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Iraq
1. Huynh Thanh Nguyen 1258042 2. Le Hoang Phuong Anh 1258004 3. Ngo Thi Xuan Uyen 1258092 4. Pham Hung Thinh 1258076 5. Nguyen Tan Huy 1258023
Members
Introduction
From earliest time Iraq was known as
Mesopotamia, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
The people built advanced irrigation systems, developed cereal agriculture, and invented the earliest form of writing. They created a math system which our system is based on today as well as the wheel and first plow
Ancient History
Iraq land mass: 437,367 sq km
Desert
Mid-cool winters
Dry/hot/cloudless summer
Extensive floods caused by Near by mountain
Population :31,129,22
5
The people of Iraq
Iraqi Muslims are split in two groups, The Sunni and the Shia.
They share the fundamental Islamic beliefs
Main difference is political
When the Prophet Mohamed died, the Sunni believed anyone could be the religious leader, while the Shia believe only descendants of Mohamed could.
Shia is the majority in Iraq, but the minority in the middle east.
What is the difference between the Sunni and Shia
Social Indicators
US troops in Iraq
Nearly a quarter of Iraq’s children suffer from chronic
malnutrition. The probability of dying before 40 for Iraqi children born
between 2000 and 2004 is approximately three times the level in neighboring countries.
Three out of four Iraqi families report an unstable supply of electricity.
40 percent of families in urban areas live in neighborhoods where sewage can be seen in the streets.
More than 722,000 Iraqi families have no access to either safe or stable drinking water.
The jobless rate for young men with secondary or higher education stands at 37 percent.
Demographic Pressure
Group Grievance
Religious Violence
Discrimination
Religious conflict
Women in Iraq
Social indicatorsPopulation growth rate (avg. annual %) 2005-2010 2.2
Population aged 0-14 years (%) 2009 41.1 Population aged 60+ years (women and men, % of total) 2009 5.6/3.9
Sex ratio (men per 100 women) 2009 102.3 Life expectancy at birth (women and men, years) 2005-2010 71.7/63.
5 Infant mortality rate (per 1 000 live births) 2005-2010 33.2 Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) 2005-2010 4.1
Education: Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (w/m per 100) 2005-2008 65.8/83.
4UNESCO estimate.
Education: Female third-level students (% of total) 2005-2008 36.2
UNESCO estimate.
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 2009 25.5
Economic Indicators
Iraq's economy is dominated by the oil sector
Contains 112 billion barrels of proven oil reserves, the second largest in the world (behind Saudi Arabia)
Military Expenditures
Eight years war with Iran
Before the war:
Oil production: 560,000 m³ (3.5 million barrels)/day in 1979
Oil revenues: 21 billion dollars
After the war:
Depleted Iraq's foreign exchange reserves
Devastated its economy
Iraq suffered economic losses of at least $80 billion from the war
2. International economic
sanctions A near-total financial and trade embargo imposed by
the United Nations Security Council on the Iraqi Republic
Limitations on imports: no complete list of items that could not be imported into Iraq
Limitations on exports and the Oil For Food Program: the Iraqi people may face a further imminent catastrophe, which could include epidemic and famine
Allocation of export proceeds
72% was allocated to the humanitarian Program
25% was allocated to the Compensation Fund for war reparation payments
2.2% for United Nations administrative and operational costs
0.8% for the weapons inspection program
Effects on the Iraqi people during sanctions:
High rates of malnutrition
Lack of medical supplies
Diseases from lack of clean water
High infant and children death rate
3. International Debt
Iraq’s external debt following the end of the Saddam regime was approximately $130 billion.
Paris Club Debt Claims : $37.15 billion, including interest
Iraq’s debt to the United States: debt to approximately $4.1 billion.
Non-Paris Club Debt
Claims :
Two-thirds of Iraq’s debt is held by non-Paris Club countries.
Commercial Debt Claims:
Iraq’s debt to commercial creditors: $15 billion _ U.S. dollar: denominated debt accounted for 72% of all claims
_ Japanese Yen (17%) and in Euros (8%)
Regional Distribution of Iraq’s Commercial Claims
Political Indicators
Islamic State Army has more man than
expected Islamic State (IS) - formerly the "Islamic
State of Iraq and Syria" (ISIS)
Foreign observers estimated 20,000-50,000
IS have more than 100,000
The IS is extended from previous groups
Former military officers or children.
Former military officers or children
Children appeared in the training camp. Members divided between Iraq and Syria. Expert in logistic and business.
The target to eliminate all races, religions and differences sects are making IS fall into
"deep end" in Iraq.
August, 2014, army recaptured Mosul dam and launched an assault to retake Tikrit.
Sunni tribe unite
Why Iraq become a failed state
The Iran-Iraq war, the Kuwait war. Turmoil and poverty. The IS event have been stunning.
Conclusion
Security apparatus of Iraq
PM Abbadi has sacked dozens of army and police officers in an effort to restructure and improve security forces
Thank for your attention