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World War I
1914 – 1918 (1919)
Background
Europe has been at peace for 30 years into 1900s
Whole generation that does not know the “reality” of War
Long Term Causes
1. Nationalism Deep feelings for own
country Countries as rivals
Reasons for Rivalries (Nationalism)
Competition for resources Germany challenging
England’s Industrial power
France wants Alsace-Lorraine back from Germany
Austria-Hungary and Russia fight over Balkan region (who want independence)
Long term causes
2. Imperialism Competing for
colonies Dominating a weaker
territory either politically, economically, and/or socially
Long term Causes
3. Militarism Glorifying military
power and keeping standing army (always ready for war)
England is only county in Europe without one at beginning of war
Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany)
Long Term Causes
4. Alliances Meant to keep peace,
but leads to World War
Alliances
Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Italy Formed to keep France
from getting too powerful
Germany breaks treaty with Russia
Russia aligns with France
Wilhelm builds navy England scared and
joins alliance
Alliances
Triple Entente France, England,
Russia
Immediate Cause
“Powder Keg” of Europe The Balkans
Russia and Austria fight over territory
Austria takes Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia
Immediate Cause (1914)
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (of Austria) tours Sarajevo
Shot and killed by Serbian Gavrilo Princip (Black Hand)
Austria takes it as a sign of Serbian aggression
Germany encourages Austria to declare war on Serbia (promises to help)
Austria’s Ultimatum
To Serbia No more anti-Austrian
activity and other types of harsh demands
Serbia agrees with some
Austria declares war anyway
Russia backs up Serbia
War begins
Powder Keg is lit with the assassination
Alliance system falls apart (new ones form)
World War I becomes largest war ever