WORLD FOOD DAYClimate is changing,

Food and agriculture must too

Malik Tariq Sarwar Awan, Food Technologist,Chairman Research Wing to Pakistan Flour Mills

Association,Editor, Wheat Milling News, PFMA .

Member Pakistan Society of Food Scientists and Technologists

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Damages by Malnutrition

• Poor nutrition causes 45% of all deaths of children under the age of five. About 5 million deaths under 5 every year due to Malnutrition related causes and diseases.

• Around 3.1 million children die every year from purely Malnutrition.

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Children damage

• Vitamin A deficiency affects 140 million children and is the leading cause of child blindness across developing countries.

• Some 20 million children are born mentally impaired because their mothers had an iodine deficiency during pregnancy.

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Hunger

• Some 795 million people in the world do not have enough food to lead a healthy active life. and Around 780 million of those people live in developing regions.

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Hungry Schooling

• Sixty-six million primary school-age children attend classes hungry across the developing world, with 23 million in Africa alone.

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Enough Food we have

• The world produces enough food to feed all 7 billion people, but due to uneven distribution around 1 billion remain undernourished and 2 billion suffer from hidden hunger.

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Where the Hunger is Worst ?

• Asia have 525.6 million Hungry People.

• Sub-Saharan Africa 214 Million Hungry People.

• Latin America and Caribbean 37 million Hungry People.

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Woman

• 60 % of the World’s Hungry are woman.

• 50 % of the World pregnant woman in developing countries lack proper maternal care resulting in 3,15,000 deaths every year.

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Children

• Every 10 seconds a child dies from hunger related diseases.

• 22,000 children die every day due to conditions of poverty and improper care and facilities.

• Each day nearly 1,000 children die due to Preventable water and sanitation related diarrheal diseases.

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What Poor gets ?

• About 896 million people in developing countries live on US $ 1.90 a day or less.

• 50 % of the Hungry people globally are from farming families.

• 663 million people lack access to clean water.

• 2.4 billion people don’t have adequate sanitation.

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Food Wasted Globally

• 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted every year, This amounts to US$1 trillion dollars of wasted or lost food as the World food production for human consumption is 3.9 billion tons.

• Just one quarter of all wasted food could feed the 795 million undernourished people around the world who suffer from hunger

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Stop Wastage

• Food waste in rich countries (222 million tons) is approximately equivalent to all of the food produced in Sub-Saharan Africa (230 million tons).

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Poor deserves Food…..

• A European or North American consumer wastes almost 100 kilograms of food annually, which is more than his or her weight (70 kilograms) or A European or North American consumer wastes 15 times more food than a typical African consumer

• Food waste in Europe alone could feed 200 million hungry people

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Global Warming by Food Wasted

• Food waste generates 3.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide, which accelerates global climate change

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Waste

• Food losses and waste amounts to roughly US$ 680 billion in industrialized countries and US$ 310 billion in developing countries.

• Industrialized and developing countries dissipate roughly the same quantities of food — respectively 670 and 630 million tones.

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% Losses

• Global quantitative food losses and waste per year are roughly

• 30% for cereals, • 40-50% for root crops and fruits and

vegetables, • 20% for oil seeds, meat and dairy • 35% for fish.

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Value

• The amount of food lost or wasted every year is equivalent to more than half of the world's annual cereals crop (2.3 billion tons )

• Per capita waste by consumers is between 95-115 kg a year in Europe and North America, while consumers in sub-Saharan Africa, south and south-eastern Asia, each throw away only 6-11 kg a year.

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New Entrants

•Worldwide, there will be 219,000 more mouths to feed tonight than last night. Many will have to go without eating.

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MDG

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How our world can improve

• better harvesting, • storage,• packing, • transport, • infrastructure, • market mechanisms, • as well as institutional and legal frameworks.

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Pakistan Scenario

• Out of 80 million hectare (Mha) geographical area of Pakistan,

• 22 Mha are cultivated.• Being arid to semi arid area, about 75% of

cultivated area is irrigated while the rest is rain-fed.

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Deficiencies• field-scale deficiencies of zinc (Zn) boron (B) and

iron (Fe)• The most widespread deficiency is of Zn, as 70 %

of the soils of Pakistan are Zn deficient and observed in rice, wheat, cotton, maize, sunflower, sugarcane, brassica, potato and in many other crops along with citrus and deciduous fruits.

• Boron deficiency is another major Nutritional disorder which severely affects rice, cotton, wheat, sugar beet, peanut, citrus and Deciduous fruits.

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Deficiencies

• The third field-scale disorder is Fe which has been exhibited in peanut, Chickpea, cotton, citrus.

• Copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) deficiencies are also observed.

• The mineral elements like Zn, Fe and Cu are as crucial for human health as organic compounds such as carbohydrates, fats, protein and vitamins.

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DAILY INTAKE FOR YOUNG ADULTS

• The daily dietary intake of young adult ranges from

• Fe 10-60 mg,• Cu 2-3 mg for,• Zn 15 mg for.

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MICRO NUTRIENT ELEVATION IN FOODS

• The contents of micronutrients in food can be elevated either by

• supplementation, • fortification or • By agricultural strategies i.e., biofortification

and application of micronutrients containing fertilizers.

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MACRO & TRACE ELEMENTS

TOTAL 16 elements, 9 essential elements have been classified as “macro nutrients” as these are required in relatively large amount.

Remaining are called trace elements, Essential trace elements are often called “micro nutrients” because they are required in small, but in critical concentrations by living organisms.

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elements essential

• The elements essential are C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, B, Mn, Mo, Zn, Cl.

• Out of these 16 elements, 9 essential elements have been classified as “macronutrients” as these are required in relatively large amount . These

elements include C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S.

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trace elements

The remaining of the elements

B,

Cu,

Fe,

Mn,

Mo

Zn are called “trace elements”

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Use of fertilizers

• Unfortunately, fertilizer application practice in Pakistan is predominantly in favor of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) only, whereas potassium (K) use is limited to a few high K requiring crops like sugarcane and potatoes.

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Bioavailability of all metallic micronutrients is significantly affected by soil pH, decreasing with increasing soil pH.

Solubility of Fe decreases a thousand fold for each unit increase in soil pH in range 4 to 9.

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Biofortification of Staple Crops, A Solution to Combat Malnutrition

• Biofortification is the process by which the nutritional quality of food crops is improved through agronomic practices, conventional plant breeding, or modern biotechnology.

• BIOFORTIFICATION PROJECTS INCLUDE:• Iron-biofortification of rice, beans, sweet potato, cassava and

legumes;• Zinc-biofortification of wheat, rice, beans, sweet potato and

maize;• Provitamin A carotenoid-biofortification of sweet potato,

maize and cassava; and• Amino acid and protein-biofortification of sourghum and

cassava.

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ESTIMATES

• according to an estimate, • over 60% of the world’s people are iron

deficient, • over 30% are deficient in zinc, • 30% are deficient in iodine, and • about 15% lack sufficient selenium in their

systems.

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ZINC DEFICIENCY results in:

• Zinc deficiency• Impairments to physical growth,• The immune system • Learning ability, • An increased risk of infections, • Damage to a person’s DNA • Development of cancer. • Pakistan is among countries whose populations are

at a 75% risk of zinc deficiency.

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Iodine deficiency gives rise to

• Goitre and Cretinism, which results in retardation in physiological development and other health problems.

• Iodine deficiency in many parts of the world has been compensated to some extent by the introduction of salt fortified with iodine including PAKISTAN.

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Iron deficiency

• Iron is needed to • form hemoglobin, • as anemia is a common disease in

underdeveloped or developing countries of South East Asia – including Pakistan – where humans do not consume enough of it.

• The absorption of iron is very low in the body – normally 5-10% of ingested iron is actually absorbed – so it requires substantial intake.

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Improvement in last 20 years• In past twenty Years children dying under age

of 5 are cut to half, it means more than ten thousand children saved every day.

• Extreme poverty rates are cut to half.

• In MDG 40 countries have already achieved First target, to have the population of people less affected by hunger.

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Great Success• 10 countries have achieved greatest success in reducing

the Total no. of Hungry people.• Armenia• Azerbaijan• Brazil• Cuba• Georgia• Ghana• Kuwait• Saint Vincent• Thailand• Venezuella

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Cost of Global Economy

• The cost of Global Economy because of Malnutrition is Equivalent to 3.5 trillion $.

• Poor Nutrition causes half of World’s Deaths.

• Hunger Kills more people every year than AIDS, Malaria, and TB combined

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WORK TOETHER

These events promote worldwide awareness and action for those who suffer from hunger and for the need to ensure food security and nutritious diets for all. World Food Day is also an important opportunity to send a strong message to the public: we can end hunger in this lifetime and become the Zero Hunger Generation, but everyone needs to work together to achieve this goal.

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PAKISTAN NEEDS ???

• Nations needs Agrarians Specially Food Scientists, Technologists and Nutritionists.

• Nation Needs INDUSTRY , ACADEMIA & RESEARCHERS to work together.

• GCU signs MOU with Pakistan Flour Mills Association and PVMA next week.

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Nation Needs you all

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THANK YOU

WE ALL DO SOMETHING FOR PAKISTAN,

WE ALL DO SOME THING FOR THIS WORLD WITH UNEVEN DISTRIBUTUION OF FOOD