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Rise of Totalitarian RegimesBy 1930s totalitarian regimes
emerged in Russia, Italy, Germany, Japan
All four wanted to expand
territory & power in
their sphere
Hitler Learns LessonsJapan-1931 invaded & took over
Manchuria; League of Nations condemned Japan but did nothing else. 1937 invaded China for valuable ports
Italy-1935 Mussolini invaded & took over Ethiopia; League of Nations sanctioned (stop trade), but sanction was ineffective
Hitler Learns Lessons
Germany-Hitler sees League of Nations do nothing to stop them
In 1936, Spain had Civil War between Fascist Francisco Francisco FrancoFranco & Spanish who wanted democracy; Germany assisted Franco & used war as opportunity to “practice” air-raid bombings
Vehemently Violating VersaillesHitler wanted lebensraum
(living space) for GermansMarch 1936 moves troops
into RhinelandRhinelandMarch 1938 invades
AustriaAustria & makes it part of GermanyWestern countries & League of
Nations do nothing (appeasementappeasement—agreeing to demands to avoid war)
Salivating over the Sudetenland Germans were living in part of
Czechoslovakia, so Hitler demands Sudetenland
Sept 1938 Munich Conference—compromise reached: Germany takes Sudetenland, but no more
Salivating over the SudetenlandBritish Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain says Europe has avoided war (but he’s wrong)
March 1939 Hitler breaks Munich Agreement & takes all of Czechoslovakia
Enemies Become Allies??Stalin & Hitler do not like each other;
Stalin has warned West about Hitler, but West does not trust Stalin either, SO…
August 1939-Nazi- Soviet Pact—USSR will not attack Germany & will divide Poland
World War 2 BeginsSept 1, 1939—Germany invades
PolandSept 3, 1939—England & France
declare war on Germany, but do not fight Germany for 8 months (time period known as Phony War)
World War 2 BeginsBlitzkrieg-“lightening war”-fast,
efficient attacks used by Germans; quickly take Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Finland, Denmark, Norway
West slow to arm, have old weapons; Hitler has new weapons
Chamberlain resigns; Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister
Fall of FranceFrench built
Maginot Line after WW1, but had gap near Belgium
June 1940— Germans go around Maginot Line & take Paris
Fall of FranceFrance split:
1.Nazis occupy northern France2.Hitler creates Vichy Vichy
governmentgovernment in South France (French leaders who work with Nazis)
3.Free France—rebels led by Charles de Charles de GaulleGaulle fought Nazis from England
Battle of BritainEngland only allied country left; Hitler
felt would surrenderGerman air force
bombed England for 8 straight months; England held off Germans
Hitler Turns on StalinHitler felt USSR would provide
enough living space for Germans; led surprise attack in June 1941 & pushed close to Moscow; but…
Stalin used scorched- earth policy to stop Germans; USSR counter- attacked
Meanwhile...July 1940-Italy declared war on
England & France; attacked Egypt
Dec 1941-Japan attacked Indochina. US responded to attack by banning sale of scrap iron to Japan
Pearl HarborJapan mad at US for interfering with
expansionDec 7, 1941—Japan
bombed Pearl HarborPearl Harbor (Hawaii); US declared war on Japan
1942-Tide TurnsBattle of the Atlantic—Allied forces
defeat Axis submarines & battleshipsStalingrad—German army was held &
forced to surrender to RussiansEl Alamein, Egypt-
Allies defeated Rommel’s desert forces in North Africa
Invading ItalyJuly 1943—Allies attack ItalyItalian king Victor Emmanuel III
had Mussolini jailed; Italy surrendered
V-E DaySoviets attacked Germany from
east; fought to Berlin by April 1945
May 7, 1945- V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
Germany
surrenders
Map #1: Ambitious AdvancesMap #1: Ambitious AdvancesWith 1 color, identify Axis expansion and
Axis military victories; with another color identify Allied advances and military victories
Create a key that explains your symbols & color code
Identify, date, and label the following: invasions of Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia, Poland, & Eastern Europe; Attacks on France, England, & Russia
Map #2: Allied Counter-StrikeMap #2: Allied Counter-StrikeWith 1 color, identify Axis expansion and
Axis military victories; with another color identify Allied advances and military victories
Create a key that explains your symbols & color code
Identify, date, and label the following: Battle of the Atlantic, Stalingrad, El Alamein, invasion of Italy, invasion of Normandy & push to Germany, Soviet push to Berlin in east