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World History - Appeasement

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From Appeasement to War
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Page 1: World History - Appeasement

From Appeasement to War

Page 2: World History - Appeasement

Mussolini, Hitler and the leaders in Japan

saw the western desire for peace as a sign of weakness and responded with new acts of aggression

Page 3: World History - Appeasement

Japan wanted an empire similar to those of Western powers.

It seized Manchuria in 1931 When the league condemned them they simply left the League

Their early success at colonizing areas in South East Asia with no intervention from the Western powers strengthened their military and desire for conquest.

Page 4: World History - Appeasement

Mussolini also set out on an imperialist mission

In 1935 Italy invade Ethiopia, located in northeastern Africa

Although Ethiopians resisted bravely their outdated weapons were no match for Mussolini’s tanks, machine guns, poison gas and airplanes

Ethiopian King called on the League of Nations who placed sanctions on Italy but were powerless to enforce them

By 1936 Italy had conquered Ethiopia

Page 5: World History - Appeasement

Hitler also saw the Western democracies as being very weak

First he built up German military

1936 sent troops to Rhineland which bordered France

Germans hated the Treaty and Hitler's challenges to it made him popular at home

Page 6: World History - Appeasement

Western democracies denounced his moves but took no real action

Instead the adopted a policy of appeasement

Appeasement Giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace

Page 7: World History - Appeasement

Why the West Appeased Hitler•Fear of the destructive power of

modern technology• Widespread pacifism (opposition to

war) following World War I• Hitler’s actions seen as a

justifiable response to the harsh Treaty of Versailles

• Widespread economic depression• Hitler’s fascism seen as a defense

against Soviet communism• Faith in diplomacy and compromise• Misreading of Hitler’s intentions

Page 8: World History - Appeasement

Agree or Disagree with the following statement:

“World War II was in large part a

continuation of World war I.”

Provide evidence from the chart and your

knowledge of history to support your view.

Page 9: World History - Appeasement

US passed Neutrality Acts Forbid the sale of weapons to any nation at war

Outlawed loans to warring nations Prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of warring nations

Main goal of the neutrality acts was to avoid US involvement in a European conflict not to prevent a conflict

Page 10: World History - Appeasement

In response to Britain, France and the US, Germany, Italy and Japan formed what became known as the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis.

Become known as the Axis Powers Three nations agreed to fight Soviet communism

Agreed not to interfere with each others plans to territorial expansion

Page 11: World History - Appeasement

1936 Spain has a civil war Conservative Francisco Franco led a revolt with fascists and nationalists backing him

Soviet Union sent soldiers to fight back Hitler and Mussolini sent troops to help Franco

War took more than 500,000 lives By 1939 Franco triumphed and created a fascist dictatorship similar to Hitler and Mussolini

Page 12: World History - Appeasement

Hitler wanted to bring all German speaking people into the Third Reich

Believed he had the right to remove any inferior group of people from lands to make more space for Germans

“Nature is cruel therefore we too may be cruel… I have the right to remove millions of an inferior race that breeds like vermin.”

Page 13: World History - Appeasement

Austria Annexed Hitler had a plan called Anschluss – unification of Austria and Germany

He forced the Austrian Chancellor to appoint Nazis to key cabinet posts

When the Austrian leader refused to give into Hitler’s demands Hitler sent in the German army

Western democracies took no action and Hitler made a speech from the Hapsburg Palace to indicate his position as the new ruler of Austria

Page 14: World History - Appeasement

The Czech Crisis After Austria Hitler turned his attention to Czechoslovakia

First Hitler wanted 3 million Germans in the Sudetenland (part of north Czech) to have independence from Czech

Britain and France were not willing to go to war to help Czech and so Hitler increased his demands and said he wanted all the land as a part of Germany

Page 15: World History - Appeasement

The Czech Crisis Munich Conference – 1938

British and French leaders chose appeasement

Caved unto Hitler’s demands and persuaded the Czechs to surrender the Sudetenland without a fight

In exchange Hitler promised that he had no further plans to expand his territory

Page 16: World History - Appeasement

Returning from Munich, British Prime Minister

Neville Chamberlain told cheering crowds that he had

achieved “peace for our time.”

Page 17: World History - Appeasement

British politician Winston Churchill who had long warned of the Nazi threat

judged the PM harshly and said, “They had to choose between war and dishonor and they chose dishonor, they

will have war.”

Page 18: World History - Appeasement

Just as Churchill had predicted, Europe plunged rapidly toward war.

March 1939 Hitler broke the promise he made at the Munich Conference and took over all of Czechoslovakia

Democracies finally accepted that appeasement had failed

They promised to protect Poland which was the next likely target of Hitler’s expansion

Page 19: World History - Appeasement

What was the policy of appeasement?

What convinced Britain and France to end their policy of appeasement?

Why?

Page 20: World History - Appeasement

August 1939 Hitler stunned the world by signing a non-aggression pact with his great enemy Stalin!

Publicly the Nazi-Soviet Pact bound Hitler and Stalin to peaceful relations

Secretly the two agreed not to fight if the other went to war and to divide up Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe between them

Page 21: World History - Appeasement

Pact was created not on friendship or respect but because of mutual need

Hitler feared communism as Stalin feared fascism

Hitler also did not want to fight western democracies and the soviet union

Page 22: World History - Appeasement

September 1939 A week after the Nazi Soviet Pact German forces invaded Poland

Two days later Britain and France declared war on Germany and World War II had officially begun


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