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Topic 2

Loyalty to one’s state, region, or locality as opposed to a national orientation

Emphasis on protecting local economic and social interests

Seek control of the federal government to foster sectional interests

Especially strong in the South

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Northeast – the states of New England / Middle Atlantic region – industrializing region – textiles, leather goods, iron manufacturing, machinery – new factory system of production

West – central and northwestern states / territories - small farms –food crops for home and larger market

South – southern states / the Cotton South – plantations, exporter of cash crops – “King Cotton” – Eli Whitney’s cotton gin revolutionizes cotton processing technique –expansion of cotton production and slavery

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Protective Tariff Second Bank of the United States Internal Improvements Land Policy Territorial Expansion Expansion of Slavery The Meaning of the Constitution States Rights v. Federalism

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1816 - first protective tariff 1824 - South fails to stop increased tariff“Tariff of Abominations” – 1828South Carolina Exposition and Protest

(1828)Webster-Hayne Debate (1830)Nullification Crisis: Jackson v South CarolinaCompromise Tariff of 1833

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Defense of the doctrine of States’ Rights

Sovereignty of the individual states

Limited power of the central (federal) government

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Created by the People

Constitutional issues to be settled by the Supreme Court not an individual state

No right to nullification and secession

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Created by Congress, 1816

Modeled on Bank of England

Private corporation Stock – private investors

and federal government Depository - private and

federal money - Issued federal banknotes

Provide loans Dividends - Northeastern

and foreign investors Restricted private / state

banks (“wildcat banks”) Controlled inflation North supports / West and

South opposes bank

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Jackson opposes the bank Considered it unconstitutional Withdraws federal funds Vetoes bank recharter bill Jackson v Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Nicholas

Biddle Election of 1832 issue Specie Circular 1836 / Panic of 1837 Independent Treasury Act Election of 1840

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Distrust of the federal government – (Tea Party?)

Seen by Jackson and “common man” as a victory over special privilege (Joe the Plumber v the elite?)

No central banking system until Federal Reserve (1913)

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Richard H. Sewell, A House Divided: Sectionalism and Civil War, 1848-1865

George Dangerfield, The Awakening of American Nationalism, 1815-1828