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World History IIWorld History IISOL ReviewSOL Review
Industrial Revolution – Industrial Revolution – Russian Revolution Russian Revolution
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution Where – began in Where – began in England England because of its because of its
natural resources like coal and iron and natural resources like coal and iron and the invention of the the invention of the steam engine steam engine then then spread to Europe and the U.S.spread to Europe and the U.S.
Enclosure Movement Enclosure Movement – fence in common – fence in common fields to use land for raising sheep or mass fields to use land for raising sheep or mass producing food – puts small farmers producing food – puts small farmers out out of businessof business
Inventions – spinning jenny, Inventions – spinning jenny, steam steam engine engine (Watt), cotton gin (Whitney), (Watt), cotton gin (Whitney), process for making steel (process for making steel (BessemeBessemer), r), smallpox vaccine (Jenner), and rabies smallpox vaccine (Jenner), and rabies vaccine (vaccine (Pasteur)Pasteur)
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution
Population – increased (more food, Population – increased (more food, better better medicinemedicine, and healthier diets), and healthier diets)
Standard of Living – increased (products Standard of Living – increased (products became more became more affordableaffordable – machine – machine made)made)
Working Conditions – Working Conditions – long hourslong hours, , dangerous, low pay, etc… + preferred dangerous, low pay, etc… + preferred women and children (pay them less)women and children (pay them less)
Labor Unions – increase pay and improve Labor Unions – increase pay and improve working conditions working conditions + bargain with + bargain with employersemployers
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution
Urbanization – movement of people Urbanization – movement of people to to citiescities (crowded and unsanitary (crowded and unsanitary conditions)conditions)
Environment – Environment – pollutionpollution Transportation – faster (Transportation – faster (railroadrailroad and and
steamboat)steamboat) Women – increased demands for Women – increased demands for
ssuffrageuffrage (right to vote) (right to vote) Children – expansion of Children – expansion of educationeducation
Economic Theories - CapitalismEconomic Theories - Capitalism
Adam Smith Adam Smith – wrote – wrote Wealth of Wealth of NationsNations
Laissez-faire economics Laissez-faire economics – – government does not interfere in the government does not interfere in the economyeconomy
Laws of supply and demandLaws of supply and demand CompetitionCompetition Private ownershipPrivate ownership
Economic Theories - SocialismEconomic Theories - Socialism
Government owns and operates Government owns and operates major industries and small farms and major industries and small farms and businesses are privately ownedbusinesses are privately owned
Economic Theories - CommunismEconomic Theories - Communism
Karl Marx wrote Karl Marx wrote Communist Communist ManifestoManifesto
Response to the injustices of Response to the injustices of capitalism (some people are poor capitalism (some people are poor while some are rich)while some are rich)
Redistribute wealthRedistribute wealth Government owns and operates Government owns and operates
everythingeverything
ImperialismImperialism
Definition - the domination by one Definition - the domination by one country of the political, cultural, or country of the political, cultural, or economic life of another countryeconomic life of another country
Colonies – most expensive + most Colonies – most expensive + most control (ex. India was a colony of control (ex. India was a colony of Great Britain)Great Britain)
Protectorates – leave local rulers in Protectorates – leave local rulers in place but tell them what to do (ex. place but tell them what to do (ex. Egypt was a protectorate of Great Egypt was a protectorate of Great Britain)Britain)
ImperialismImperialism Spheres of Influence - an area in which an Spheres of Influence - an area in which an
outside power claimed exclusive outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges + least investment or trading privileges + least restrictive (Ex. China)restrictive (Ex. China)
America opened trade with Japan (gifts of America opened trade with Japan (gifts of technology)technology)
Missionaries – Christianize the people of Missionaries – Christianize the people of Africa and AsiaAfrica and Asia
Suez Canal – shortcut between Europe and Suez Canal – shortcut between Europe and AsiaAsia
Industrial Revolution – created a new need Industrial Revolution – created a new need for markets and raw materialsfor markets and raw materials
ImperialismImperialism
Armed Conflicts – Boxer Rebellion + Armed Conflicts – Boxer Rebellion + Opium War, etc…Opium War, etc…
World War I - CausesWorld War I - Causes
Militarism - European countries competed Militarism - European countries competed with one another to see which one could with one another to see which one could have the best army and navy have the best army and navy
Alliances – Central Powers (Austria-Alliances – Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire) vs. Allies (France, Britain, and Empire) vs. Allies (France, Britain, and Russia)Russia)
Imperialism – competition for coloniesImperialism – competition for colonies Nationalism – people of the same ethnic Nationalism – people of the same ethnic
background want a homelandbackground want a homeland
World War I - EventsWorld War I - Events
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand – spark that started the war– spark that started the war
U.S. enters the war (1917) – U.S. enters the war (1917) – unrestricted submarine warfare and unrestricted submarine warfare and Zimmerman noteZimmerman note
Russia exits the war (1917) – Russian Russia exits the war (1917) – Russian RevolutionRevolution
World War I – Major LeadersWorld War I – Major Leaders
Woodrow Wilson – President of the Woodrow Wilson – President of the U.S. (Fourteen Points/League of U.S. (Fourteen Points/League of Nations)Nations)
Kaiser Wilhelm II – leader of GermanyKaiser Wilhelm II – leader of Germany
World War I – Outcomes World War I – Outcomes Colonies participated in the war – Colonies participated in the war –
increased demands for independence (ex. increased demands for independence (ex. India wanted independence from Great India wanted independence from Great Britain)Britain)
End of Russian, Ottoman, German, and End of Russian, Ottoman, German, and Austro-Hungarian EmpiresAustro-Hungarian Empires
Lots of destruction, lives lost, and social Lots of destruction, lives lost, and social disruptiondisruption
Treaty of Versailles – forced Germany to Treaty of Versailles – forced Germany to accept guilt for war and loss of territory + accept guilt for war and loss of territory + pay reparations + limited German militarypay reparations + limited German military
World War I – League of NationsWorld War I – League of Nations
Peacekeeping organization Peacekeeping organization established to prevent future warsestablished to prevent future wars
Failed organization – could not Failed organization – could not enforce its decisionsenforce its decisions
U.S. never joined League of Nations U.S. never joined League of Nations (isolated) – did not sign Treaty of (isolated) – did not sign Treaty of VersaillesVersailles
World War I – Mandate SystemWorld War I – Mandate System
France and Great Britain became France and Great Britain became mandatory powers in the Middle Eastmandatory powers in the Middle East
Divided Ottoman Empire into new Divided Ottoman Empire into new countries (Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and countries (Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Palestine)Palestine)
British controlled Iraq, Palestine, and British controlled Iraq, Palestine, and Transjordan & France controlled Transjordan & France controlled Syria and LebanonSyria and Lebanon
Russian Revolution - CausesRussian Revolution - Causes
Defeat in war with Japan in 1905Defeat in war with Japan in 1905 Landless peasantryLandless peasantry Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II
(absolute monarchy)(absolute monarchy) Losing in World War ILosing in World War I
Russian Revolution - LeninRussian Revolution - Lenin
Led the Russian RevolutionLed the Russian Revolution New Economic Policy – goal (improve New Economic Policy – goal (improve
Russia’s economy) – socialism Russia’s economy) – socialism (meant to be temporary)(meant to be temporary)
Russian Revolution - StalinRussian Revolution - Stalin Five Year Plan – goal (make Soviet Union a Five Year Plan – goal (make Soviet Union a
modern industrial power) – command modern industrial power) – command economy (government controls everything) – economy (government controls everything) – production improved while standard of living production improved while standard of living remained poorremained poor
Collectivization of Farms – no more private Collectivization of Farms – no more private ownership – government farms or collectives ownership – government farms or collectives (work as a group) - did not improve farm (work as a group) - did not improve farm output (grain production grew slightly while output (grain production grew slightly while meat, vegetables, and fruits remained in short meat, vegetables, and fruits remained in short supply)supply)
Secret Police + Great Purge (destroy enemies)Secret Police + Great Purge (destroy enemies)