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Major World Religionsand Belief Systems
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What is religion?
is often defined as any specific system of
belief about deity, often involving
rituals, a code of ethics, an Religion d aphilosophy of life
The major religions in the world include
monotheistic religions and eastern
religions
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Major Religions and
Belief Systems
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Confucianism Founder: Confucius
Confucianism is more of a belief systemthan a religion No gods
Sacred Texts: Lun yu, the Wu-ching, andthe Ssu Shu 6.43 million followers
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Confuscianism A system of moral conduct based on the teachings of
Confucius
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Confucianism
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Confucianism 5 major relationships are also stressed to create order:
ruler and subject
parent and child
husband and wife
elder sibling and younger sibling
friend and friend
Focus on family and filial piety
filial piety focuses on repaying the kindness of parents and elders
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Daoism You may also see it spelt as taoism Pronounced DOW-ism Lead figure is Laozi (translates to wise old
master) 398 million people follow emphasis on harmony with nature
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Daoism Laozi taught that the goal in life was to
achieve oneness with the Dao (the way) The Dao is a universal force connected tonature
Only true laws are the laws of nature In order to achieve this oneness a person is
to lead a balanced life in tune with nature
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Daoism Harmony comes from
balancing the oppositeforces of nature, yin and
yang Belief that good andbad are connected andaccept both
Belief in the wuwei oraction through non-action
Major influence on
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Buddhism Siddhartha Guatama or The Buddha
or The Enlightened One Sixth or Fourth Century b.c. Sacred writings include: Tripitaka (The
Three Baskets), the sutras, and thetantras
373 million followers
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Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama is known to have been a prince in his early life
It is believed that his mother dreamed that a radiant, white elephant cameand descended to her from heaven
To many prophets this is seen as a sign that the boy would become a holyman
To keep from doing so Gautamas father kept him in their palace to
ensure he would become a ruler At the age of 29, Gautama set out of his palace for the first time
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Buddhism Wandering the streets outside his palace, Gautama, saw the suffering of
the world for the first time
deeply disturbed he set out to discover a realm where there is neithersuffering or death Gautama wandered for years seeking answers from Hindu monks
Unable to find a good answer he decided to sit under a tree until he foundthe answers to the mystery of life
Throughout the night, legend says, he was tempted by many demons butwas able to ward them off When he woke he declared himself the Buddha or the enlightened one
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Buddhism
Buddha spend the rest of his life teaching theFour
Noble
Truths
These include:
All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow
Cause of suffering is non-virtue (negativity, hatred, or desire)
The only cure to suffering is to overcome non-virtue
The way to overcome non-virtue is to follow the Eightfold Path
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Buddhism
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Hinduism
There is no single founder believed to have started around 1500 b.c. Sacred text- Vedas Polytheistic
Grew out of overlapping beliefs of diverse groups in Indiamaking it the worlds most complex religion
837 million followers
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Hinduism Countless gods and goddesses and many
forms of worship
Despite complexity many certain, basicbeliefs Belief in spiritual force called brahman God is one, but wise people know it by
many names Everything is part of brahman
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Hinduism
Brahma- The Creator
Vishnu- The Preserver Shiva-The Destroyer
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HinduismBecause most people cant achieve mokshain one lifetime they are reincarnated (rebirthof the soul into another body)
Reincarnation allows people to keepworking toward MokshaObeying the law of karma will bring a personto moksha
Karma= the action in a persons life whichaffects their fate in the next life (what goesaround comes around)
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Hinduism
Brahman
Humans
Animals
Plants
Objects
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HinduismWheel symbolizes the cycle of death and rebirthin order to escape wheel of fate one mustpractice good dharma
dharma= religious moral duties of the individualduties depend on age, class, occupation, and
gender
Moral principle of ahimsa, or nonviolence
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Hinduism- Caste System
Class division in India reflects social andeconomic roles rather than ethnicdifferencesThere is a complex system of castes, orsocial groups
born into, rarely changeclosely linked to Hindu beliefs
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Hinduism- Caste SystemA high caste= purer and closer to brahmanlower caste= farther from brahman and moreimpure
your caste determines aspects of your lifedespite inequalities caste system ensures orderKarma determines your caste
different castes depend on each otherlower caste carpenter built house for uppercaste homeowner
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Islam Emerged from the Arabian Peninsula
Founder, Muhammad, was born in Mecca in 570 A.D.
Muhammad was a shepard in his early life and later a wealthy merchant
At the age of 40 it is said that Muhammad heard the voice of an angel, Gabriel,who called on him to be a messenger of God
Islam is arabic, which is the official language of the religion, for to submit toGod
Muhammad devoted his life to spreading Islam
Today there are 1.25 billion followers
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IslamMuhammad urged Arabs to give up pagan beliefs and submit to one trueGod, Allah
Allah= arabic for God
At first the teachings of Muhammad were rejected
In 622 A.D., faced with the threat of murder, Muhammad left Mecca withhis followers to Yathrib
Yathrib was renamed Medina and 622 A.D. marks the birth of Islam
622 A.D. is the first year in the Muslim calendar
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Islam Why do you never
see pictures of
Muhammad? People who practice
Islam are called what?
What is the Islamicholy book?
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Islam
The Islamic symbol consists ofa crescent moon and a star.
The start of the muslim calendaris the sighting of the crescentmoon.
The star symbolizes the fivepillars of Islam.
Muslims gather to worship in amosque
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Islam- Teachings of Islam
Monotheistic
Muhammad preached that Allah is allpowerful and compassionate
Islam does not require priests to mediate
between the people and AllahThe Quran:
teaches that people are responsiblefor their own actions
Allahs will and provides a guide for
lifeemphasizes honesty, generosity, andsocial justice
harsh penalties for crime and murder
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Five Pillars of Islam1. Profession of faith (shahadah)2. Pray five times a day (salat)
3. Charity (zakat)4. Fasting during Ramadan (sawm)5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)
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Christianity Jesus of Nazareth is believed to
have been born in 4 b.c. in atown called Bethlehem
According to the Bible he was
a descendent of King David ofIsrael The Gospel says that an angel
appeared and told Jesussmother, Mary, that she would
give birth to the Messiah He known as the son of the
highest God
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Christianity Jesus grew up in Nazareth,
worshipping God and followingJewish law
He may have been a carpenter At age 30, began preaching Word spread throughout Israel
that he was performing miracles Eventually recruited 12 disciples His disciples were called apostles
which is Greek for a person sentforth
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Christianity The teachings of Jesus were firmly rooted in Jewish
traditions Believed in one God and 10 Commandments
Also preached new beliefs, including: Jesus called himself the Son ofGod Spiritual salvation and eternal life to anyone who believed
him Emphasized Gods love and taught need for justice,
morality, and service to others Taught forgiveness
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Christianity Jesus traveled to Jerusalem near
the Jewish holiday, Passover To Roman authorities Jesus was
a threat He was betrayed by a disciple
and condemned to death percrucifixion
Later, disciples claimed thatJesus rose from the dead andascended to heaven
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Christianity What are some
religions that fallunder christianity?
How manychristians are therethroughout theworld?
What is thechristian holy bookcalled?
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Christianity
The Christian symbol isknown as the cross
The cross symbolizesthe way Jesus died.You may see a plaincross. You may also seea cross with the figure ofJesus on it. This iscalled a crucifix
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Christianity Christians believe in the Trinity The Trinity consists of three figures:
Father Son Holy Ghost
To join the Christian faith one must
be baptized Sunday is a day of worship where
thanks is given to God
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Judaism It is believed that Judaism was developed 4000 years ago by
ancient Israelites Israelites are also known as Hebrews and Hebrew has become
the official language of Judaism 1st monotheistic religion Believe in an all knowing and all powerful God who is present
everywhere Laws and events are recorded in the Torah, the holy book Today, 14.6 million people practice Judaism
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J d i
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Judaism The Torah or The Book of Law
governs Judaism and Jews. Patriarchal society (authority to men) Ten Commandments- a set of laws Jews
believe God gave them through Moses Hebrew is the spoken language of
Judaism
Jews worship in a temple
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