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World Englishes
Nov 5, 2008
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Activity 1
Listen to the following speakers andrate the on the characteristicsprovided on the hando!t
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What does "World Englishes#ean$
The Expanding Circle
China, Egypt, Indonesia,
Israel, Japan, Korea,
Nepal, Saudi Arabia,
Taiwan, Russia,
Zimbabwe, South Ari!a,
Caribbean Islands
"E#$%
The Outer Circle
Bangladesh, IndiaGhana, Kenya,
Nigeria, Malaysia,
Pakistan, Philippines,
Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Tanzania, Zambia"ES$%
The Inner
Circle
USA
UK
Canada
AustraliaNew Zealand
Krachu’s Three Concentric Circles
http://www.las.uiuc.edu/alumni/news/01summer_love.htmlhttp://www.las.uiuc.edu/alumni/news/01summer_love.html
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how any Englishes are there$
&a!Arthur's
!ir!le o
English
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%f we incl!de pidgins and
creoles & & &
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Neo-Solomonic (Solomon Islands)
• Orayt, mifla i go go lang (
salwater, lukawtim fish,
naw win i kem, naw mifla i (
go alebawt long kinu, nawbigfla win i kem naw, mifla ( (
go, no kachim ni ples i (
kwaytfla (
• !ery well "e kept going
on the sea, hunting fish,
and a wind arose# now we
were going in canoes, andan immense wind arose,
and we were thrown
around and ran $ery fast
(before the wind)
Is this English)
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The $ord's *rayer "rom +awaiian
*idgin ible%
-od, you our #adda. /ou stay inside da s0y. 1e li0e allda peopo 0now o shua how you stay, An dat you staygood an spesho, An we li0e dem gi2e you plennyrespe!0. 1e li0e you !ome King o e2erybody now. 1eli0e e2erybody ma0e 3ali0e you li0e, 42a hea inside daworld, Jali0e da angel guys up inside da s0y ma0e 3ali0eyou li0e. -i2e us da ood we need o today an e2ery day.+emmo our shame, an let us go #o all da 0ine bad stuwe do to you, Jali0e us guys let da odda guys goawready, And we no stay huhu wit dem #o all da 0ine
bad stu dey do to us. No let us get !han!e o do bad0ine stu, ut ta0e us outa dea, so da ad -uy no !anhurt us. Cu5 you our King. /ou get da real power, An youstay awesome oe2a. 6ass it78
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what kinds of '!estions doresearchers ask a(o!t world
Englishes$1& how are di)erent world Englishes
*socially+ perceived$
2& how recognia(le are di)erent worldEnglishes$ what factors in-!ence thisrecognition$
.& how is English !sed in the world$ how
sho!ld it (e !sed$ *in part, code/switching and lang!age policy+
& how do world Englishes di)er fro eachother or how are they siilar *pidgins
and creoles+$
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1& how are di)erent worldEnglishes *socially+
perceived$a. Matched Guise Test
$ambert, et al. "9:; ? @ ;#riendly Cold
6ependable $a5y
Stupid Intelligent
In reality the eBa!t same spea0er spo0e in English and #ren!h
#indings) oth English and #ren!h spea0ers ga2e more positi2e !hara!teristi!s toEnglish than #ren!h spea0ers
b. Real world applications
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$istener response sur2ey
Looked at ritish listeners perceptions of . ritish*34, West orkshire, iringha+ and . Aerican*Network, Ala(aa, N6+ varieties in ters ofstat!s and solidarity characteristics
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+iraga ">
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ritish attitudes 2s. Ameri!an attitudes
ritish "+iraga, >.irmingham
?.Networ0
@.N/C
.1est /or0shire
;.Alabama
Oerall
R*
Networ0
irmingham
1est /or0shire
New /or0
Alabama
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&di)erent world Englishes$what factors in-!ence this
recognition$
7 a!dio clips were taken fro the speechaccent archive created (y teven 9&
Wein(erger of :eorge ;ason . @.
http://classweb.gmu.edu/accent/http://classweb.gmu.edu/accent/http://classweb.gmu.edu/accent/http://classweb.gmu.edu/accent/
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7 = tracks *A!stralia, England, %ndia, %reland, >enya, New ork, cotland,o!th Africa, o!thern
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correct a ectidenti?cation (y native
English speakersD
;9 :
9
?>
@9
:<:>
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type of incorrect answersgiven
F Southern !S "##$% &idwest GS ?, Gtah ?, 1est Coast GS >,Rural GS >, England.
F England "#&$% Australia ?, South Ari!a ?, Northeastern GS >,Canada, #ran!e, S!otland, Gnited States, Caribbean, New
Zealand.F 'ew (or) "*+$ % &idwest GS 99, 1est Coast GS :, Canada ;,
Northern GS , Australia >, Southwestern GS >.
F ,ustralia "+&$% England 9D, New Zealand , Northeastern GS, South Ari!a ;, Ireland , Southern GS ?, Nothing >, Canada>, &idwest GS >, Northwestern GS >, Gnited States >, 1ales>, S!otland, Italy, G0raine.
F Scotland "+-$% Ireland ?, -reat ritain ;, Australia @, NewZealand ?, 1ales >, Southern GS >, &idwest GS,S!andina2ia, 1est Indies.
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F ndia "/-$% Ari!a 9>, Caribbean 9, Asia >, Zimbabwe >, ra5il >, 1estern GS>, Spain, Australia, 1est Ari!a, Egypt, Canada, Algeria,New Zealand, South Ameri!a, Nigeria, *hilippines, Russia,&eBi!o, #i3i, IraH, Israel, Aghanistan.
F reland "-0$% S!otland >:, Canada 9, England 9, GnitedStates >, 1estern GS >, Nothing, Argentina, India, &eBi!o,Norway, Spain, 1ales.
F ,1rica "Kenya$ "2+$% South Ari!a >9, Caribbean 9?, India:, Nothing ;, &iddle East , Canada @, -ermany ?, EastEurope >, #ran!e >, 1estern GS >, Southern GS >, NewZealand >, Northeast GS >, &idwest GS >, +awaii >, +ongKong >, IraH >, Ireland >, &eBi!o >, Netherlands, *a0istan,
*oland, *hilippines, Russia, Sri $an0a, Spain, GnitedStates, 1ales, Australia, England.
F South ,1rica "#02$% Australia @@, -reat ritain ?;, NewZealand 9:, Northeastern GS ;, S!otland @, Ireland ?,1ales >, Ari!a >, India >, Nothing, Canada, China,6enmar0, #ran!e, +awaii, Jamai!a, &idwest GS, NorthernEurope, *anama, *hilippines.
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type of incorrect responses
?<
9
: ;
9;
>
:
><
t t
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correct a ectidenti?cation (y non/native
speakers
>> 9 9D 9?
;@<
;
@
t di l t id ti? ti (
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correct dialect identi?cation (ynative *(l!e+ and non/native
*light (l!e+ speakers
D
;9 :
9
?>
@9
:<:>
@
;
9
;
>>
@
9?
9D
<
. h i E li h d i th
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.& how is English !sed in theworld$
English used to ma0e something
loo0 more ashionable,
modern, eBpensi2e
EBample= A is or Ambrella
The 2ery best stationery
or people who get eB!itedwhen they see English
all o2er e2erything
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Gse o English between two spea0ers,
neither o whom spea0 English as a nati2e
language
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EBamples
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EBamples
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EBample study= Ad2ertising and
1orld Englishes
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EBample study= Ad2ertising and
1orld Englishes
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EBample study= Ad2ertising and
1orld Englishes
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EBample study= Code
swit!hingmiBingnati2i5ed English
1e, that is the &atsumoto amily, li2e in a manshon, too. At thismoment, I am wat!hing beisubooru on terebi. &y wie is outshopping at a depaato, and later she will stop at a suupaa to getpoo0u !hoppu, pan, bataa, 3amu, and perhaps some soose3i orbrea0ast. &y daughter has gone to the byuu!hii saron to get apaama. 4h the terehon is ringing. 1e !annot li2e a day in Japantoday without these loan words.
$anguage purists lament the a!t. The nationalists would wipe outall oreignsounding words rom our 2o!abulary. ut where will theybe without terebi, ra3io, taba0o, biiru, and terehon)
&atsumoto, 9:D;
42er 9
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EBamples o Code &iBing
9. Es un . . . uh. . .. a!tory wor0er
>. Condu!tor "shouting in Swahili%=>. Condu!tor "shouting in Swahili%= #ugueni madirisha7#ugueni madirisha7 4pen the windows7
*assenger "welldressed% =*assenger "welldressed% = That is your job.That is your job.
?. Lena a!a. "!hild doesn't listen% Len a!a. "!hild doesn't listen% Come here now.
&. I went to Agra, to maine apne bhai0o bola 0i "then I said to my brother that% iyou !ome to 6elhi you must buy some lun!h.
+. A= 1ell, Im glad I met you.
= Andale pues. And do !ome again, mmh)
/. 1e2e got all . . . all these 0ids here right now. $os Hue estan ya !riados aHui,no los Hue estan re!ien 2enidos de &eBi!o "those that ha2e been born here,not the ones that ha2e 3ust arri2ed rom &eBi!o%. They all understoodEnglish
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Englishsamples
Spanishsamples
Total
Intersentential
/ear 9 ?D 9?. >.>
/ear > .9> >> 99.. ?. 9. . ?.;:
ResultsTable 9. *roportion o intrasentential and intersentential miBes
identiied in English and Spanish samples !olle!ted during years 9
and >.
h d ld E li h di) f
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& how do world Englishes di)er froeach other or how are they siilar
*pidgins and creoles+$+awaiian *idgin
. 3honological
a. Spelling
b. Si4pli1ication and reduction o1 consonant clusters and digraphs
ailan or island .
!. Si4ple owels that coer a ariety o1 shades o1 phone4e
arurut or arrowroot
orait or all right
d. , pre1erence 1or C5C5 or C5C spelling structures
bokis or box .
e. 6oss o1 seeral sounds
1. /th t and d
de or there, da or the
2. /l/ /o/ mental mentoM people peepo.
?. No r/ car !ahM letter letta.
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II. Semanti!s "!ont%
d. Coiningss0ylar0 to waste time
!ommess !onusion!ontro2ersy
e. Reduplication
san sun sansan sand pis ish pispis to urinate ben bend benben !roo0ed
wa0awa0a "wal0% wander perpetually,
to0to0 gossip
ain !ry ainain 2ery lo2ely
1. 6oanshi1ts
bush unpolished person
dash bribe
mobile to own a !ar
*assion wee0 wee0 beore pay!he!0 when you ha2e no money
http://users.rcn.com/alana.interport/skylark.htmhttp://users.rcn.com/alana.interport/commess.htmhttp://users.rcn.com/alana.interport/commess.htmhttp://users.rcn.com/alana.interport/skylark.htm
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III. &orphologySyntaB
a. 6ouble negati2es +i neba get no bu0
b. SL4 word order +i get da hawaian wai
!. No morphologi!alinle!tional mar0ers
loo0ed bin loo0 loo0ing be loo0
d. No !opula be Shi !raiin
e. No possessi2e mar0er Jan bu0 hauli hous
. Restri!ted prepositions
The guy gon' lay the 2inyl bin Huote me pri!e.
The man who was going to lay the 2inyl had Huoted me a pri!e.
g. #ormulai! eBpressions
there get here had
h. no plural
ma pi0in my !hild!hildren
dat tu man pi0in those two boys