low-permeability quaternary sediments. Meanwhile, considerable water losses arise throughthe sinkholes and estavelles along the field periphery. The area includes morphologically closed offkarst fields, the highest of which is the Gatacko polje (950 meters above sea level) and the lowestbeing Popovo polje (250 meters above sea level). The karst fields on the west part of Neretva rivercatchnment are Mostarsko Blato (225 m.a.s.l. and Ljubusko polje (75 m.a.s.l.). The area is also

exposed to extremely unevenly distributed precipitation. The autumn-winter period is characterizedby high levels of precipitation while the vegetal period experiences extreme lack of precipitation.

The average annual temperature is 14,50 C, with the average annual humidity being 55%-75%. Windcurrents blow approximately 300 days in a year, while weaker winds up to 12 m/s blow some 160days in the year, and very strong north-eastern winds exceeding 20 m/s blow approximately 20 daysin a year.

The seismology of this area is rather active. The seismic source of Biokovo (Makarska, Croatia),Mostar, Livno and Dubrovnik with epicenters in the region of Ston (Croatia), Grude (BiH), Sinj

(Croatia) and Hvar (Croatia) has a significant effect on the area of the Project. The most significantfaults of the seismic-tectonic structure are in the direction of southeast-northwest while the border of



the structural until Dinaric-Adriatic stretches along the Adriatic coast from Ulcinj - Skadar zone to thenorthwest.

The population of the Project area has been significantly changed since the war (1992-1995). Anumber of population was dislocated, either within the borders of BiH or outside. The lack ofdevelopment in the agricultural sphere contributed to the decrease of the population's interest inagriculture and a shift in the rural population towards urban areas.

The project area includes a number of quality public roads, the railroad Sarajevo-Mostar-Ploce

(Croatia) and the Mostar airport. It has an electrical supply network of 400, 220, 110, 35 and 10 kV.The areas of Trebinje, Ljubuski and Stolac have water supply and wastewater networks sufficient forthe needs of the population. Ljubuski and Trebinje both have their own wastewater treatment plants,which are very rare even in bigger cities in BiH.

Ljubuski & Ljubusko Polie

The area of Ljubusko Polje is located in the West Herzegovina Canton, alongside the river Tihaljina-Mlade-Trebizat (TMT) from the settlement of Studenci towards Ljubuski-Vitmna until Klobuk and onthe western side until Grab and Vrgorac (Croatia).

Ljubuski municipality encompasses 282,7 km2 with a total number of 27.603 inhabitants (1991). Thetotal area of the municipality is divided up into agncultural land (43%), forests (52%) and barren land(5%). The agricultural land, which makes up 43% of the total land is made up of fertile land (21%)and pastures and meadows (22%).The agricultural land covers some 121.5 km2 , and is made up of 10 separate fields with their own

irrigation canals:

Table 1: List offlelds and canals in Ljubuskie

No. Area Field No of Concr./m Stone Earth/m Total/m Rehab.canals paved/m Cost

KM/i

I A Klobucko- 8 8,8454 7,750 15,616 32,211 5.63Sipovacko-Veljacko polje

2 B Vitinsko-Otocko 5 1,936 0 13,694 15,630 4.01polje

3 C Hercegovacki rastok 9 5,291 0 31,369 36,660 11.404 D Hardomiljsko - 1 11,000 0 0 11,000 4.09

Zvincko polje

5 E Vasarovacko- 3 1,965 0 18,885 20,850 4 54Lisicko polje

6 F Grabovacko - 6 890 0 13,810 14,700 4.11Berisko polje

7 G Ljubusko - Radisko 4 2,320 0 19,530 21,850 6.06_____ ___ polje

8 H Hrasljansko polje 1 0 0 4,650 4,650 4.41

' Source: Study Detailed Assessment of the Irrigation and Drainage System in Ljubuski Poije



9 I Studenacko polje 1 1,722 0 6,888 8,610 3.7310 J Stubicko polie I 0 0 3,240 3,240 9.90

TOTAL 39 22,969 7,750 138,682 169,401 6.37Percent 13,5% 4,6% 81,9% 100%

Of the 39 canals listed above, 44% of them serve only for irrigation, 36% have a combined purposefor irrigation and drainage while 20% are devoted for drainage and flood protection.

Along TMT and Vriostica river 27.3 km of embankments are constructed for flood protection. Theplanned rehabilitation works have envisaged remedial measures in heightening of their crest wheresettlement occurred and repair of damaged slopes. The proposed deepening of the riverbed byelimination of natural travertine sill should not be performed without previous consultations withexperts.

The irrigation canals listed above receive their water mainly from the watercourse of the TMT riverand river Vriostica for approximately 2800 hectares (ha) of land. The required amount of water perhectare is 1.21 I/s, which makes up the total quantity of water of 3388 I/s. The maximum water usageduring the summer months reaches up to 6000 I/s which is impossible to satisfy. Hence, it is evidentthat improved water management and rehabilitation of the existing irrigation canals will make asignificant contribution to, and is essential for, sustainable development of the project region.Furthermore, as most of the canals are over 50 years old, the advancements in the field of irrigationwhich will be introduced and supported by the project, will contribute to improved water management

The area of the river Trebizat catchment encompasses 1100 km2 . The areas of the basin with thehighest elevation are located in the karst field of Tribistovo where a water accumulation Tribistovohas been formed. Tribistovo is located at an elevation of 900-950 meters above sea level. FromTribistovo water flows through the river Ricina into the Posusje-Virsko polje and farther towardsRicice storage reservoirs. It continues through river Ricina towards the Imotski-Bekija Polje. In thesouthem portion of the field a hydrological tunnel has been made for the purposes of flood preventionand drainage into the Tihaljina springs area. Furthermore, alongside the existing tunnel, ahydrological tunnel for the hydropower plant Pec-Mlini is under construction. River Tihaljina flowsto Klobuk and further into the Ljubuski Polje where the river changes its name into Mlade and fartherinto Trebizat. River Trebizat discharges into the river Neretva downsteam of Ciaplina.

The operation of HE Pec Mlini potentially could cause sudden changes of flow rates in the TMTwatercourse affecting the operation of irrigation system concemed. Thus the project will finance aflow recording station stalled upstream of the intake facility for the system The automatized stationshall be linked to the control room of HE Pe6 Mlini, as well as to the firm that serves as technical aidto WUA.

Trebinje & Trebinjsko Polje

Trebinje is located in the eastem part of Herzegovina, in Republika Srpska. Trebinje region is alsokarst area with a sub-Mediterranean climate. The municipality of Trebinje encompasses an area of823 km2 and has approximately 37.000 inhabitants. An important issue is the number of populationthat has been displaced during the war, causing a visible shift in the population number and structureafter the war.



Trebinje polje is irrigated from the Trebisnjica river that flows through this region in an trained

trapezoidal riverbed. River Trebisnjica has no direct surface contact with river Neretva but it is

drained through ground currents that flow towards Neretva and Adriatic sea. Hence, Trebisnjica can

be considered as a tributary of Neretva river. Trebisnjica was one of the biggest sinking rivers in its

natural condition, that is prior to the implementation of the shotcrete lined riverbed 64 km long which

has decreased infiltration and has made river Trebisnica flow through Popovo field all the year. Prior

to this engineered solution, THE river Trebisnica lost some 130 m3/s of water to ground sinks. Area

of the Trebisnjica basin is approximately 1600 km2 with recorded maximum flow of 96,1 m3/s and

minimal at 2,50 m3 /s. River Trebisnica has four power plants: HE Trebinje I, HE Trebinje II, HE

Dubrovnik and PHE Capljina being constructed within the first stage of the Trebisnjica multipurpose

hydro project.

The irrigation water is supplied from Trebisnjica river through classical irrigation concrete canals and

Persian wheels located in the river. Persian wheels utilize water flow and gravity to lift up water into

metal irrigation canals that allow water flow into the concrete canals in the field. The area of

Trebinje field is approximately 1300 ha, while some 850 ha are cultivated and approximately 650 ha

are irrigated through the existing irrigation system. The irrigation system in the Trebinje field

analyzed in this report is made up of five irrigation components, as defined in the study " Detailed

Assessment of the Irrigation and Drainage System in Trebinje Polje" as follows:

Table 2: Trebinjsko field irrigation system 2

Sub Sub-system Length of canals to Irrigation Type of water Rehabilitationsystem be rehabilitated (m) area (ha) abstraction cost (KM/m)

A Zasad-Mostaci 4536 105,5 3ww* 3,72

B Bellow Mostaci 1647 13,5 2 ww * 5,28

C Trebisnjica left 2465 25,7 6ww * 5,02

bank

D Pridvoracki 250 8,3 2ww* 8,63

branchE South part of 9225 391,0 PS** 22,34

area PumpStations

18123 544,0 13ww + PS 13,55

Notes * water wheels (WW), **Purmp Station (PS), ***Rehabilitation of WW or

PS included

In addition cost estimate within this study included cost of flow measuring equipment amounting to

52 550 KM (in this case average cost per meter of rehabilitated canal will be about 16,50 KM/m)

The irrigation water is abstracted from Trebisnjica river by:

a) water wheels located in the river and lifting up water into metal canals that allow gravity flow

into the concrete canals in the field. This system is applied for irrigation of zones near the

Trebisnjica watercourse, and

2 Source: Study Detailed Assessment of the Irrigation and Drainage System in Trebinjsko Polje



b) pumping station located by the Pridvoricki branch (a branch of the main river course). Thissubsystem covers about 80% of irrigation area on south and west part of Trebinjsko field.

The existing system for drainage and flood protection of the Trebinjsko field consists of two maindrainage canals 8,38 km long running along northern and western periphery of the field. Canals are

partially backfilled with deposits of soil and wastes. The siphon bellow power pipeline across Mokrofield is also backfilled . To enable drainage of the south part of Mokro field it must be cleaned.

The major issue in Trebinje agricultural development is the number of extremely small, privatelyowned land areas used for agriculture. However, a former state-owned and currently privatizedcompany AGROKOP owns some 370 ha or 57%) of the agricultural land made in large parcels ofarea. Currently none of the AGROKOP area is being irrigated.

Construction of hydroengineering tunnel Fatnica - Bileca (about 17 km air line (?) upstream ofTrbinje) can not have any negative environmental impact on the proposed project downstream ofTrebinje. Flood water diverted from Dubravsko and Fatnicko fields towards Bileca reservoir will havepositive effect in terms of increasing flow through Trebinje and downstream through Popovo field.

Dubrava Plateau

Dubrava plateau is located northwest from Stolac and southeast of Mostar. It stretches above Neretva

on the northwest side and Stolac depression on the southeast. The plateau area is 5150 ha with nosignificant water catchment and hence, no surface water courses. The population receives its water,either for domestic use or for irrigation, by tapping smaller springs or creating small storage tanks tocollect rainfall. The Dubrava plateau has extraordinary agricultural potential if the required irrigationwater quantities are met.

On the contrary to closed karst fields, being characteristic by seasonal flooding and by long lastingdry , the Dubrava area is an open plateau with ground composed of flysch (?) complex sedimentshaving rather low permeability, but without flooding of larger surfaces.

This layer produces numerous springs of low yields mainly concentrated in three extended zones. Thisis the reason that besides comparatively low precipitation, compared with other areas of Herzegovina,there is a rather developed agriculture sector (tobacco, grape etc..) within limited zones of plateau.The earlier plans have envisaged water diversion (18.74 million m3 annually) fromn the storagereservoir on Nevesinjsko field for the purpose of Dubrava (5150 hectars) irrigation. Theimplementation of such a project is foreseen within the second stage of Trebisnjica hydro project (HEDabar). Additional water demands for irrigation of Dubrava in August amounts 5.05 million m3(about 1,90m3/s). Consequently the Dubrava plateau has extraordinary agricultural potential if therequired irrigation water quantities are met.

Currently the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is implementing pilotprojects to create water collection ponds in the Dubrava Plateau. These projects involve two ponds of4500 m3 and 1500 in3 . These ponds are lined with high-density Polyethylene (PEHD) foils, will

include a rain-water collection network and are fenced off to prevent unauthorized access. Below is alist of small rivers, springs, water sources and water accumulations "catmja"s and "lokva"s (sourceMap of river Neretva catchment - Eneroinvest M 1: 100.000)



Village water sourceOphici6i above canyon of river Bregava

Domanovici spring Domanovi6i

Grovnica,Humac source Bijeli GrivacBivolje Brdo catrnja KevciciPodglavica catrnja Kaja Rbegusa

Poprati source Komornik, source Vidostak

Obradovic catnja GrabovoMala source Vidoljut, Ubo, BarRivine source Klincica, Jamica, KlokunPileta, Greda catrnja BorusaLjuca catrnja Blaca

Cardaci source Ljubljine, Svilica, DobrovicLjubljanica spring Cetkova vala, lokva VelikaBrstenik source Spirja Scepan krst



3.1 Map of BiH with a focus on the proiect area3.1.1 BiH with position of project areas

Project Locations Map 1

Project Location

PEntityRegion Adriatic SeaBorderMajor cities

/\/major road tasphalt)/\/ Major road (macadam) ontenegro

\/Regional roads .4 Railroadsa ers if_

Major nvyersLakes

3.1.2 South East Herzegovina with position of proiect areas

At Prany' t Sntn.

mm I.)-POdARO.4SQ"s ............. Project Locations Detailes Map 2B aS Oil0 FlO. _



3.1.3 Avera2e precipitation

< s s)t t a 9 % * t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SR BIJA

HRVATSKA

JADRANSKO MORE

Bo .Rerof CRNA GORAB aordaer s, r

Waters _ - lMajor ro's

6'LakesGodisorie Padasi-e2000 - ida Wo

_ 750. 2000

2500 r75

01250 520 Prosjecne Godisnje Padavine.0o1000

B..$ Od S.M. Ce.r;aa

3.1.4 Avera2e yeariV temperatures

<X>\ 123L (t\ / c8^ t ~~~~~~~~~~SRBIJA< >\ ~ ~ 5. -'i t' > T & 2tl ) D 2

HR VAT SKA F - (:

JADRNSOA NRS ~~,

5;1Reorosn -,7>

MHajor dries ZZj:-:*-----14 WLaters ' . N 2_ & --RNA GORA

M ajor re, s L akesTTemerature Zlaka

0d 13, ( -

,s Prosjecne Godisnje Temperature Zraka _ Pleko 16' & 5s Oi l S e Co..an



3.1.5 Average temperatures in July

| ~~~~~~ | > ~~~~~~~~SRBIJA

2 1-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0*HRVATSKA

JADRANSKO MORE 26

,3Region 9° ~ \| JjMin, tRues

wate r s _ _

La-kes .2 _ - CRNA GORATemperatrre ZraD a -ka%O 0X1 20U

~233J22' Fr>>23 4

27 Prosjecne Julske Temperature Zraka B O SwCora

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 14Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 1


3.1.6 Details of project in Trebinie area

N .r~~~~~~~~~~~~~;~~~~ ~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --r - .-

-^ .1v -' *-.t.ntbsB 1] t

, '" _,; _ :, L,,V .- _ i-. -.

\r_; '~~t ' 1 ' tia *--- ls0

#~~~~~~~~~ ,;r-rt- _hj

;. 6 g ..... .pTChIS! ;'c j' i1t ; 4rf1 . ... .111__ -a C!-_E';0 4_

-; - t ,W;. \} r.=~sd p0)-;- ->/ -L5 p~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~U

.7 Ir

Legend, *S *

5,WVater Wheel

IgtonCanal Cnlj W Flood Drainagr C l'- TREBINJE SSCADP IRRIGATI N DETAILS



4. Review of National Policies and International Water-Sharing Agreements

Existing Institutional and Legal Framework Regulating Water

4.1 Introduction

With the Dayton Peace Accord (Annex 4 - Constitution of BiH), BiH administratively became ahighly decentralized state, organized into two entities: Federation BiH and Republika Srpska, bothhaving a high degree of autonomy. FBiH is decentralized, and is made up of ten cantons with thehigh degree of decision freedom in establishment of authoritative functions and their execution, whilethe Republika Srpska is a centralized entity.

4.2 Institutional framework

The existing institutional structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina is such that there is no institution thatwould handle the environmental issues on the state level. This situation comes out from the DaytonPeace Accord, by which the environmental issues are in the jurisdiction of each of two entities.Therefore, institutions dealing with environmental issues are at the entity level, and in the Federationof BiH at the cantonal level too. (update this with the newly proposed state office for environment -get info from Fethi from the NEAP). The following provides information on institutions withenvironmental responsibilities in BiH

4.3 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Institutions at the Federation Level

* Federal Ministry of Physical Planning and Environment - Waste management planning,legislation and policy

* Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry - Wastewater dischargecontrols, monitoring and management

* Ministry for Health - Clinical waste management* Ministry for Energy, Mining and Industry - Industrial waste management* Ministry of Transportation and Communication - Control over transportation of hazardous wastes

Institutions at the Cantonal Level

* Ministries for Construction, Physical Planning and Environment -Waste management planning,legislation and policy

* Ministries of Agriculture, Water Management, and Forestry - Wastewater discharge controls,monitoring and management

* Ministries for Health - Clinical waste management* Ministries for Reconstruction, Development and Environment - Industrial waste management

Institutions at the Municipal Level

* Communal Services Department - Local waste management planning, legislation and policy* Municipal Enterprise - Collection and disposal of all urban wastes

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 1 6


4.4 Republika Srpska

Institutions at the Republic Level

* Ministry for Urbanism, Residential-Communal Activities, Civil Works, and Ecology - Waste

management planning, legislation and policy

* Ministry of Agriculture and Water Management - Wastewater discharge controls, monitoring and

management* Ministry for Health and Social Welfare - Clinical waste management

* Ministry for Industry and Technology - Industrial waste management

* Ministry for Energy and Mining - Mining wastes and power plant residues

* Ministry of Transportation and Communication - Controls over transportation of hazardous

wastes

Institutions at the Municipal Level

* Communal Services Department - Local waste management planning, legislation and policy

* Municipal Enterprise - Collection and disposal of all urban wastes

4.5 Inter-entity bodies

Environmental Steering Committee of BiH

The Environmental Steering Committee (ESC) is inter-entity body that coordinates the work related

to environmental issues between the two entities. ESC was founded on 14th July 1998, when two

ministers of the environment from Republika Srpska and from the Federation BiH, on behalf of their

govemments, signed the Memorandum of Understanding. This Memorandum is one of the far-

reaching agreements signed until present between the two entities. This Memorandum represents the

official intention of both sides to cooperate on all levels and issues related to the environment, and is

the basis for the activities undertaken by the Steering Committee. In accordance with the

Memorandum on Understanding accepted by both entities, the Steering Committee is responsible for

the following tasks:

* Intemational contracts and programs related to the environmental problematic;

* Cooperation with Republic of Croatia and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the field of

environment;* Harmonization of existing and future environmental legislative, regulations, environmental action

programs, monitoring, standards and information systems;

* Harmonization of plans for urgent situations;

* Coordination of all environmental activities that will help BiH to join European Union as a

member country.

The ESC has worked closely with the World Bank since 1998 on implementation of an IDF Grant for

Environment Capacity Building; preparation of the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP); and

preparation of, and implementation of, the Bank financed BiH Environmental Infrastrcture Project.

Bosna-S Oil Services Co. 1 7


Commission for coordination of questions from the field of water management

A Commnission for coordination of questions from the field of water management is responsible forthe cooperation between the responsible ministries of both Bosnia and Herzegovina entities related tothe water issues, having the goal of removing the eventual collision in water management. TheCommission deals with the following issues:

* Intemational contracts regarding water management;

* Intemational waterways;* International water management projects;* Cooperation with Republic of Croatia and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on the water related

issues;* Harmonization of present and future regulations in water management;

* Harmonization and monitoring of water quality standards;* Harmonization of solid waste disposal program - protection of water resources;* Harmonization and control of laboratories' work for monitoring of water quality and water stream

categorization;* Construction and reconstruction of water management facilities on the, and in the near proximity

of the entity line;* Facilities divided by the entity line;* Harmonization of plan documents from the field of water management for the facilities divided by

the entity line;* Gathering and exchange of data (inter-entity and international);* Harmonization of plans for flood protection and other extreme situations.

The legal framework relevant to the SSCAD Project is:

4.6 Legal framework at the state level

Constitution of Bosnia & Herzegovina

Article III of the Constitution defines the responsibilities of and the relations between the institutionsof BiH and its two constituent Entities: the Federation of BiH (FBiH) and Republika Srpska (RS).

The environment is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, neither in the competencies of theState of BiH, nor in those of the Entities. However, according to Article III.3c, "functions and powersnot expressly assigned.. .to the institutions of BiH shall be those of Entities". Thus, the environmentbelongs to the Entities. It means that Entities regulate environmental issues trough its laws,regulations and standards.

4.7 Legal framework in Federation BiH4.7.1 Legal framework at federal level

Constitution of the Federation of BiH

The Constitution was voted on by the Constituent Assembly of the FBiH on March 30 1994, and since

then has been amended three times: on July 23, 1994 (amendment I), on Jtne 5, 1996 (amendments IIto XXIV), and on May 8, 1997 (amendments XXV and XXVI).



The Constitution establishes the sharing of competencies between the Federation and the constituent

cantons as follows:

* exclusive competencies of the Federation are the general economic, energetic, fiscal and land

use policies (Art 111. 1, b, f and 1);

* joint competencies of the Federation and the cantons are, e.g., health, environmental policies,

tourism, and use of natural resources (Art 111.2): in these fields, the powers of the Federation

and the cantons can be executed "jointly or separately, or by the Cantons as coordinated by

the Federation Govemment" (Art III.3.1); and* cantons have all responsibilities not expressly granted to the Federation (Art III.4.1); matters

likely to concern the water sector are public services, local land use, local energy production

facilities, and cantonal tourism.

Each canton may confer some of its responsibilities, such as, for example tourism and local business,

to the municipalities in its territory (Art V.2)

Water Law (Official Gazette of the F BiH, No. 18/98)

The Federation Water Law (WL) comprises 244 articles. Article 1/1 defines the content of this Law.

This Law regulates conditions, instruments and method of water management, water works facilities

and public water resources. The aim is rationality usage of water and water quality protection at

whole.

This Law regulates that "hazardous and harmful matters are forbidden to be introduced or discharged

into water, any public water facility, construction site, agricultural or forestall land or atmosphere or

to be deposited in the area where there is a possibility of water pollution, except according to the

conditions regulated by this law or in accordance with the regulations enacted and based on this and

the other laws.

Legal entities and inhabitants who, performing their activities, discharge hazardous or harmful matters

that might pollute water are obliged to treat water partially or completely in accordancc with the

waterworks permissions prior to discharging it into recipients or sewerage system" (Article 122).

Draft Water Protection Law

Article 25 defines that "the construction of installations or devices intended for production involving

hazardous substances, construction of installations or devices for the handling of hazardous

substances or storage of hazardous substances, and construction of installations or devices for waste

disposal shall be prohibited on water land".

Law on Collecting, Producing and Trafficking Raw and Waste Materials (Official Gazette of the FBiH, No. 35/98)

This law defines responsibilities, authority and obligations of organizations and individuals in concern

of collecting, producing and trafficking usable waste materials and raw materials. It prohibits

destroying the materials that could be reused. It gives condition for registration for performing



collecting, treatment and/or trafficking of raw materials. Federal, Cantonal and Municipaldepartments and governing bodies in authority will ensure the reinforcement according to this law.

The Law on Utility Activities (Official Gazette of SR BiH No. 20/90)

This law regulates "utility activities of special social interest" (Article 1), such as:

* water production and distribution by water network, up to the user's measuring instrumentincluding the instrument (Article 2/1/1);

* purification and evacuation of waste water (Article 2/1/2);* cleaning of public transport infrastructures (Article 2/1/9); and* storm water drainage (Article 2/1/12).

The municipal activities can be perfonmed by a public municipal company, some other company, thelocal community or an individual worker (Article 3/2).

The user of municipal services has to pay a fixed price for the service (Article 10/1). If he neglectspaying for the service for two consecutive months, the service can be terninated if this does notthreaten other users (Article 11/2). Disputes between users and the service provider are to be resolvedin court (Article 10).

The Municipal Assembly defines the method of service pricing, but the service provider defines theprice of the service (Article 12/3).

The Law on Physical Planning (Official Gazette of SR BiH, No. 13/74, 9/87)

Section III of this law covers environmental protection. Article 70 defines that a municipality isresponsible for collection and disposal of waste materials. Disposal of waste is to be perfonned on anengineered landfill site. Location of the engineered, sanitary landfill site is to be determined within theurban plan.

4.8 Legal framework at cantonal level

Constitutions of Cantons

In all cantonal constitutions, joint responsibilities of the Federation and the cantons include local landuse, health, tourism and environmental protection.

Cantonal Laws

Law on Environmental Protection

This law has been adopted by the following cantons:1. Posavina Canton2. Tuzla Canton3. Zenica-Doboj Canton4. West Herzegovina Canton



Law on Physical Planning

This law has been adopted by the following cantons:

1. Posavina Canton

2. Sarajevo Canton3. Herzegovina-Bosnia Canton

4. West Herzegovina Canton

Water Law

This law has been adopted by the following cantons:

1. Posavina Canton2. Tuzla Canton3. Zenica-Doboj Canton

4. Sarajevo Canton

4.9 Legal framework in Republika Srpska

Constitution of the Republika Srpska

The Assembly of Republika Srpska of BiH voted the Constitution on February 28, 1992. Afterwards

the basic text was amended several times, between May and December 1992 (amendments I to XXV)

and on November 11, 1994 (amendments XXVI to XLIII). The Constitution contains, as usual,

provisions related to fundamental political, economic and social rights, stipulations conceming the

organization of Entity institutions and the division of competencies between the RS and

Municipalities.

Water Law (Official Gazette of RS, No. 10/98)

Enacted by the RS National Assembly on March 20, 1998, the Water Law was published on March

30, 1998, and it entered into force on April 8, 1998. The Law, which could be defined as

comprehensive, comprises 136 articles, divided in the ten chapters.

Article 61 paragraph 2 states that " water pollution prevention will be implemented through

prohibition, reduction and prevention of disposal of dangerous and harmful substances into water, as

well as through issuing of the measures of improvement and preserving of water quality".

Thus article 64 lists a range of prohibited activities:

* discharge of dangerous and harmful substances into water over the issued amount (over accepted

limits);* discharge into water of solid and liquid substances, that can cause water pollution or mud silting,

water salting and silt settlement;

* discharge of waste water containing dangerous and harmful substances over the issued amount

into sewerage reticulation (or that can have negative effect on waste water treatment, or cause

damage to waste water treatment plant, or sewerage);

Law on Utility Activities (Official Gazette of RS, No. 1/95)



The Law on Utility Activities, in its 1995 version regulates, utility activities of special social interest,

which comprise:

* water collection, treatment and supply to users for drinking and other purposes, through waternetwork, up to water measuring instrument, including also that instrument (Art. 2/1, pt 1);

* wastewater collection and treatment;* solid waste disposal and treatment; and* storm-water drainage.

These activities are organized by Municipalities and either carried out by municipal public companies,or conferred to other companies (Art. 3). However, the water production and supply, considered bythe Law as activity demanding technical and technological unity, can be given exclusively to a publiccompany (Art. 5/1). Municipal service suppliers must ensure permanent service, good functioning offacilities and agreed service quality, healthy and hygienic accuracy (Art. 8).

The control and supervision of the operation and maintenance of municipal services, including allwater supply and wastewater treatment facilities, is carried out by municipal inspectors (Art. 25 to28).

Law on Land Use Planning (Official Gazette of RS, No. 19/96, 25/96, 10/98)

The Law on Land Use Planning, voted in August 1996, mentions also environmental protection. In itsfirst article the Law insists on healthy and protected environment (Art. 1/1). That Law, which has ageneral character and which treats, above all, physical planning and construction rules, stipulates thatland use planning is regulated also by special laws, as for example those concerning the water sector.

The Law quotes, among various land uses (construction, agriculture, forest, protected areas) alsowater surfaces that have to be defined by special law, or by physical or urban plan (Art. 5/1 and 4;Art. 21/2). Moreover, the Law specifies that the protection of nature.. .means especially protection ofwater, air, land, andforests (Art. 28/2).

Law on Agricultural Land (Official Gazette of RS, No. 13/97)

The Law on Agricultural land (1997) determines the responsibilities of the Ministry of AgricultureForest and Water Management and of municipalities and towns for protection of agricultural land(Art 5/2). These responsibilities must be assumed in accordance with the main planning documents,named basic documents on land protection and use of agricultural land (Art. 7/1), which at the locallevel define, among others, areas to be irrigated (Art. 10).

Among the measures protecting agricultural land, the Law mentions the necessity to define maximallevel of harmful and hazardous matters in irrigation water (Art. 12, pt 5). The control of thesequantities is carried out by the RS and municipal agricultural inspectors (Art. 50/1/4 and 13).

Article 25 forbids discharge or disposal of dangerous and harmful material to agricultural land andinto irrigation canals in such quantity that can have a negative effect on the productivity ofagricultural land and irrigation water quality. Based on the international and domestic standards and inagreement with the Ministry of Urbanism, Construction, Housing and Public Services & Utilities, the



Ministry determines what quantity of dangerous and harmful material is allowed to be contained in

land and irrigation water. The Ministry alsos determine the methods to control the quantity

acceptable for deposition.

4.10 International Water Sharing Agreements

The governments of Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina have signed, on 11.07.1996. inDubrovnik, AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF REPUBLIC OF CROATIAAND GOVERNMENT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ON ARRANGEMENT OF WATERMANAGEMENT RELATIONSHIP.

Through this Agreement, the signing parties have agreed that the following agreements and accordsare placed in effect between the signing parties from the day of placing this Agreement in effect.

These accords and agreements, which relate to the project and are included in this study, are the

following:

"Social agreement on joint municipality actions on pollution prevention and water qualityenhancement in the river Neretva basin and portion of the Adriatic Sea in the region of the mouth ofNeretva". Official Gazette SRBiH No. 39/81.

"Agreement on the manner and conditions of the arrangement and water use in the river Trebizat

basin", Official Gazette SRBiH No. 9/82.

"Accord on the manner of construction and establishing the resources for construction of sites,

manner of arrangement and utilization of sites as well as the manner of management of sites in theriver Trebizat basin", Official Gazette SRH No. 16/82.



5. Baseline Data on the Environment of the Project Area

Beside data given in 4 basic studies (Study A and B for Trebinjsko and Ljubusko fields) this chapterincludes additional data that we consider as very important for the project. Since a number of storagereservoirs for the purposes of hydroelectric dams have been placed on the Trebisnica, Neretva andTMT rivers, monitoring activities have been conducted in this region. Most of the monitoringactivities have been based upon the quantitative properties of the rivers while the water quality wasless frequently and stringently monitored and analyzed. A number of flow-measuring gauges andmonitoring stations have been placed on these rivers, producing data on mean flow, minimum andmaximum flow in each of the rivers. Furthermore, these analyses are required in order to coordinatewater releases from the dams and ensure separate minimal flows through the monitoring stations. Thisissue is also significant considering this region closely borders with Croatia and the issue of water isimportant on both sides of the border in the karst region. Due to the karst topography andhydrogeology of the area, groundwater and surface water are complexly interlinked due to thepermeability of the ground. Results of reliable quantitative data obtained by surface flow ratemonitoring for river Neretva are shown in table 1.

Table 1: Characteristic surface runofffor river Neretva and main tributaries3

Water- Water Catchment Mean Specific Min. Daily Min. Floodcourse gauge area A Flow Q Runoff Flow dQ9s monthly Water

profile (km2) (m3/s) (us/kin2) (m3/s) flow mQ3 Q, % (m3/s)

(m3/s)Neretva Ulog 222 10,2 45,94 0,190 0,35 203Neretva Konjic 1288 60,0 46,59 7,83 9,24 1169Neretva Mostar 4331 202 46,64 23,4 32,8 1830Neretva Zitomislici 5782 233 40,29 - - 2179Buna Buna 313 41,2 (132)* 1,74 1,85 406Bregava Do (vrelo) 378 18,4 48,67 0,76 1,08 66,2Tihaljina Klobuk - 27,4 - 2,28 3,49 250

Trebizat Humac 907 39,8 43,9 1,20 2,71 303Klokun Poljana - 6,45 - 2,75 2,93 25,1

*Undefined catchment; great part of Nevesinjsko field catchment not included

Five hydroelectric power plants have been constructed within the river Neretva catchment. The totallive volume of storage reservoirs amounts to 781,4 million m3 of water which low for positiveinfluence on the flow regulation and flood control, for the stretch downstream of Mostar up to themouth of river Neretva into the Adriatic Sea. The climactic characteristics of the area play animportant role in the hydrological balance. The higher summer temperatures have an effect on theflow, evaporation and water quality.Given in figure I below is a diagram depicting temperature and flow variations.

3Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebinje



16.00-'ill

14.00 -

a- 12.00

E 10.00a)_ /

6) 8.00

CDa, 6.00-

4.00

2.00

0.00

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00

average flow Qavg m3/s

Figur

e 1: River Neretva average water temp. versus averageflow (monthly)'

Figure 2 provides information on the variation of temperature and flow for river Trebizat.

25.00*s.. _

I-)

20.00

15.00- -

10.00-cu

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00

average flow Qavg m3/s

Figure2: River Trebizat average temp. versus average flow (monthly) 5

4 Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Ljubuskis Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Ljubuski



60.00

4000

30.0020.00 - . .....

10.00 average yearly flow M3/s

0.00

1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978

_Figure3: River Trebizat at station Humac, average yearly flows in the period 1966-19786

1200-

a I X __i--i-I -

_ _ \'earl), piod. G\'h-5-- A*erage 1995-2001

600- M,. __ - ,Average narural pot.

*- -Average 19S(0-200I

400-* _- _ __ S _ 1

200 __

NC O q \ C 1) I -I) -I) 'C) V I) 1) -I~-1) N

Figure 4: PHE Capljina Overview of annualproduction foryears 1980-20017

River Trebisnica natural flow regime has considerably changed after the construction of the largestorage reservoir Bileca with the total volume of 1300 million m3 of impounded water.

6 Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Ljubuski7Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Ljubuski



The diversion of water from the Trebinje reservoir through a 16,5 km long headrace tunnel to HE

Dubrovnik (installed flow 90 m3/s) and/or releasing controlled flow in Trebisnica riverbed through

Trebinje and downstream resulted in reduction of the mean flow at G.S. Gorica from 96,1 m3/s in

natural regime to 24,4 m3/s (in the period from 1980 until 1988). Instead of very uneven flow

throughout the year, the new regime caused a decrease of excess flows in autumn-winter season while

the remaining summer flows are in natural state. This is depicted in figure 5 below.

Gauge Station Gorica 1983 Mean monthly flow m3/s in 1983

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Constructed 54,9 152,0 85,6 109,0 41,4 17,7 10,5 7,01 13,1 9,76 20,9 122,0

natural flow

'n.' ...'

E

Months

Figure 5:VS Gorica 1983 Average flow

Recorded |20,5 |23,9 |25,2 |13,7 |14,1 |3,57 |5,88 |5,85 |5,35 l3,04 |3,25 |5,68|

flow m3/s l l l l l l l l l l l ll

Meanwhile, due to the fact that water is released from lower layers of the storage reservoirs, the water

temperature has considerably changed in extreme values. Recorded water temperature in the time

period from 1995-1967 in Trebinje ranged from 1,2 0 C to maximum 27 0 C while from 1968-1977

(new regime) the extreme temperature values had shifted to minimum 7 °C and maximum 17 0 C.

These changes influenced partial alterations in flora and fauna downstream of Trebinje and in

Trebinje area itself.

Trebisnica flow monitoring downstream of Trebinje was perfonned before the war at a number of

gauging stations, Drezin Do, Dobromani, Poljice, Ravno, Orasje and Velja Meda.

Presented below is the available data on the minimum and maximum flows recorded at the gaging

stations Gorica and Ravno for the period of 1980-1985.



Table 4: Minimum and Maximum flows for TrebisnicaYear G.S. Gorica G.S. Ravno

Q min (m3 /s) Q max (m3/s) Q min (m3 /s) Q max (m3 /s)

1980 2,60 122,0 0 286,0

1981 2,90 91,2 0 92,8

1982 2,90 54,7 0,3 118,0

1983 2,80 44,2 1,6 114,0

1984 2,24 48,0 2,7 90,0

1985 2,88 237,0 1,8 322,0

It can be seen that in the given period the minimum released flows from the Gorica dam were between2,24 m3/s and 2,88 m3/s, which was often more than a month in continuity (summer months). Theminimum flows at Ravno were from 0-2,70 m3/s. Meanwhile, high flows, as a rule, were higher at thedownstream station Ravno due to the large inflow from periodical springs and estavelles. As a rule,high flows occur in the period of October-January.

Precipitation, surface water runoff, irrigation requirements and water generation at the source aresome of the additional analyses that have been made. Considering that precipitation is extensiveduring some periods of the year and very scarce during the vegetative periods, it has been carefullymonitored in the agricultural fields in the area. The average, maximum and minimum values ofprecipitation in four karst fields and Dubrava Plateau are recorded in Table 5 below. The unevendistribution of available water quantities have been noted in Table 6.

Table 5: Precipitation regime in Herzegovina fields8

Precipitation (mm)Field Annual quantity of precipitation Vegetal period

Average Min. Max. Average Min. Max.Gatacko 1703 920 2625 460 183 752

Nevesinjsko 1789 988 2628 501 200 867Dabarsko 1467 354 2240 380 81 768

Fatnicko 1657 652 2021 434 204 717Dubrave 1189 925 1505 323 186 545

The available water quantity is primarily based on the amount of precipitation in the area. Since theprecipitation regime is uneven in this area, so is the quantity of water that is available. The percentagedistribution of precipitation in the Project area within the year is given in Table 6 below:

Table 6: Percentage distribution ofprecipitation9

I II III IV V VI VII |VIII IX |X |X | X110.4 1 10.0 1 8.3 18.4 I 5.8 4 . 3.1 4.5 6.7 10.2 13.7 14.11

One can see that the autumn-winter period accounts for 65,1% of the annual precipitation in the areawhile the springtime accounts for 22,2% and summer 13,7%. Apart from having a significantly lowerprecipitation regime during the summer months (vegetative period), the average temperatures are

8 Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data - Trebinje9 Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebi2at and Neretva Basin



rather high in this region. The average annual temperature and temperature during the month of Julyare given below in Table 7:

Table 7: Climactic average information'°

Location Average annual temperatures Average temperatures during the(C) month ofJuly (°C)

Mostar 14.8 25.8Ljubuski 14.5 -28Trebinje 14.1 23.7

Evaporation from the ground surface in the project area is relatively low, due to the high infiltration

into the soil. Meanwhile, evaporation from the free water surface in circumstances of local

temperatures, wind and air humidity is much higher. Although the amount of evaporation depends on

the local climate it is estimated to be approximately 1240 mm annually. Monthly evaporation is

expressed in table 8 below.

Table 8: Evaporation from water surface

Month I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Annual

Mm 42 59 95 115 153 156 186 175 112 70 '45 32 1240evap.

% 3,4 4,8 7,7 9,3 12,3 12,6 15,0 14,1 9,0 5,6 3,6 2,6 100

The water quality has been monitored in this area. The major parameter for which the water wastested was the bacteriological analysis. It is important to point out that the water has a much highercontent (of what) during the summer, when the river flow is significantly less and when the watertemperature is higher than it is during the colder periods. This data is provided in Table 9.

Table 9: Bacteriological analysis of TMT and Neretva rivers"

Total no. of NVB Coli NVB E.coli/ Flow m3/s Water temp.bacteria / /lOOml lOOml °C withl corr.Iml flow (1999)

River TMT - station Struge30.6.2000 180 000 24 000 24 000 4,90 19.2/ 10.914.9.2000 2 000 30 000 4 000 2,49 17.8/2.815.2.2001 150 4 000 1000 32,1 (2000) 9/91.727.6.2001 9 000 140 000 34000 4,90 (2000) 17.8 / 11.2

17.9.2001 3 000 10 600 2 500 2,49 (2000) 17.2/2,64River Neretva - station Zitomislic21.6.2000 9400 9000 340 59,2 13/1136.9.2000 9 000 34000 2 800 62,7 14.4/99

15.2.2001 110 2100 200 256(2000) 6.8/27927.6.2001 3 400 48 000 1 800 60.4 (2000) 12.8/90.117.9.2001 4 500 20 000 8 000 60.4 (2000) 14.6/71.2

10 Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebizat and Neretva Basin" Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebinje



Analysis of water quality discharged from the Trebinje II power plant and Trebinje wastewatertreatment plant has also been conducted and records are available in Tables 11, 12 and 13. Theanalysis is conducted on a daily basis within the laboratory of the treatment plant, while semi-annual,more detailed analyses are conducted in the Institute for Health in Podgorica, Montenegro.

Table 10: Water quality analysis of river Trebi.Unica at HPP Trebinje II profile 12

Measurement period Profile flow Quality according to measurements and analyses made(m3/s)

May 2000 4,30 According to all controlled parameters except BOD5 ,July - August 2000 4,40 water quality was established to be I class (metalsSept. - Oct. 2000 4,40 analyzed: iron, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel and

cadmium). According to BOD5 measurements in the firsttwo series of measurements the water quality was II classand in the third series to I class.

July 2001 4,66 Depending on the individual parameters the water qualityAugust 2001 4,30 was determined to be borderline between I and II class.November 2001 4,30 The only exception was the phosphorus content which

corresponds to water quality of III class.

Table 11: Daily measurements of WWTP Trebinje disharge'3

Measurement Average parameter valuesperiod pH Temp. BOD 5 Suspended solids COD Electrical

°C (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) conductivity(tS/cm)

August 2000 7,2 16,0 5,60 10,10 23,5 -

August 2001 7,6 19,5 4,00 6,20 20,3 -

April 2002 6,5 14,3 4,10 2,05 17,3 730

Table 12: Semi-annual measurements of WWTP Trebinje discharge'4

Parameter MeasurementsDate 08.10.2000. 08.11.2001.Temp t (C) 16 14,10pH 7,65 7,60Nitrites (mg/1) 0,02 0,055Iron(mg/l) 0,09 0,17Manganese (mg/l) 0,022 0,015Oxygen (mg/l) 6,85 11,53Lead (mg/l) < 0,05 < 0,016Chromium (mg/l) < 0,02 <0,006Mercury <0,002 <0,005Phenols <0,004 <0,015Electrical conductivity (!5/cm) 626 808

Suspended solids (mg/I) - 16Mineral oils Not found not found

12 Source: Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebinje3 Source: Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebinje

14 Source: Source: Study Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data in Trebinje



Available data shows that water quality downstream of Trebinje and Trebinje wastewater treatmentplant does not indicate a worsening trend when compared to the pre-war status.

Give some analysis of the info in this section - it is good but point out the relevance to the project andthe project's potential impact.



6. Analysis of Alternatives

The irrigation canals in the Ljubuski, and Trebinje area are in dire need of rehabilitation., and a certainlevel of improvement. Most of the irrigation canals in this area are very old having been constructedduring the period of Austro-Hungarian rule over Bosnia and Herzegovina (until 1914). The irrigationsystem in Ljubuski is heavily overgrown with thick vegetation, while the irrigation system in Trebinjehas deteriorated. With regards to the overall shortage of water during the vegetative season in thisarea, it is obvious that without a proper irrigation system there is no development of agriculture in thisarea. Hence, a "do-nothing" alternative would lower the interest in agriculture and furthermore theeconomic, agricultural and overall development of the area, and consequently the entire Bosnia andHerzegovina.

Education, as foreseen in this report, is also an essential factor to this project. Education and trainingof agricultural entrepreneurs and workers with respect to environmental protection, impacts offertilizers and nutrients on the crops and the environment, and water quality and quantity managementis essential. (not sure this belongs in the altemative section - but a good point)

Besides rehabilitation of the existing canals, advancements and improvements in the field of irrigationwould be introduced by the project. Rehabilitation of the systems to the pre-war outdated level is apossibility. However, the alternative proposed by the project is to include a certain degree of modem

technologies of water management and irrigation within the project, or at least set foundations forfuture development of more water efficient irrigation systems such as the "drop-by-drop" systems thatwould improve water management practices in the area and reduce overall environmental impacts ofthe irrigation of agricultural land in southeast Herzegovina. The project will finance activities to

support research, introduction, training, and demonstration of new technologies.



7. Environmental Management Plan

Water is the most valuable resource in Southeastern Herzegovina. Proper water management canallow larger quantities of water to be available for irrigation with minimal consequences and impactson the environment. When considering the project area characteristics and the scope of the project, itis evident that this Project would improve the overall agricultural and water management practices inthe area.

However, rehabilitation of the existing irrigation network would need to include preventive andmitigating activities, in order to eliminate or decrease negative environmental impacts and to improvewater management practices in the area The potential negative environmental impacts associated withrehabilitation of irrigation structures and the subsequent expansion and intensification of agriculture,include:

* Negative impacts related to construction activities, e.g improper disposal of materials, noise,air pollution

* Negative impacts related to operation, e.g loss of water from infiltration* Waterlogging and salinization of soils* Increased erosion* Pollution of surface and groundwater* Increased nutrient levels* Diversion and loss of water for downstream users

An environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared to address the mitigation measures forthe above potential impacts. The following tables present environmental management plans for eachof the project areas intended for irrigation rehabilitation. The potential impact, mitigating measures,costs, and institutional responsibility for executing the plan are provided. Note the mitigationmeasures include a number of specific activities designed to mitigate negative impacts. Overall theproject will mitigate a number of potential negative environmental impacts such as waste disposal inopen canals and large quantities of water loss, while also allowing for future addition of modemizedirrigation systems in the area.

The project is expected to have positive environmental impacts through (a) cleaning of main canals,drains and removal of deposited debris and other unwanted materials; (b) repair and improvement offlood banks, and canal and drainage channel banks; (c) promotion of improved land use practices andfarming methods; (d) modemizing and improvement of agricultural product processing; (e) removalof areas of stagnant and standing water through cleaning of drainage canals and drainage systems; (f)reduction of areas of potential erosion hazard around structures, diversion weirs, outfalls fromstructures (g) improvement of water management by providing better access to control structures andto gates, improvement of outlets to famis and the fomiation of water users groups and other assistancein water management; and (h) strengthening local capacities in environmentally sustainableapproaches to agricultural development through training and capacity building.



7.1 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

Table 13: Ljubuski

LOCA'lTION: LJUBUSKO POLJE- LJIJBUSKI

3.. I'hase Issue Mitigatin,g measure Commlienits Install Operate Install Operate

Improper.disposal of Disposal of excavated soil Cost for material Investor in Investor inxcavated/removed soil and and rock on proper, Municipality should removal is I accordance accordance

I Construction rock from the san d designated areas (rock can designate such a covered within lnKM with the with theaesthetickafrom theasnas be used in construction and disposal location. the rehabilitationo n n m Municipal Municipalesthetically unpleasing soil on fanmlands) project authorities authorities.

emoved shrubs may cause Proper disposal of cut Investor in Investor inaesthetic degradation if down shrubs and plants 4-5 KM accordance accordance

2 Construction improperly disposedt in theremoved from the canals 1.200 KM / piece /h with the with thecimproperly disposed in the (chopping into pieces and Municipal Municipalenvironment____ ____________________ composting) authorities authorities

Construction activities Limt construction

3 Construction cause noise pollution, added activities to regular periods N/A N/A Investor Investor

disturbanceoftm

Constructn .materials Re-route water during4 Construction mCight be released construction or minimize Cost is included in the Investor Investor4 Construction doghtberelamsnoted wte free material during rehabilitation project cost.InetrIvso

downstream into the water cntutoconstruction

Rerouting of water during Limit construction toKerouting of cause shortest possible time and Cost is included in the Investor Investor

floods in surrounding areas properly arrange retention rehabilitation project cost.areas for rerouted water

34Bosna-S Oil Services Co.

Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzecaovina

LOCATION: LJUBUSKO POLJE- LJUBUSKI

Ik%. Phase Issue Mitig-atingi measure Commilenits Install Operate Install Opel-ate

Disposal of waste materials Currently the canalsRemoval of waste materials needs to be carried out at are used as waste Removal of Transportcauses environmental the nearest authorized disposal or wastes is app.6 Construction pluiniinpoel ladilMotrU rkormaterials from included in the app.on Investor Investorpollution if Improperly landfill (Mostar Uborak or stove ranges to rehabilitation IKM/vIton~disposed other location specified by pstic bags an proect km

municipal authorities) plastlc bags and projectbottlesAccording to visual

Open, ground canals are Placing a concrete channel inspection andfrequently overgrown with or concrete piping within testimonies,. vegetation blocking off the the existing ground canals approximately two 9 K / meter of Clearing7 Operation with prior cleaning out of months are required . . of canal ?? WUA WUA

water passage and the canal for a cleared canal concrete canal KM/monthincrieasing maintenance Conducting regular to be completelyactivities maintenance of the canals overgrown with

thick vegetationConcrete

Large quantities of water .1 . canalsare lost to infiltration Placing a concrete channel Soil sl rather 9 KM / meter of would lead

8 Operation through pemieable bottom or concrete piping within pene ine tisn concrete canal in a WUA WUAlayer of an open ground the existing ground canals ae an .ifilati decreasecanal IS signficant of O&M

.costs


Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeciovina

LOCATI ION: LJUBUliKO POLJE- .UJIIUSKI Cost

Ia.. Phase Issue Mitigating measure Commlienits Install Operate Install Operate

Open canals are frequently Local population WUA in WUA inutilized as waste disposal Placing concrete piping, or frequently disposes accordance accordancesites by population leading a protective cover on top of freqtly dis psto Education: accodane accodthe

9 Operation to possible contamination the existing ground canals the canals ranging N/A 35.000 mncp t munictheof irrigation water and Education of population in size, composition KM/ year government governmentblocking off the water and material authorities authoritiespassage

Irrigation through open . . 2.500 KMratna hrogh o,en Control of water quantities gross10 Operation fcwanals,e leadsrgoleachin released through water KM per gate salary for WUA WUA10 Operation of water leads to leaching gaeorvlsof . gates or valves a guard/of sol's nutrients operator

ncreased agricultural Education of farmers,activities in the area may education of fan n, Education:caue cntanintio of education of population, 3 5.000

I l Operation utilzause contamination of Water quality monitoring, KN/ year WUA WUAutilized water and soil by establishment of a response MonitorinDesticides, herbicides and

nutrients action crew g:2.500 KM

12 Operation anaroemen canteadt Shut off gates or rerouting Wros1 2 Operation management can lead to of water within the system KM gate salary for WUAWUA*ncreased flood risks a guard/

__________________ ________________________ ~~~~~~operator _ _ _ _ _ _


Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzecaovina

InlStituitionialLOCATION: LJUBUSKO POLJE- LJUBUSKI Cost responsibility

INie. Phase Issue Mitigating measure Commlaenits lnstall Operate Install Operate

arge quantities of plant Education of farmers, Education:utrients released may lead education of population, 35.000

13 Operation nutro phicased of open Water quality monitoring, KM/ year WUA WUAbodeutropfcateon establishment of a response Monitorintodies of water action crew g

Utilization of irrigation Carefully monitor water This can be WUA in WUA in14 Operation canals can lead to a quantities and ensure most compensated by N/A N/A accordance accordance14 Operation decrease in the levels of water-efficient techniques accorded dam with other with other

surface water of irrigation releases institutions institutionsCarefully monitor waterquantities and ensure most This can be

Utilization of irrigation water-efficient techniques compensated by WUA in WUA incanals ca decreas acctechniques/Aaccordance accordance

15 Operation infiltration and deplete the of irrigation releases and ?? KM / gate N/A with other iththergroundwater level Utilize methods for re- utilization of institutions institutions

routing water to the area in rerouting gatesshortage

Non controlled water Placing a buffer zone at

16 Operation releases can lead to discharge point of canal ?? KM / gate ?? KM/ WUA WUAflooding and erosion of Control of water quantities gatefarm lands releasedMaterial used for filling in Material needs to be Municipality or WUA and WUA, and

17 Decommissioning canals can degrade the obtained from designated nto autermme N/A N/A goverment govemrmentenvironment during aesneed to determineauhrte atoiis

________________obtaining aessuch a locationauorte athiis



LNo. Phase Issue Mitigatingi measure Commilenits Install Operate Install Operate

Removed material can Recycling or proper Municipality or Transport Municipality/ Municipality/.cause pollution and disposal at an authorized Cantonal authorities of waste: I Canton and Canton and18 Decoffissiomg environmental degradation landfill of all waste need to determine KM/ton*k decommissio decommissioif improperly disposed materials such a location m ning actor ning actor



Table 14: Trebinje

LOCATION: TREBINJE POLJE - TREBIN.JE Cost _31

PIlase Issue Mitigating measui-e Commelits Install Operate Install Operate

Proper disposal of cutemoved shrubs and materials down shrubs and plants Investor in Investor in

Remay ued asthec ddaten removed from the canals 1.200 KM 45 KM accordance accordanceI Construction ay cause aesthetic egaaion Shredding and composting with the with the

if improperly disposed in the of cut down shrubs (rock piece /hour Municipal Municipal

environment can be used in construction authorities authoritiesand soil on farmlands)

Re-route water duringConstruction materials might be construction or minimize Cost is included in the

2 Construction released downstream into the free material during rehabilitation project cost. Investor Investor

water construction

Limit construction3 Construction Co pnstruction activities cause activities to regular periods N/A N/A Investor Investor

_noise pollution and disturbance of time

Rerotin ofLimit construction toRerouting of water during shortest possible time and Cost is included in the Investor Investor

4n stru ou ld cas properly arrange retention rehabilitation project cost.In__ surrounumg__ _ areasareas for rerouted water



Phliase Issue Mitigatinl measule Commllenits Install Operate Install Operate

_ Currently the Removal ofDipslof waste miaterials CuTnl h astes isRemoval of waste materials Disposal canals are used as wicued Transport

5 Construction causes environmental pollution . waste disposal of the app. Investor Investorif improperly disposed the nearest authorzed miscellaneous rehabilitation lKM/ton*km

items____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ project

Open canals are frequently Local population WUA in WUA inutilized as waste disposal sites Placing concrete piping, or frequently accordance accordance

operation by population leading to a protective cover on top of disposes waste Euain ihte wt h6 Operation ypossibleionteamingation o the existing ground canals materials into the N/A 35.000 KM/ with the with thepossible contamination of .... municipal / municipal /irrigation water and blocking off Education of population canals ranging in year govenmment govemmentthe water passage size, composition authorities authoritiese water passage ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ad mteiaIrrigation through open canals, Placing a buffer zone at 2.500 KMby large quantities of water discharge point of canal ?? KM per gross salary

7 Operation leads to leaching of soil's Utilize sprinklers gate for a guard WUA WUAnutrients and changes in water Control of water quantities operatorsalinity releasedIncreased agricultural activities Education of farmers, Education:in the area may cause education of population, 35.000 M

8 Operation contamination of utilized water Water quality monitoring, year WUA WUAd soil by pesticides, establishment of a response Monitorin

herbicides and nutrients action crew g


Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzeoovina

Phase Issue Mitigating, imeasuLe Conmm11elnts Inistall Operute Install Operate

_ . . ~~~~~~~~~~~Education of farmers, lLarge quantities of plant Education of pation, Education:. Operatio utrients released may lead to education of population, 35.000 KM WU

utrophication of open bodies of Water quality monitoring, yearwater establishment of a response

action crewCarefully monitor water This can be WUA in WUA in

Utilizatio . irrigation ca s quantities and ensure most compensated by accordance accordanceIJ Operation can lead to a decrease in the water-efficient techniques accorded dam N/A N/A with other with otherevels of surface water of irrigation releases institutions institutions

Carefully monitor water This can bequantities and ensure most SWUAin WUA in

Utilization of irrigation canals water-efficient techniques accorded dam N/A NAn Ac in11 Operation can decrease infiltration and of irrigation Utilize N/Adeplete the groundwater level methods for re-routing releases and ?? KM / gate with other with other

utilization of institutions institutionswater to the area in rerouting gates

____ ____ ___ ____ __ ____ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ shortage_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Shut off valves or 2.500 KM12 Operation mi-nproper water management rerouting of water within ?? KM / gate gross salary WUA WUAan lead to creased flood skthe system for a guard/

._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ t he__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _s y st em__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o p e ra to rPlacing a buffer zone at

Non controlled water releases discharge point of canal13 Operation an lead to flooding and erosion Utilize sprinklers ?? KM / gate ?? KM / gate WUA WUA

of farm lands Control of water quantitiesreleased



Pliase Issue NMitigating measuL-e Commilenits Install Operate Install Operate

Material used for filling in Material needs to be Municipal WUA, and WUA, and14 Decommissioning canals can degrade the obtained from designated authorities need N/A N/A government government

environment during obtaining areas to deterine such authorities authoritiesa location

Removed piping, tubing, mesh Recycling or proper Municipal Municipality Municipality15 Decommissioning pollution and environmental disposal at an authorized authorities need Transport of and anddeDeigrution ad eirommenaly landfill of all waste to determine such waste:*kmdecommissio decommissio

egradation if improperly materials a location KM/ton*km ning actor ning actordisposed

Table 15: Dubrava Plateau

ILNO. I'lhase Issue Mitigating measurle Commilenlts Install 0 1 B

Removed shrubs may cause ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Investor in Inetriesthetic degradation if Proper disposal of cut 1.200 KM / 4-5 KM accordance withI Construction improperly disposed in the down shrubs and plants piece hour with the the Municipalnvironment removed from the canals Municipal authoritiesenvlronment ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~authorities uhrte



Phliase Issue Mitigatin,gimeasure Comimilenits Install Operate

Construction activities cause Limit construction2 Construction noise pollution, additional air activities to regular periods N/A N/A Investor Investor

pollution and disturbance of time

Cost forProper disposal of material Investor in

Removal of soil and rock from excavated materials Municipality should removal is accordance accordance with3 Construction the location can cause aesthetic Utilizing soil on farmlands designate such a covered ton*km with the the Municipal

degradation and rock in construction disposal location. within the Municipal thoricipalpractices rehabilitation authorties authorities.

project

Disposal of wastematerials needs to be Removal of

Waste generated during Ensure that the waste is carried out at the wastes is Transport4 Construction construction activities causes properly managed and nearest authorized included in app. Investor Investor

environmental pollution and cleared from the site at the landfill (Mostar the IKM/tonaesthetic degradation end of activities Uborak or other rehabilitation *km

location specified by projectmunicipal authorities)

Open access to the pond might Placing a fence around the

5 Construction cause animals or population to collection pond ?? KM / m of Investor Investornter the pond and would be Placing warnig signs fence

unable to come out Place floating pontons



3XIe. Phase Issue Miti-ating measure Comimlents Inistall - _

Placing a protective mesh EducatioO t umping of waste or other cover or fence over the ?9 KM Im o n: 35.000

6 Operation materials can cause pollution of collection pond fence KM / Investor Investorthe collected water Placing warning signs year

Education of population yearCreate a flood canal aroundthe pond

7 ti High precipitation may cause Carefully monitor ?? KM W WUAOperation overflow of the pond quantities of stored water meter length lUA

and control of release ofcanal______________________________ valves

Discarded construction Proper disposal of Municipality needs to Decomiss. Decomiss. Actor8 Decommnission materials may aesthetically Properdiaspondsalnaof determine the area 1 KM Actorangot dgv.

degrade and pollute the materials on designated where such waste /ton*km athortnid govt. authoritiesenvironment needs to be disposedFilling in of the collection pond Procurement of excess rock Municipality or WUA, and WUA, and

9 Decommission might require removal of fill and soil fill materials from Cnedtona dethrteNANA goerminet gosuchnnaterials that would degrade designated areas need to detemine such authorities authoritieshe environment a location___________________



8. Waste Management Strategy

During project design and supervision, contractors would be required to prevent, minimize ormitigate environmental damage including that related to waste. Sediments and other debriswould be displaced in an orderly manner in approved paths or in landfill or dump sites, ratherthan dumped indiscriminately. Reuse of excavated materials would be specifically directed,where suitable, limiting the need for old and new quarries. Where possible, existing quarrieswould be used for required additional materials. Contractors would also have to restorelandscape to quasi-original condition after completion of rehabilitation works and after use ofquarries. The details of environmental precautionary clauses for contractor works would beincluded in the bidding documents for proposed rehabilitation and improvement works.

The most appropriate methods for the observed waste materials are given below in the table 13

Table 13: Waste Management Strategy

Type of waste material Manner of management LocationRemoval from canals and Nearest authorized, sanitary

Household wastes discarded management at the nearest landfill is Mostar "Uborak"throughout the canals authorized landfill (including Another option is a municipal,

leachate .and gas control, authorized dumpsitecompacting and soil cover)

Bulk metal wastes can beRemoval from canals and disposed of at a scrap-metal

Bulk wastes disposal at a proper dump, other wastes can bedesignated area disposed of at Mostar

"Uborak"

H Can be spread on areas thatHigh quality soil would require vegetation

Can be used in construction orPoor quality soil provided for works even in

landfill covering

Rocks Can be used in construction ordisposed of in a remote area

In a specially designated areafor composting. Sale of

Cut downegettCan be cut down, shredded compost could be a revenueand composted generating activity

considering the amounts ofvegetationMostar "Uborak" or a

Waste material of eDisposed of at a proper, municipal landfill. PrecautionWaste matenals of existing authorized site, which would must be taken that suchconcrete canals inld gridin

include grinding concrete does not containasbestos or reinforcements.

45



9. World Bank Safeguards Analysis

The World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 applies to this project due to the nature of theirrigation rehabilitation component of the project. This component requires an EnvironmentalAssessment in order to ensure that the project to be financed is environmentally sound andsustainable. The EA format includes effects of the project on all sectors involved, including theenvironment, social and public sector. The Environmental Assessment also addresses issuessuch as monitoring of the activities and institutional capacity building.

World Bank Operational Policy OP 7.50 also applies to this project. River Neretva is aninternational waterway, as it flows through Bosnia and Herzegovina and through Croatia.Neretva finally discharges into the Adriatic Sea, an international waterway. Rivers TMT andTrebisnica are both tributaries of Neretva, through surface or ground connections and hence OP7.50 should be considered with respect to this Project. An overview and analysis of theAgreements and Arrangements between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia are given insection 4 of this report.

The Consultant has established that frequent communications exist between water authorities inCroatia and water authorities in Herzegovina. The necessity for application of the NotificationRequirement is currently under discussion within the Bank.



10. Environmental Monitoring Plan

In the past, as well as currently, much attention has been paid to the water quantity in the area,

but not to water quality. Due to the number of hydro power plants in the area, and energy

potential of the river flow, maximum and minimum flow values were carefully monitored, as is

presented in the baseline data, section 5 of this Report. Due to the scarcity of water, river and

stream springs as well as precipitation were monitored regarding the quantity of discharge

available. Average flow data is also available. On river Neretva there is a number of flow

measuring stations at various locations.

Considering the amount of agricultural activities in this region, as well as the unique karst

geology of the area it is evident that more attention should be paid to the water quality.

Furthermore, the karst geology allows for large-scale interaction of groundwater and surface

water in the immediate project area, as well as in the northem regions and across the

intemational border with Croatia. Water is a very valuable and scarce resource in this region

during the summer months and it requires protection of not only quantity, but also quality of the

water supplied to the population and to the irrigated crops. There are several potential or

existing threats to water quality in the project region. The areas upstream of the Project area do

not have their own wastewater treatment plants and might negatively impact the quality of

surface water recipients. The entire area of Herzegovina, especially around Mostar-Metkovi6

(border) M-17 road and smaller regional and local roads, has a large number of illegal

dumpsites, some of which are located on the very banks of river Neretva.

Water quantity information, although more established than water quality, will also be improved

by the project. Flow monitoring will be expanded under the project. The flow monitoring

stations on the river Trebisnica downstream of Trebinje are at Drezin Do, Poljice, Ravno and

Velja Meda. Flow monitoring stations will be installed near the end of Popovo Polje taking

into account the backwater line of the upper compensation basin on the PHE Capljina. Sampling

of water for the water quality control will be performed at the mentioned spots.

Laboratories for conducting water quality analyses and measurements are available within BiH.

Two such laboratories are available are the Ljubuski and Trebinje wastewater treatment plants

which are also available to conduct such measurements, that are regularly conducted on

wastewater influent and effluent. Furthermore, additional laboratories that have been

govemment certified are available throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina and are used to conduct

water quality monitoring for other World Bank financed projects, e.g. Environmental

Infrastructure Project.

The following table presents the environmental monitoring plan for the project and includes

parameters to be monitored, where, when, why, how the monitoring is to be conducted; the cost;

and the responsible party. Factors to be monitored include climate (wind, temperature,

precipitation); nutrient content of discharge water; flow and water levels at critical points in the

irrigation system; water table elevations in the project area and downstream; water quality of



project inflows and return flows; quality of groundwater in the project area; water salinity;physical and chemical properties of soil in irrigation area.



Table 14: Environmental Monitoring Plan Ljubuski Poije and Trebinje Poije

When Cost

What Where How is the WhlyPhoase parameter is to be is the parameter is the parameter to be paramete is the parameter to Responsibility

monitored to be monitored monitored r to be be monitored Install Operatemonitore

dTo determine

Downstream of Sampling, laboratory possible water 1.000 KM per Investor-Construction Surface water quality the construction analysis and record Weekly contamination as a Construction

activities keeping result of construction set authorityactivities

Prior and To detemine

In the areas Sampling, laboratory followmg possible soil Investor-Construction Soil quality surrounding analysis and record the contamination by the 1.500 KM per Construction

construction area keeping ctructi construction set authorityon activitiesactivities

To assure proper 25.000 2.500 KM

Flow through canals Uptemadwater management Km per monthlyOperation (mFus) downstream of Flow-meters/ gauges Daily and sufficient flow salary for WUJA

the field compensation ofmer wargudwater deficits meter water guard

amounts W~~~~~VvUA (through theOn site, and To observe amounts information

Precipitation possibly other Sampling and record of precipitation available from theOperation (umm/day) locations in the keeping on site Daily delivered and N/A N/A Federal

area required MeteorologicalrequiredSbureau- if available)



When Cost

What Where How is the WhyPhase parameter is to be- is the parameter is the parameter to be paramete is the parameter to Responsibility

monitored to be monitored monitored r to be be monitored Install Operatemonitore.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ d

WUA (through theOn site, and To b informationpossibly other Sampling and record To observe available from theOperation Wind speed loain .n th kep .nst Daily parameters essential N/A N/AFeralocations In the keeping on site in agriculture Federalarea Meteorological

bureau- if available)

WUA (through theOn site, and To b information

Operatio Wd d n possibly other Sampling and record . Torobserve available from theOperation Wind direction loain in th kep .nst Daily parameters essential N/A N/AFeralocations in the keeping on site . .Federalarea m agriculture Meteorological

bureau- if available)To observe WUA (through the

On site, and parameters essential informnationOperation Air temperature possibly other Sampling and record Daily in agriculture, to N/A available from thelocations in the keeping on site determine arnount of Federal

area evaporation Meteorologicaloccurring bureau- if available)

To determine 2.500 KM WUA through itsOperation Irrigation (mm/day) On site Sampling and record Daily amounts of water monthly appointed "water

keeping on site dlvrdsalary for gaddelivered water guard guard"



Whlen Cost

Phase Whtat Where How is the Whyparameter is to be is the parameter is the parameter to be paramete is the parameter to Responsibilitymonitored to be monitored monitored r to be be monitored InstaU Operate

monitored

To determine Federal and RSAnnual concentrations of Ministries of

Operation Vegetation yield and On site Sample collection and records nutrients, have Agriculture,tissue analysis e laboratory analysis and ntlns aeArclue

analysis insight in possible Waterworks andalerts Forestry

2.500 KM WUA through itsOpertion Soil depth to On sie Sampling and record Mothly To determiine monthly apitd"aeOperation groundwater n sie keeping on site ony leaching of soil sala fo

water guard guard"

To observe 2.500 KM WUA through itsOperation Soil temperature On site Sampling and record Monthly parameters essential monthly appointed "water

keeping on site inarcluesalary for gadin agricultue .water guard

Soil quality (heavy Sapecleto n eianTo determine 1.0 MprWIA through itsOperation metals, phosphorus, On site Sample c llection asd Semiann pss sil set appointed "water

traces of chemicals) ~~~~~~contamination stguard"Groundwater quality U-rdetad Sample collection To determine salinity WUA through its

Operation (chlorides, nitrates, down-gradient of through montorig Semi aossibe 1.000 KM per appointed "watercoliforms) irrigation system wells and laboratory annually groundwater set guard"

analysis contamination


Environmental Assessment: Bosnia Herzecovina

When cost

What Where How is the whyPhase paramete Rsosbltparameter is to be is the parameter is the parameter to be p is the parameter to Responsibilitymonitored to be monitored monitored r to be be monitored Install Operate

monitored

Surface water quality To determine(concentrations of Upstream and Sample collection and Wo surfae WUA through its

Operation chlorides, nitrates, downstream of laboratory or field test Semi possible surface 1.000 KM per appointed "watercoliforms, irrigation system kit analysis annually water salinty and set guard"phosphorus)

Downstream of To determinethe Sampling, laboratory possible water 1.000 KM per DecommissioningDecommission Surface water quality decommissioning analysis and record monthly contamination as a set autliority

activities keeping result of constructionauthorityactivities

Prior andInrhr aond To determnineIn the areas Sampling, laboratory following possible soil

Decommission Soil quality surrounding analysis and record the contamination by the 1.500 KM per Decommissioningdecommission keeping constructi construction set authorityarea on activities

activities



Table 15: Environmental Monitoring Plan Dubrava Plateau

Phase Wthat Where How Whien Wly costparameter is to be is the parameter is the parameter to be is the parameter is the parameter to Responsibility

monitored to be monitored monitored to be monitored be monitored Install Operate

To clearly identify

Visual measurements Weekly, Daily amounts of water WUA through itsOperation Water level or volume At the pond itself and record keeping during release available from the N/A N/A appointed "water

season pond and to direct guard"releases

Standard laboratory To ensure water WUA through itsOperation Water quality At the pond itself tests and record Semiannually quality to be 1.000 KM appointed "water

keeping supplied for per set guard"irrigation guard"

WUA (through the

Area of Dubrava Standard To record inflows informnation availableOperation Precipitation Areau measrements Daily NTo /eond NIA N/A from the Federal

Plateau measurements into the pond ~~~~~~~~Meteorological

.________________ bureau- if available)

To record WUA (through the

Operation Temperature, wind Area of Dubrava Standard Daily variations in inflow information availablespeed, wind direction Plateau measurements Daily and outflow into N/A N/A from the Federal

the pond Meteorologicalthe____________________pond_______________________bureau- if available)


Environmental Assessment: SSCADP SoutEast Herzegovina

11. Institutional Arrangements

Within the Water Law of Republika Srpska it is stated that the maintenance, reconstruction and furtherdevelopment of water structures are under the jurisdiction of the Municipality. In the Federation thejurisdiction over this issue is dealt with at the cantonal level. Hence, the municipality should be theprimary institutional authority with regards to the irrigation of the agricultural areas. The Municipalityshould arrange Water User Associations that would represent the interests of all its members- waterusers, to the Municipality and other authorities. Such a set up of associations would enable bettercommunication and better networking between authorities and final users. Furthermore, it wouldfacilitate water distribution and charging in the future possibility of having to pay for water as a good.

Due to the international importance of the Neretva river to the Adriatic Sea basin, a Public Enterprise forthe Adriatic Sea Basin was formed with its headquarters in Mostar. This enterprise deals with most ofthe issues regarding water resources in the area, regardless of entity or state border-lines, and is a veryvaluable resource. Furthermore, each entity has their own Waterworks and Electrical Supply publicenterprises. The Waterworks public enterprise deals with water management and issuance of waterworksaccords for any projects, developments or construction that might endanger water quality or quantity.The Electrical Supply Enterprises of each entity are in charge of the hydroelectric dams placed on theTrebisnica, TMT and Neretva rivers, and hence are in charge of dam inspections and dam maintenance.

11.1 Institutional and User Strengthening and Trainin2

When considering the current agricultural and irrigation situation in BiH it is clear that there is a need fortraining and networking of government officials involved in this area, of local entrepreneurs directlyinvolved in agriculture and local population. Such education, training and forming networks wouldallow for information dissemination, and would introduce proper agricultural techniques and possibilitiesfor newer technologies to be used. This type of training would also assist in displaying the potential forpopulation in agriculture, and would help educate agricultural workers in items such as fertilizers,nutrients, pesticides and herbicides in order to establish proper usage of the same. The project willfinance the provision on a continuing basis of extension and advisory services, as well as specifictraining in fertilizers and pesticides as to proper application techniques, timing and handling of residues.This training in careful use of fertilizers and chemicals, and the continuing extension and advisoryservices to disseminate best practice is expected to keep the negative impact of increased input use to aminimum. The project will also finance regular training and continuing advice in improved irrigationmanagement practices to reduce soil erosion within irrigation schemes and consequently reduce theenvironmental impact of sedimentation on rivers.

The content of a training program will be determined throughout project implementation but it isenvisioned to take a fomi similar to that proposed below.

SEMINAR Series for Agricultural Entrepreneurs

The participants will be:- major agricultural entrepreneurs in the project area- government/municipal authorities- interested local population

The contents of the Seminar could address topics such as

- possibilities of development through agriculture- new technologies in agriculture



- applicability of new technologies in the area- linking and networking of agricultural associations

TRAINING sessions

Training sessions could be conducted in smaller attendance than the general seminars. Thesetraining sessions could employ experts in the field, familiar with the conditions in the projectarea and agricultural entrepreneurs in the project area. The training sessions would address topicssuch as:

- most common problems agricultural workers are faced with- overcoming most common problems- applicability of newer technologies in the area- benefits and impacts of fertilizers, and nutrients on crops, water quality and soil- overseeing agricultural activities and enforcement of proper techniques for govermnental

authorities

Cost Estimate - Half Day Seminar

Description Local consultants in US$ (1) Foreign consultants in US$(per year) (2) (per year)

Lectures and literature 400.00 1,700.00Room and technical 250.00equipment

Refreshments 150.00

TOTAL 800.00 1,700.00TOTAL for 5 years $4,000.00 $8,500.00

Cost Estimate- Field Visits and Training Sessions

Description Local consultants in US$ (1) Foreign consultants in US$(per year) (2) (per year)

Transportation 150.00 3,000.00

Lectures 300.00 1,500.00TOTAL 450.00 4,500.00TOTAL for 5 years $2,250.00 $ 22,500.00

Equipment purchases

Type Number of units Unit cost Total cost Local orIntemationalpurchase

Flow meters 2 per field 25.000 KM 50.000 KMWater sample 2 per WUA (GW 5.000 KM 10.000 KMkits and SW)

Composting 2 1.200 KM 2.400 KMchoppers forshrubsPower 2 250 KM 500 KMscissors



12. Schedule

Activity Start Date Finish Date DurationConstruction To be determined To be determined 120 daysMitigation To be determined To be determined 120 daysMonitoring To be determined To be determined 120 d and onwardTraining To be determined To be determined I year

13. Public Consultation

A public consultation of the project and EA was held in the Ljubuski region with the governmentalauthorities, representatives of various agricultural companies in the area, water distribution sector,communal-solid waste collection and disposal representative, independent experts and representative ofthe Cantonal chamber of commerce. This consultation was held on 31. July 2002 in Ljubuski. Theattendence sheet is attached to this report.

14. Conclusion

Southeastern Herzegovina is an area with a large amount of water availability but unfavorabledistribution during the course of the year. Aricultural potential is very high in this area, but is limited bythe quantities of available water. It is safe to conclude that a proper irrigation system would lead to anexpansion of the agricultural activities in the area, and in combination with proper training andeducation, agriculture could be a strong basis for economic development of the region and BiH as awhole. Rehabilitation of the existing system will be accompanied in the project by introduction of moremodem techniques. Training and extension services will support introduction of new irrigation andagricultural methods that are conducive to water conservation goals. This will improve the overallwater management system in the area potential for future development of the project region.

Since water is such a scarce, and as a result extremely valuable resource, there is a significant amount ofmeasurements and data on available water quantities, water inputs, outputs, average, minimum andmaximum flows, and even water quality measurements. Additional, mandated monitoring is suggestedby this EA in order to have continuous monitoring of set parameters at set locations.There are possible alternatives to the activities defined in this Project, but it is clear that the existingirrigation canals must be rehabilitated. Potential negative environmental impacts of the project arelimited and amenable to mitigation measures identified in the environmental management plan.





Appendices list

Al General Guidelines for Identification and Analysis of Environmental Impacts of ProjectLoan Activities

BOSNIA and HERZEGOVINA

and

World Bank

SMALL-SCALE COMMERCIALAGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

General Guidelines

For

Identification and Analysis ofEnvironmental Impacts

Of Project Loan Activities

September, 2002

59


John AmbroseMallorytown, Ontario

CANADA

60


Contents

1. Introduction

2. Purpose

3. World Bank Safeguard Policies

4. Vulnerability

5. Probable Project Activities

6. World Bank Environmental Assessment Requirements

7. Screening for Category A and Category B Projects

8. Identifying and Mitigating Impacts of Activities Not Included inCategories A or B

9. Agricultural Good Practices

10. Potential Environmental Impacts, Consequences and Mitigation

11. Cumulative Impacts


List of Tables

Table 3.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies

Table 5.1 Probable Agricultural Activities

Table 5.2 Other Potential Activities (Large Scale Farms, Processing andMarketing

Table 6.1 World Bank Categories for Environmental AssessmentPurposes

Table 8.1 Agricultural Activities (Inputs) Affecting DifferentComponents of the Environment

Table 8.2 Guidelines for Determining Scores of Each Impact

Table 9.1 Some Agricultural Good Practices - Towards a ProtectedEnvironment and Sustainable Agriculture

Table 10.1 -10.19 Impacts, Consequences and Mitigation of Project Activities


1. Introduction

Limited access to credit is a major impediment to the growth of commercial agriculture ineastem Herzegovina. Bank and non-bank financial institutions have a limited presence inrural areas in the region, and a weak capacity for agricultural lending.

The World Bank and the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina are entering into a loanagreement for a small-scale commercial agricultural development project (SSCAP).Financing through this project will assist in the alleviation of the current problem oflimited access to the commercial agricultural sector. The SSCAP will provide two linesof credit: $US 4 million for commercial banks to finance larger loans to processors,traders, producer associations and cooperatives for working capital and investment; and$US 2 million to micro-credit organizations to finance investment and working capital forsmall-scale producers.

2. Purpose

The purpose of this document is to provide loan officers of the various banks and non-bank financial institutions that will be responsible for on-lending of the project funds witha set of guidelines that will assist them in determining to what extent the various activities

15will affect the environment . The guidelines outline the World Bank's SafeguardPolicies, assist in the identification of projects that may fall into either of the WorldBank's A or B environmental categories (see section 4.) and indicate whether or not anenvironmental assessment will be required. The guidelines also provide loan officers witha description of probable impacts that can be expected from various activities and themeasures that the proponent should take in order to minimize or eliminate these activities.As well, the document provides some agricultural best practices that should be followed,and a note on cumulative effects and their importance.

3. World Bank Safeguard Policies

The World Bank's commitments to environmental and social protection are reflected inits ten safeguard policies. These are stated and summarized in Table 3.1. It is theresponsibility of the lending institution to ensure that these policies are not violated. Thefollowing is a list of questions which, if answered in the affirmative, would indicate thatthe safeguard policy (indicated in brackets) may be triggered and a more in-depthanalysis, with possible consultation with World Bank staff, may be required.

Question: Does the project fall into a World Bank Category A or Category B forenvironmental assessment purposes? (Environmental assessment - see Section 7.)

Question: Will the project involve the manufacturing of heavy forestry equipmentthat would be used in the extraction of tropical moist forests? (Forestry)

15 Environment here includes the biological, physical and social components.

1


Question: Will the project involve the removal of a significant area of importantnatural habitat providing a base for important fauna / flora? (Natural habitat)

Question: Will the project involve the production / storage of large quantities ofchemical pesticides? (Pest management)

Question: Will the project involve the use of chemical pesticides? (Pestmanagement)

Question: Will the project require the removal of people (regardless of number)from their homes and the dismantling of these homes? (Involuntary resettlement)

Question: Will the loss of livelihood be a direct result of the project? (Involuntaryresettlement)

Question: Will the project directly affect indigenous people or already marginalizedgroups? (Indigenous people)

Question: Will the project lead to the removal, significant alteration or destructionof archaeological sites, historic buildings and sites (e.g. battlefields), and localcultural sites including cemetaries? (Cultural properties)

Question: Will the project involve the rehabilitation or the building of a dam (e.g.irrigation dam) greater than 15 metres in height? (Dam safety)

Question: Will the project in any way cause an alteration of an internationalwaterway or its major tributaries? (Projects on international waterways)

Question: Is the project to occur in an area that is currently or is likely to be, underdispute by a neighboring country? (Projects in disputed areas)

2


Table 3.1: World Bank Safeguard Policies

Safeguard Policy Brief Descriti-:: Likely'A ppicationto''Bref De's'r' io SSCAP

. Environmental Bank financed projects must be environmentally sound and sustainable. Type and detail of Highly likely, particularlyassessment (EA) EA dependent on nature, scale and potential environmental risks. (see section 2.2) for large scale projects. Natural habitat The Bank supports the protection, maintenance and rehabilitation of natural habitats and Possible, particularly with

does not support projects that involve the significant conversion or degradation of critical expanding agriculturalnatural habitats. activities

. Forestry Policy relates to tropical moist forests. Not applicable

. Pest management The Bank supports the use of biological or environmental control of pests and strategies Highly likelythat reduce the reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. It supports integrated pestmanagement and the safe use of agricultural pesticides.

Involuntary People who have to be removed or who lose their livelihood as a result of the project must Possibleresettlement be resettled, compensated for all of their losses and they must be provided with a situation

that is at least as good as the one from which they came.Indigenous peoples Local indigenous people or distinct groups who are marginalized in society who could be Not likely

adversely affected by the project. Cultural properties The Bank supports the preservation of cultural properties which includes sites with Possible

archaeological, paleontological, historical, religious or unique natural values. It seeks toavoid impacts on such sites.

Dam safety Bank financed new dams must be designed and built under the supervision of competent Only in the case of largeprofessionals. Dams over 15 metres in height are of concern particularly if there is a large irrigation projects whichflood handling requirement or the dam is in a zone of high seismicity and/or where are not likely to occurfoundations and other design features are complex. under the project

Projects on Any project that may affect the water quality or quantity of a waterway shared with other Not likelyinternational waterways nations.. Projects in disputed Projects in disputed areas could affect relations between the country within which the Unknownareas project is being developed and neighboring countries. Disputes would be dealt with at the

earliest opportunity.Note: For detailed explanation of each safeguard policy refer to the World Bank website, specifically,www.worldbank.orv/enviroinrent/op policies.htmn

3


4. Vulnerability

The direct environmental impact of the funded activities in SCCAP is expected to be small.Impacts are likely to occur mainly as a result of: i) agrochemical application (surface andgroundwater contamination); ii) cultivation, land clearing and construction resulting in soilerosion; and, iii) indiscriminate dumping of sediment deposits and other materials from canals,drains and structures, resulting in the loss of productive land and further erosion.

Only 14% of the country is arable and over 80% of the country is mountainous or hilly withslopes exceeding 13%. Thus, soil erosion is a major threat, particularly as agricultural activitiesintensify through this project and other similar projects. Erosion not only will cause the loss ofscarce productive soils but will contaminate river systems and affect aquatic ecosystems.

5. Probable Project Activities

It is not possible to determine prior to project implementation the various activities for whichloan funds will be requested. Earlier project preparation studies examined current agriculturalactivities in the Project region and it is assumed that for the most part the current activities reflectthe application to which loan funds will be designated. Table 5.1 provides a list of the mostprobable small scale agricultural activities for which project funding will be pursued. Table 5.2indicates likely activities for large scale farms and other agriculturally related activities(processing and marketing).

Table 5.1: Probable Agricultural Activities

ProbbleSmal'-cai'leiric'ulturag:

Activitisd-'' - 'r.

.Seed, cuttings (vines) and orchard stockpurchasesFertilizer

.Pesticides

.Irrigation equipment

.Tractor hire

.Small implements

.Spare parts

.Fuel and lubricants.Pedigree livestock for breeding.Animals for finishing.Farm buildings, storage sheds, cold storage.Fencing materials.Veterinary services.Breeding services

4


Table 5.2: Other Potential Activities (Large Scale Farms, Processing and Marketing)

.- ~ ~~ . .....-ActivityIn addition to those activities in Table 5.1:Tractors.Large irrigation scheme equipment.Grain drying equipment.Water supplies.Agro processing equipment including:

. dairy processing

. meat processing

. fruit processing. wine making

.Large buildings and cold store facilities.Farm expansion (land purchase).Market buildings and facilities

6. World Bank Environmental Assessment Requirements

The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine theappropriate extent and type of EA. The Bank classifies the proposed project into one of fourcategories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity and scale of the project and the nature andmagnitude of its potential environmental impacts. The four Categories are A, B, C, and Fl.Category Fl is applied to all proposed projects that involve investment of Bank funds through afinancial intermediary (FI), in sub-projects that may result in adverse environmental impacts. Thefinancial intermediary is required to screen proposed sub-projects and must ensure that sub-borrowers conduct an appropriate EA for each sub-project, where warranted. Before approving asub-project, the Fl verifies that the sub-project meets the environmental requirements ofappropriate national and local authorities and is consistent with the Operational Policies (OP)and other applicable environmental policies of the Bank. The Fis determine the category of thesub-project based on the World Bank's definitions as follows:

Category A: Includes projects likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that aresensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. A full EIA will be required. Mitigation may not be possiblefor some impacts.

Category B: Includes projects that have potential adverse impacts which would be lesssignificant than those expected from a Category A project and impacts that can be more readilymitigated. The scope of the EA for this category is much narrower than the full EIA required forCategory A projects.

Category C: Projects which are likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts fallinto this category.

5


It is important that the project management unit and the lending institution be able to identifyactivities for which funding is being requested and which may fall into either of the WorldBank's Category A or Category B.

Table 6.1 provides a list of typical projects for each of Category A and Category B.

Table 6.1: World Bank Categories for Environmental Assessment Purposes

. dams and reservoirs . agroindustries (small scale)

. forestry production projects electrical transmission

. industrial plants (large scale) . irrigation and drainage (smalland industrial estates, scale)including major expansion, . renewable energyrehabilitation, or modification . rural electrification. irrigation, drainage and flood tourismcontrol (large scale) rural water supply and. aquaculture sanitationl land clearance and leveling . watershed projects

. reclamation and new land (management or rehabilitation)development . protected areas and. resettlement biodiversity conservationriver basin development . rehabilitation of highways or

. manufacture, transportation rural roadsand use of pesticides or other . rehabilitation or modificationhazardous and/or toxic of existing industrial facilitiesmaterials (small scale).new construction or major . energy efficiency and energyupgrading of highways or rural conservationroads

7. Screening for Category A and Category B Projects

QUESTION: Does the activity fall into Category A or Cate2ory B Proiect?

To answer this question the loan officer should adhere to the step by step procedure in thefollowing:

6


-Sten I

* Does the activity have an irrigation or drainage component?

* If the answer is YES, proceed to Step 2.

* If the answer is NO, proceed to Step 3.

Steii2

* Does this project have a large irrigation / drainage component?(large = greater than 10 ha)

* If the answer is YES, the project will be a Category A project and the proponent willbe responsible for conducting a comprehensive EIA.

* If the answer is NO, the project will be a Category B project and the proponent willbe responsible of conducting a less comprehensive EA that will identify the probableimpacts and the necessary mitigation.

-- SteD 3

* Does the activity involve the significant regulation (e.g. by dam or diversion) of anatural watercourse?

7


* If the answer is YES, the project will be a Category A project.


* Does the activity involve the involuntary resettlement of people?

* If the answer is YES, a resettlement and compensation action plan will be requiredby the proponent. Unless the resettlement issue is significant, other aspects of theproject will determine the Category (A or B) of the project.


* Does the activity involve the use of fertilizers, pesticides or other chemicals in largequantities (to cover lands exceeding 2Oha in area)?

* If the answer is YES, the project will be a Category A and the proponent will berequired to provide a comprehensive EIA, with special focus on impacts as theyrelate to the use and handling of chemicals and on cumulative effects, and a clearplan for mitigating these impacts.

* If the answer is NO, but small quantities (on areas less than 20ha) of chemicals areto be used, the proponent will be required to demonstrate good management ofchemicals - their use and handling.

* If no chemicals are to be used, proceed to Step 6.

* Does the project involve the processing of agricultural produce on a small scale?

8


• If the answer is YES, the project will be a Category B project and the proponent willbe required to prepare an EA which will clearly identify potential impacts and themitigative actions to be taken.

* If the project involves the processing of agricultural produce on a large scale, theproject will be a Category A and the proponent will be required to provide acomprehensive EIA.

8. Identifying and Mitigating Impacts of Activities Not Included in CategoriesAorB

Step7

* To this point in the procedure, the major agricultural impacts have been addressedand the World Bank Category has been determined. Now the investment officer willassess the probable impacts of other agricultural and related activities (e.g.marketing).

* The investment officer is encouraged to refer to the impact/mitigation tables (Tables10.1 - 10.20)

* Table 8.1 indicates the important environmental components affected by variousagricultural activities.

* Proceed to Step 8.

-- SteD 8

9


* List possible significant environmental impacts that could result (as a guide, refer toTable 8.1 for most likely effects for each of the 20 activities).

* List the level of significance of each of the possible impacts (H,M,L) as indicated inTable 8.2.


NOTE: identifying the impacts is a judgement decision and is best made inconsultation with fellow loan officers

* Determine an overall score for magnitude of impacts (using Table 8.2 as a guide);noting that each impact of any one activity requires its own individual score - thecumulative score of impacts for any one activity will provide the overall score for thatactivity.

10


Table 8.1: Agricultural Activities (Inputs) Affecting Different Components of the Environment

Agricultural Inpmts

Ai -nquaiityr- j W | C) c H _0. m (Di 0.) -0 - CD

__ __L 0_Water quality - physical a H'

Soil ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 qult 0 chmia _ _ _ _ _ Soil quality- physicl _ M L H H M _ _ H0

Impoant EnvironmentalComponent P M Ca 'a~ ~~~ E. S-m a cn

Terrestrial~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ecoysem

0~4

- -

Microaclimater loss== = | | | |H|

Biodiversqity -lossmical H H -HWater ofqnturalty -cysical H =

Micoqliaticecoytm Airdiquality Los L |_ _ _ | |L | | | | | Water. qfnauraly cemcalses H H M Hj Hj

Soil quality - chemical EvHnHSoil quality - physicalM L H HMHHSoil Erosion H M H H M H Soil Fertility M MSalinization -…H

WaterloggingHIncreased surface drainage H M HGroundwater losses M M HTerrestrial EcosystemsSurface water losses H HBiodiversity loss H H HLoss of natural ecosystems H H L LNatural forest loss H HOther natural vegetation H H H LWeed invasion M H mInvasion of new speciesH H M

Aquatic EcosystemsBiodiversity loss H H L HModif. of natural ecosystems M H H M1 H Weed invasion HHIH__

Socioeconomic EnvironmentHuman health and safety 3 H H I H HFood contamination JH Increased floodingIHIncreased mudflowsf landslides ___M

Desertification M


H - potential high impact; M - potential moderate impact; L - potential low impact

12


Table 8.2: Guidelines for Determining Scoring of Each Impact

'Level of.Significance . Guidance for Signiffcance of. Score - . Examples'.lnpacts

None There is no detectable impact of any kind as 0 A procurement project witha result of the activity no direct impacts

Low Small changes, possibly measurable; 1 Market facilities: socialusually confined to a small area disruption and water

pollutionModerate Measurable losses, or system disruption; 3 Agro-processing: water

system able to continue without mitigation contamination.

High Substantial losses or system disruption: 5 Animals purchased forsystem would probably still function, albeit finishing: overgrazingat a lower level; an impact that is and/or deforestation over airreversible moderate area

Large scale erosionVery High Major losses of ecosystems or irreversible 7 Not applicable

system disruption; system unable tofunction without mitigation or majorcompensation programme; a large impactthat is irreversible

Note 1: The loan officer must consider the size and extent of each project. For instance,even though a land-leveling project would fall under the World Bank Category A, if itoccurs only over a very small area, the impact would be deemed low. Size and extent ofthe effects of the activity for purposes of determining level of significance of theimpact(s) will be a judgement call.

Step 9

* If score is less than 5 describe mitigative measures to be taken, and goodpractices to be followed, to address impacts (refer to tables 9.1 and 10.1-10.20).

* Ensure that mitigative measures are incorporated into conditions of loan.

* If score is 5 or greater, proceed to Step 10.

13


* Describe in detail the impacts likely to be experienced.

* Determine practical and reasonable mitigative measures to be followed.

* Discuss above results with Government environmental protectionagency for input and support.

* Finalize mitigative measures description.


NOTE: A score of 5 or more could be the result of two low scores (e.g. 2 and 3)

for different aspects of the same project activity.

7S _

* Prepare an environmental management plan (EMP) which describespotential environmental impacts and presents mitigation measures (seesample EMP attached).

* Prepare a monitoring schedule which will ensure implementation of mitigativemeasures and good practices.

* Monitor activity on a regular basis.

14


9. Agricultural Good Practices

Table 9.1 provides some agricultural good practices that should be considered to avoidimpacts. Most of these practices are considered in the tables in Section 10.

Table 9.1: Some Agricultural Good Practices - Towards a Protected Environmentand Sustainable Agriculture

Activity Good PracticesSeed, cuttings and orchard stock . selection of seed with lowest agro-chemical input

requirements to achieve high yields. selection of seed with minimal level of pest and diseasevulnerability. rigorous sanitation facilities and procedures for importedseed. rigorous sanitation facilities and procedures for exportedseed. extension services provide advice on appropriate fertilizerand pesticide applications. wherever possible, extension service to promotesustainable agricultural practices including IPM, minimumtillage, contour ploughing, crop rotations, and greenmanuring

Fertilizers . selection of best fertilizers for crop and prevailing soilconditions. application levels as per recommended by manufacturerand extension service

Pesticides . IPM is a priority and pesticides to be applied sparingly andonly where absolutely necessary. careful handling of pesticides; protective clothing andequipment to be used

Pedigree livestock N/ALivestock for finishing manure handling facilities designed to ensure zero runoff

Land rental/purchase . land to be rented or purchased not to be environmentallysensitive - check with government environmental officialsbefore finalizing agreement

Tractors . purchase of engine efficient tractors that provide highestratio of power and work to fuel input. tractors with high efficiency emissions control. tractors no larger than necessary for the most extensivework anticipated

Farm implements . implements suitable for minimal tillage and others whichare applicable to organic farming methods

Land preparation . contour ploughing, minimum tillage, grassed waterways,etc.

Small equipment . energy efficient equipmentGrain drying equipment . energy efficiency to be a prime concernIrrigation equipment . highest efficiency equipment

.__ equipment that assists in the use of irrigation water in an

15


efficient mannerVehicles . low emission vehicles and vehicles with high efficiency

engines (maximum work per unit of fossil fuel input)Farm buildings for stock, . location of buildings where least disturbance of resourcesmachinery, and chemicals required

. energy efficient building design including heating,ventilation. building design to minimize materials and use ofenvironmentally friendly materials

Storage facilities Same as aboveFencing materials N/APrimary processing equipment . high efficiency equipment including low emission fuels

___(e.g. gas, solar)Fuel, lubricants, spare parts and . safe storage of fuels, lubricants and chemicalsother operating requirementsVeterinary services . zero use of hormones and minimal use of drugs

. alternative medicine

10. Potential Environmental Impacts, Consequences and Mitigation

The following set of tables is intended to provide guidance to loan officers. Each tabledescribes for each of the probable activities to be financed under the Project, a list ofpotential impacts that can be expected, their consequences and the mitigation that will be

required to ensure that these impacts are either avoided all together or minimized. For

each activity a general summary of the following is provided:

Overall potential impact: None, Low, Moderate or High

Residual impact assuming mitigation is fully implemented. The residual impact is the

impact that still remains after mitigation has been completed: None, Low, Moderate or

High.

Risk: This is a relative rating as to the general probability that the impact will occurwith the indicated potential impact: None, Low, Moderate or High.

11. Cumulative Impacts

Many of the impacts that will be experienced will be of a low significance level. Even

residual impacts will be of low significance. However, loan officers and government

environmental officials must be aware that a number of low significant level impacts,

particularly in one confined area, can have a moderate or high overall level of

significance. This can occur not only within the project sponsored activities but also in

combination with other activities of the area. For instance, nutrient runoff as a result of

chemical fertilizer application made available through a project loan may have a small

effect on a local water course. However, a number of farmers in the same watershed

could also be borrowing money for the same purpose and the overall effect on the same

water course may be significant. Likewise, if the water course is receiving nutrient

loading from a municipal sewage treatment facility the runoff from the agricultural

16


enterprise will exacerbate the problem and could change a tolerable level of nutrientlevels in the water body to one of concern and seriousness. These are examples of thecumulative effect and loan officers must be aware.

17


Table 10.1Seed, Cuttings and Orchard StockOverall Potential Impact: MODERATE

'aoInVD ii~ imilfi ecd i i Required lii S dA

. positive impact;increased yields andfood security for thesmall holding farmer aswell as economic wellbeing.loss of biodiversity as reduced biodiversity .ensure important Government environment officials should beland cleared for new habitat is not disturbed consulted if there is doubt of the biodiversity valueorchards and vineyards of the site to be converted to orchard / vineyard

use of chemical . same consequences as . determination and Ministry of Agriculture extension services shouldfertilizers, and described for chemical application of optimum work with farmers to provide input managementpesticides fertilizers and pesticides quantities and advice

(see tablesI O.2 and scheduling for fertilizers10.3) and other inputs;

introduction of anintegrated pestmanagement program(IPM). Mitigation willbe moderately difficultwithout support of anactive extensionservice.

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW - MODERATERisk: MODERATE

18


Table 10.2FertilizerOverall Potential Impact: MODERATE TO HIGH

Potential Direct Potential Indirect Consequences - Mitigation Required RemarksIm pacts Impacts ____:_:_____._.._.__._

. reduction in soil modified soil structure in the long run, . fertilizer application in . extension workers should work closely withorganic content and reduction in soil possible loss of conjunction with crop farmers to develop application rates and best land

moisture holding productivity as a result rotation practices. husbandry and crop rotation planscapacity of insufficient soil Mitigation moderately

moisture easy since costs arehigh ______________________

. nutrient enrichment of . eutrophication of water . modified aquatic . optimum fertilizer . work closely with extension workers to developwater bodies bodies ecosystems quantities and best land and crop management plans

application schedules . potential impact on international waterscontaminated potable . loss of household should be planned.

water sources water supply; must Mitigation moderatelysearch for new source easy since costs are


19


Table 10. 3I Pesticides

Significance of Overall Potential Impact: HIGH

Dim _!, ecs,-,- 7 * _ - on_

. impaired health of . increased health costs; . training in the proper It should be determined if the governmenthandlers including those lost work time; lost handling and use of agricultural agency is developing a 1PM programwho store, sell, transport famnily income pesticides;and apply . introduce an 1PM

(integrated pestmanagement program).Mitigation will likelybe difficult.

impaired health of . increased health costs; . health wamings to Public education is required and this could be donefood consumers lost work time; lost wash foods; through the government agricultural agency and the

family income . use of appropriate NGO comnmunity. It should be determined if thechemicals that minimize government agricultural agency is developing aresidue and are least IPM program. Difficult because agrochemicalharmful to consumers; companies promote their products amongst farmers.IPM program. and farmers will generally adopt the immediateMitigation will be least cost chemical that does the jobrelatively difficult.

soil contamination . loss of soil . use of appropriate Difficult because agrochemical companies promoteproductivity pesticides that do not their products amongst farmers and farmers-will

have residuals or in generally adopt the immediate least cost chemicalwhich residuals do no that does the jobharm to soil. Mitigationwill be relativelydifficult.

20


ground and surface . impaired health of increased health costs; use of least harmful potential impact on international waterswater contamination local and downstream lost work time; lost pesticides;

water consumers family income . consider IPM. aquatic ecosystems biodiversity losses Mitigation relativelydamaged difficult.

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: MODERATERisk: MODERATE

Table 10.4Pedigree livestockSignificance of Overall Potential Impact: NONE

Potential Direct Potential Indirect Consequences Mitigation Required RemarksIm pacts Im pacts :; ___________.,_:_._._,___

Positive input leading to betterquality meat and wool;increased yields andincreased farm incomes

No negative impacts

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: N/ARisk: N/A

21


Table 10.5Livestock for finishingSignificance of Overall Potential Impacts: MODERATE TO HIGH

i in iC =nsffigi-i ~ C [mo acntsI [icests - X_i______ _________u_i___rie_dL_______e__a_s__

.carrying capacity of loss of ground cover . reduced productivity . ensure that pasture . work closely with agricultural extension servicespasture is exceeded . soil erosion . loss of soil carrying capacities are to develop pasture carrying capacities

loss of water holding . sedimentation not exceeded. potential impact on international waterscapacity . hydrological regime Mitigation is difficult.

modified resulting inflooding and droughtconditions

.in high altitude areas . reduced vegetation . loss of soil . ensure that grazing . work closely with agricultural extension servicesstock may threaten cover . sedimentation does not occur in . regular monitoringforested or other . soil erosion . hydrological regime protected or otherprotected areas . loss of water holding modified resulting in important areas.

capacity flooding and drought Mitigation moderatelyconditions easy.. reduced biodiversity

l livestock in a confined . high nutrient loading . management ofarea - concentration of in runoff waters leading manure; alternative tomanure to poor water quality confined quarters.

IMitigation easy.close confinement can loss of stock and . alternative to confined Loan application should be rejected if alternatives

result in animal diseases income quarters. Mitigation are not available.I__ __ _ __ _ __ _ ___ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ m oderately difficult.

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONERisk: MODERATE

22


Table 10.6Land PurchaseSignificance of Overall Potential Impact: HIGH

Potential Direct Potential Indirect Consequences Mitigation Required_ RemarksImpacts Impacts _ _________ :_._,,_-_.._____:_.._a:_l:_.__:-. ___:_Current non-agricultural Reduced biodiversity; Stream sedimentation Land not already being Loan officers should reject land purchase proposalsland may have loss of forest cover; soil leading to aquatic used for agriculture and if biodiversity will be threatened.biodiversity or erosion ecosystem changes which has watershed orwatershed protection biodiversity valuesvalues which would be should not be convertedlost to agriculture.

Mitigation should beeasy throughregulation.

Loss of livelihood- Further poverty Dependence on the state Small farmers must be Farmers will make the decision to sell on theirexisting small farmers made aware of the real own. No one is going to give them advice on howmay see financial gains value of land and how to manage their money.to be made (selling land to manage cash that theyto large farmers) but may have never hadonce money is gone, no before. No mitigation.land upon which tosustain themselves

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONERisk: MODERATE

23


Table 10.7TractorsSignificance of Overall Potential Impact: MODERATE TO HIGH

Mt-iii 'I ME d U~~~~~nse _nc-esiiainRqie

soil and water . loss of soil . loss of crop good practices to be . this is a minor impact and awareness to operatorscontamination from productivity productivity carried out by to refuel under safe conditions is all that would bemachine fuels and equipment operators required. Agriculture extension service can educatelubricants . loss of potable water . must find alternative Mitigation will be farmers, as well as loan officers

source of potable water moderately difficult.Soil compaction Runoff Erosion and Ensure equipment of a Large farms require large machinery appropriate

sedimentation size suitable for soil for the magnitude of the job.conditions. Mitigation

I will be difficult.

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOWRisk: HIGH

24


Table 10.8Land PreparationSignificance of Overall Potential Impact: MODERATE TO HIGH

Al Direct e Mitizati6in ~~~~~~Required RmisPotential irect Ipo al ts direct 'Consequences Mitigtion r Rem rksInipactsImas .

soil erosion . loss of productivity . contour ploughing . should be conducted in conjunction with otherloss of soil moisture required good husbandry practices including maintenance of

. optimal ploughing cropping residues (i.e. no burning). stream sedimentation . aquatic ecosystem schedules to ensure . coordinate with agricultural extension field

modified minimal time for servicesexposed soil. . potential impact on international waters

. modified hydrological . aquatic ecosystem Mitigation will beregime modified difficult.

. flooding and droughtconditions increased


Table 10.9Other farm implementsPotential Overall Impact: LOW - MODERATE

Potential Direct Potential Indirect i 'Consequences . i Required .Rem'arksImpacts Impacts ' ._' -_.,_, .___.__._____ .. .

Deep cultivation Loss of soil productivity Water regulation losses; Practices other than Difficult to change old ways. Agriculture extensioncontributes to soil and stream modified aquatic deep ploughing (e.g. service will be required to provide advice anderosion sedimentation ecosystems minimum tillage and demonstrate advantages.

direct seed drillingwithout disturbing thesoil). Mitigation will bedifficult

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOW - MODERATERisk: HIGH (traditional farming techniques are likely not to change)

25


Table 10.10Small implements and equipmentPotential Overall Impact: NONE

Pote jii ibIr JPoteliiilndieci Consequences p n o itigariiR id?'

Not Applicable

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONERisk: NONE

Table 10.11Grain drying equipmentPotential Overall Impact: LOW

- leialns T -. _=u*1fHigh electrical energy Energy consumption Not known If the opportunity to reduce spoilage and improveconsumption requiring use of more income is present, grain dryers will be used

fossil fuels


26


Table 10.12

| Irrigation equipment and irrigation maintenance; water suppliesPotential Overall Impact: HIGH

Potential Direct . Potential Indirect Consequences . .Mitigation Required Remarks , 'Im pacts: Im pacts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ._.. _______* _,,, ______, _____: ___; ___, _____

Reduction of Loss of water to other Water sharing plan to Water sharing plan will be challenging to preparegroundwater; extraction current and potential ensure equitable and implementof surface water users distribution. Mitigation

very difficult.Salinization; Loss of productive land Appropriate drainagewaterlogging system. Mitigation

relatively easy.Debris accumulation Loss of productive land Appropriate storage ofand erosion from upon which debris is dredging debris.irrigation channels and stored; Mitigation relativelydrain rehabilitation Erosion of debris into easy but may be costly.

water courses leading tostream sedimentationand aquatic ecosystemmodification and losses

Blockage of surface Modification and loss of No funding of projectswater flows (dams) aquatic ecosystems that will create dams.

Run of river is bestalternative. Mitigationdifficult if storagereservoir is required.


27


Table 10.13VehiclesPotential Overall Impact: LOW - MODERATE

Potential Direct otenti7alnro cMt ne dm

CO' emissions Contribution to Contribution to global Efficient engines and Not likely that efficient engines will be used andgreenhouse effect warming conservation of use. conservation will not be a priority

Mitigation difficult.Switch to ethanol blends Ethanol blending will be dependent upon a readyor pure ethanol; the supply of ethanol (maize and/or sugar production)latter would requireadoption of enginesspecifically for ethanol

I consumptiont


Table 10.14| Farm buildings for stock, machinery and chemical storage; marketing facilities

Potential Overall Impact: LOW

Pflotential Direct oeta niet ~ neune iiainRqie

Reduction in the amount Reduced income from Efficient design to Space for buildings has to come from somewhere.of land available for lower total crop minimize spacefood production production required. Mitigation

easy.


28


Table 10.15FencingPotential Overall Impact: LOW

Potential Direct 'Potential Indirect Consequences Mitigation Required RemarksImpacts Impacts , . iAspects of cultural None availablesystem may be affected

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: LOWRisk: LOW

29


Table 10.16Primary processingSignificance of Overall Potential Impacts: MODERATE - HIGH

.surface water .impaired health of increased health costs, .assurance that effluents .each processing operation will differ and for acontamination from downstream users; loss lost work days and are treated before number there will be no impacts; project designeffluent discharge (e.g. of potable water supply; family income; discharge; alternative must be submitted and reviewed; monitoring ofwhey from dairy damaged aquatic alternative source of ways of handling operations requiredprocessing, residues ecosystems potable water must be effluents (e.g. .potential impact on intemational watersfrom oil processing, or found; reduced recycling). Mitigation Mitigation will be a condition of the issuance of anany processing using biodiversity will be easy (but could enviromnental agreement.chemicals) be costly).. injury and illness as a . injuries and illness; . provision of This may come under regulations relating toresult of poor working lost work time; lost appropriate safety occupational safety.conditions family incomes features and protective

clothing; training on theuse of equipment;awareness of dangersMitigation relativelydifficult.

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: NONE

Risk: HIGH

30


Table 10.17| Fuel, lubricants, etc.

Significance of Overall Potential Impacts: HIGH

Potential Direct Potential Indirect Potential Mitigation Required Remarks,Impacts Impacts - Consequences .. ._._____._._._'

Soil contamination Loss of soil productivity Proper storage andLost revenue handling of fuel;

containment of fuelcontainers withinconcrete bunded area

Ground and surface Loss of domestic and Proper storage andwater contamination irrigation water supply; handling of fuel;

illness to humans and containment of fuellivestock; lost revenue; containers withinaltered and damaged concrete bunded areaaquatic ecosystems


Risk: LOW - MODERATE

31


Table 10.18

| Veterinary ServicesSignificance of Overall Potential Impacts: HIGH

PotentfiIlUMrec Poenlial IndireZ1".1 'PoIiAnfia ~~ ___ ~ redtgaImilill ac.I. s I._acts fequeUEMS V' -Meat and dairy products Human illness Organic methods of Only approved drugs and hormones should be usedcontaining hormones livestock husbandry but even these could have some long term, and yetand other chemicals should be applied; unknown, effects on humans

minimal application ofonly necessary drugs


Risk:LOW

Table 10.19Breeding ServicesSignificance of Overall Potential Impacts: NONE

I Pote,n,tial PoWenial Indr '< ' ion iReqiiMdV I'm acts esrpcs qlC~~!

Not Applicable

Residual Impact Assuming Full Mitigation: N/A

Risk:N/A

32


ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FORMAT

A. MITIGATION PLAN

Cost Institutional CommentsResponsibility (e.g. secondary

impacts)Phase Issue Mitigating Install Operate Install Operate

MeasureConstruction

_~~~~~~Operation

Decommissioning

33


B. MONITORING PLANCost Responsibility

Phase What Where How When Why Install Operate Install Operateparameter is the is the is the Is theis to be parameter parameter to parameter to parametemonitored? to be be monitored! be monitored- r to be

monitored? type of frequency ofmonitoring measurement monitoreequipment? or d

continuous? (optional

Baseline(Usually forCategory AProjects only)

Construct

Operate

34


Decommission

35


C. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING

1. Equipment Purchases (Tabular Presentation Preferred)

List:* Type of equipment* Number of Units* Unit cost* Total Cost* Local or International Purchase

2. Training/Study Tours

List:* Type of Training (Mitigation, Monitoring, Environmental Management, Other)* Number of Students

Current and Future Organizational Unit in Which They Work orCurrent and Future Title/Job Description

* Duration of Training* Start Date/End Date (for each student)* Venue of Training (Domestic or Abroad)* Institute or Organization to Provide Training* Cost (Local and Foreign)

3. Consultant Services

* Type of Service* Terms of Reference* Justification* Cost

4. Special Studies* Justification

* Terms of Reference* Cost

37


D. SCHEDULE

Present (preferably in Chart Form) Start Dates and Finish Dates for:

* Mitigation Activities* Monitoring Activities* Training Activities

This information should be on the same chart defining the overall project schedule(Project Implementation Plan)

E. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

A narrative discussion supported by organizational charts detailing:

* Responsibilities for mitigation and monitoring* Environmental information flow (reporting-from who and to who and how

often)* Decision making chain of command for environmental management (to take

action, to authorize expenditures, to shut down, etc.)

In short, how is all the monitoring data going to be used to maintain soundenvironmental performance-who collects the data, who analyzes it, who preparesreports, who are the reports sent to and how often, and who does that person send it to, orwhat does he/she do with the information-who has the authority to spend, shutdown,change operations etc.

F. CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL NGOs AND PROJECT-AFFECTED GROUPS

Provide documentation of the following:* Date(s) consultation(s) was (were) held* Location(s) consultation(s) was (were) held* Who was invited

Name, Organization or Occupation, Telephone/Fax/e-mailnumber/address (home and/or office)

* Who attendedName, Organization or Occupation, Telephone/Fax/e-mailnumber/address (home and/or office)

* Meeting Program/ScheduleWhat is to be presented and by whom

* Summary Meeting Minutes (Comments, Questions and Response by Presenters)

38


39


A2 Documentation of Public Consultation

Meeting Attendance SSCADP EA Public ConsultationsMostar

July 31, 2002

Ime IName Institucija lInstitution Kontakt informacije

Zeljko Ostojic Pubic Enterprise for the "Water 036/ 397-892catchment area of the Adriatic Sea"

Mirko garac Pubic Enterprise for the "Water 036/397-881, fax 397-catchment area of the Adriatic Sea" 883

Stjepan Bagaric Federation Ministry of Agriculture, 219-581Water Supply and Forestry

Samir Sunagic Water Supply and Forestry ofHerzegovina-Neretva Can

Marijan Bilic Beekeeper - Beekeeping Bilic

Ivan Bilic Beekeeper - Beekeeping Bilic

Zeljko Ostojic Individual

Miro Milicevic Vodoprivreda company, Ljubuski

Tomo Rupcic Vodoprivreda, Company Ljubuski

Zdenko Grbavac Chamber of Commerce of the West- 039 682-246Herzegovina Canton 063 329-360

Mile Bubalo Municipality Ljubuski

Srecko Jelcic FBiH Chamber of Commerce

Pero Raguz FDS, Stolac

Davor Vasilj <<Agrohercegovina>> Company. 039 832-791Ljubuski 063-323-521

Tomo Rupcic Water works Ljubuski 039 833-407

Mladen Gaspar Hepok - Winery Ljubuski 039 831-652fax 831-644

Franjo Trescec Hercegovina Produkt Company. 036 650-980Ljubuski

40


Marko Ivankovic Trade - West Herzegovina Canton

Pero Beno Trade -Herzegovina Neretva Canton

Milenko Soce "Plantaze Capljina" dd, Company

Dragan Kresic S.O. Capljina

Dragan Dadic P.Z. "Sunce", Capljina

Tormislav Vego O.V, Capljina

Karlo Popovic Agricultural Institute, Mostar

Marijo Leko Agricultural Institute, Mostar

Zijo Demirovic Municipality Mostar - South-East

Vjekoslav Bakula Ministry of Physical Planning and 039 682-164Environment of WH Canton

Natasa Slipicevic Ministry of Agriculture, HercegovinaNeretva Canton

Ribi6 Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Waterworks and Forestry

Jozo Juric Public Communal Enterprise 039 831-127"Ljubuski" doo

Mladen Vasic Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water 233-801works and Forestry

Erina Lasic Individual / citizen 219-581

Branimir Jokic Individual / Citizen

Ivan Stankovic Individual /Citizen

Zijo Isic Municipality Mostar - South-East

Almir Kazazic Agronomist, Konjic

Emil Novalic Municipality Mostar-North

Predrag Supljeglav Agricultural Cooperative "Tresnjaproduct"

Dragan Supljeglav Agricultural Cooperative "Tresnjaproduct"

Adis Saric Federation Ministry of Social Afairs,Refugees and Displaced Persons

41


Rasim Delic Federation Ministry of Social Afairs,Refugees and Displaced Persons

Kemal Balavac Agricultural Cooperative "Dubrave",Stolac

Halil Turajlic President of the Supervisory Board ofAgricultural Cooperative "Dubrave"

Huso Kapic PKF BiH

Mehmed Bebmen Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Mostar

Huso Kapic JAFFA-Komerc, Blagaj

Dino Djipa PRISM Research

Bosko Zaradic Individual

"Health Foods", Mostar

Enver Zeco "Health Foods", Mostar

Ahmed Dzubur "Dzemal Bijedic" University,Agromediteranian Culture Department

Hamid Tikvesa Individual/ Citizen

Hamo Abaza Individual / Citizen

Vladimir Trninic Faculty of Agriculture, Mostar

Andrija Raguz Stolacki podrumi

Nikola Raguz ZOHSS, Mostar

Marko Matic Faculty of Agriculture, Mostar

Jakov Pehar Agricultural Institute

Esma Kreso Bosna-S Oil Services Co.

Domagoj Bacic Bosna-S Oil Services Co.

Savo Radovic Bosna-S Oil Services Co.

Ivica Katalinic Bosna-S Oil Services Co.

42


Meeting Attendance SSCADP EA Public ConsultationsTrebinie

August 1, 2002

Rade Drinjak Municipality Trebinje 059 220-345

Predrag Supljeglav Agricultural Cooperative "Tresnjaproduct"

Savo Drinjak predsjenik Regionalne Privredne komoreTrebinje

Ilija Sukic referent za poljoprivredu u RPK Trebinje

Borislav Obradovi6 Reginalna Savjetodavna sluzba Trebinje

Olga Vidacic Regionalan Savjetodavna sluzba Trebinje

Mihajlo Mijanovi6 nacelnik Opstine Trebinje

Ljiljana Perovic nacelnik Odelenja za privredu i drustvenedjelatnosti

Rade Drinjak referent za poljoprivredu, Opstina Trebinje

Vesko Budinci6 nacelnik Opstine Ljubinje

Risto Perisic nacelnik za privredu Opstine Ljubinje

Ranko Lucic nacelnik Opstine Berkovic

Dobroslav Muratovic referent za privredu Opstine Berkovici

Ratko Vukoje nacelnik Opstine Bileca

Milivoje Radovanovi6 nacelnik za privredu Opstine Bile6a

Milutin Donlaga visi strucni saradnik za privredu OpstineBileca

Lazar Jokanovi6 Agroprom " Bileca

Simo Sulovic "Divin" Bileca

Dragan Bjelica "Berkovi6i"" Berkovi6i

Dragan Bukvic " Trebinje" Trebinje

Blaze Jokanovic " Lastva" Trebinje

43


Stevo Drapic " Ljubinje-koka" Ljubinje

Mihajlo Duci6 Udruzenje p6elara Trebinje

Veljko Vasiljevi6 Udruzenje gradana INVEST Trebinje

Rade Andeli6 Ijekovito bilje i etericna ulja, Trebinje

Dorde Mari6 Ijekovito bilje i etericna ulja, Trebinje

Viado Siskovi6 farmna koka, Trebinje

Drago Dangubic proizvodnja pilica, Bile6a

Zarko Dzaji6 farmer, Trebinje

Vlado Jankovi6 farmer, Trebinje

Ratko Jokanovic farmer, Trebinje

Radivoje Maksimovic pdelar, Trebinje

Nenad Vukoje vlasnik Mljekare Padeni, Bileca

Vico Obrad vlasnik Mljekare "Vipeks" Trebinje

Zeljko Rogan vlasnik AD "Rogan" Berkovici (proizv. iprerada mesa)

Savo Tarana vlasnik "DTS" Trebinje (proizvodnja iprodaja mesa)

Dusan Koljibabic direktor DOO "Ljubinje-koka " Ljubinje

Milan Stupar direktor AD "Popovo polje" Trebinje

Tomo Berak direktor AD "Agrokop" Trebinje

Gojko Lecic direktor AD "Plantaze" Ljubinje

Milivoje Janjos direktor AD "Hepok" Berkovi6i

44


Literature

1. Study A Ljubuski prepared by Consulting firm Anton Vukojevic - Ljubuski

2. Study B Ljubuski prepared by Consulting firm Anton Vukojevic - Ljubuski

3. Study A Trebinje prepared by Consulting firm Institute for Water Management Bijeljina(Office Trebinje - Bratic Radivoje)

4. Study B Trebinje prepared by Consulting firm Institute for Water Management Bijeljina (OfficeTrebinje - Bratic Radivoje

5. The World Bank Operation Manual ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESMENT OP4.01 January 19996. The World Bank Operation Manual PROJECTS ON INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS -

Applicability of Policy OP7.50 June 20017. FAO Program Environmental Assessment for Irrigation and Drainage

(http://www.fao.org/docrepNV8350E/v8350e01.htm 7/4/02)8. ENCIKLOPEDIJA JUGOSLAVIJE - SR Bosna i Hercegovina - JLZ Zagreb 19839. ENERGOINVEST Technology, Science Engineering No 4 November 197210. ENERGOINVEST Technology, Science Engineering No 18 November 1981

11. WATER PROTECTION ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE IN BOSNIAAND HERZEGOVINA Sarajevo, December 2001 - Hydro Engineering Institute Sarajevo

12. Detailed Assessment of Past Reports and Available Data on the Trebisnjica and Neretva Basin -Republika srpska - Zavod za Vodoprivredu Bijeljina 2002

13. Symposium on influence of artificial lakes on human environment - "Saopstenja" - ReportsTrebinje 1978

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