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Demography
The study of population- #’s
- Ethnicities
- Common characteristics
- Distribution/ Density
Growth Rates• Death rate: # of ppl that die every
year per 1,000• Birth rate: # of ppl born every year
per 1,000
• Natural Increase (growth rate)= BR – DR
Growth Rates• Life expectancy- average number of
years ppl live w/ in a given population• Fertility rate- # of babies a woman is
expected to have in her life• Infant mortality rate- # of deaths of
infants under 1 yr. per 1,000 live births
• Child mortality rate- # of deaths of children ages 1-5 per 1,000
Growth Rates
• Doubling time:–# of yrs. it takes a pop. to
double in size
–Parts of Asia, Africa, Latin Am. = 25 yrs.
–Wealthy countries = 300 yrs.
Nairobi, Kenya
Mumbai, India
Rapid growth leads to a demand on resources that often cannot be met…
Sudan
Ethiopia
Even more severe in places with extreme climates…
Growth Rates• Zero Population Growth
occurs when BR = DR–Usually happens only in wealthy
countries–Most rural/poorer areas have
tradition of many kids (farm work)
Negative Pop. Growth
• Occurs when DR > BR–Not enough workers
–Labor must be brought in problems b/w different cultures
Baby-O-Matic
Baby-O-Matic
• Family Life: status of woman in household, ability to make decisions
• Education: More educ = fewer children, esp. for women
• Social Security: need more kids if no way to support themselves in old age
• Status Symbol: Large families can be seen as impt to culture; others, it’s personal success
Baby-O-Matic
• Time & $ Management: children are a drain on parents in some areas; an economic asset in others
• Health: with high chance of IM, ppl will have more kids as “insurance”
• Personal Beliefs: Society says if lg. or sm. is good; what shape is society in?
• Timing: Longer you wait = fewer kids; career minded ppl have fewer kids
Population Distribution
• Pop. Dist. = pattern of human settlement
• Due to inhospitable land, ppl only live on 1/3 of Earth’s land
• Ecumene= portion of earth occupied by permanent human settlement
• Need 3 things:–Available water, fertile soil, & a good
climate
Population Density• Pop. Dens.= ppl per sq. mile
–Total population / total land area(arithmetic pop. dens.)
• Some countries have wide open areas= low pop. dens.
• Some are tinier countries= high pop. dens.–Ex: Belgium & Niger
In Bangladesh- one of most densely populated countries in world
Population Density• Uneven distribution- not all land is
usable–Egypt: 99% of pop. lives w/in 20
miles of Nile the rest is desert–Use physiological pop. dens. =
• Total population / total arable land
–181 ppl/sq. mile vs. 5,807 ppl/sq. mile
Migration
• Between countries:–Emigrants in home country
–Immigrants in new country
• Reasons to leave:–Push vs. Pull Factors
Population Pyramids
Follow Historical Events
Demographic Transition Model
Get out about 4 colors/highlighters