WORLD WAR I

Chapter 29

A. 5 CAUSES FOR WAR 1. Nationalism

a. caused intense rivalry among nations 2. Imperialism

a. compete for colonies in Africa and Asia b. fighting for resources

3. Militarism a. European arms race; plans for war b. Build up of military

A. 5 CAUSES (CONT’D) 4. Alliance System

a. Growing rivalries and mutual distrust had led to the creation of several military alliances among the Great Powers as early as 1871

b. Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

c. Triple Entente – France, Britain, Russia, Serbia

ALLIANCE SYSTEM (CONT’D)

A. 5 CAUSES (CONT’D) 5. “Straw that broke the camel’s

back”Assassination of a key member of

society Archduke Franz Ferdinand - Heir to the Austro-

Hungarian throneVisiting Serbia to get create a peace

treaty Gavrilo Princip, (wannabe) member of The

Black Hand (Serbian Nationalist group)Shot them as part of his initiation

Austria presented Serbia with ultimatum Agreed to most demands/ have others

settled by international conference Serbia Rejected; Austria declared war

ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND, HIS FAMILY, AND HIS ASSASSINATION

THE GUY THAT DID IT

POSTER QUESTIONS Draw a picture and explain how you see each of the 5 causes of WWI in today’s worldWhere do you see Nationalism?Where do you see Imperialism?Where do you see Militarism?Where do you see Alliance Systems?Who’s assassination would cause World War III?

DECLARATION OF WAR Austria-Hungary on Serbia on July 28th Russia announces full mobilization of its

armed forces on July 31, 1914 Germany, taking Russia’s mobilization as a defacto declaration of war, declares war on Russia on August 1, 1914:

Germany declares war on France on August 3, 1914:

Germany declares war on neutral Belgium and invades in a right flanking move designed to defeat France quickly. As a result of this invasion, Britain declares war on Germany. August 4, 1914:

B. THE GREAT WAR BEGINS 1. Nations take sides

a. Central Powers 1. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman

Empireb. Allies

1. Great Britain (England), France, Russia

c. Italy 1. Began as a Central Power Member 2. Overthrew King and went to Allies

side

C. A BLOODY STALEMATE 1. Western Front

a. Dead locked region in Northern France 2. The Conflict Grinds Along

a. Schlieffen Plan 1. German Military Plan 2. Defeat Russian then go to Western

Franceb. Battle of the Marne

1. German forces entered Francec. Stalemate

1. No military Advances

C. A BLOODY STALEMATE (CONT’D) 3. War in the Trenches

a. Trench Warfare 1. Live in the trenches (really BIG ditch)

b. No man’s land 1. area between trenches

c. Terrain of Death 1. Where all the dead bodies are laid

d. New Tools of War 1. Gas Masks, Chemical Warfare, Mines,

New Guns

D. BATTLE ON THE EASTERN FRONT 1. Eastern Front

a. Fighting in Russia 2. Early Fighting

a. Russian Forces attacked Germany b. Russian Forces attacked Austria-Hungary

3. Russia Struggles a. Lack of Industrialization

1. No Factories b. Lack of Supplies

1. No weapons c. Russian Army’s asset

1. Lots of soldiers d. Fighting past Europe

1. Fighting in Ottoman Empire

E. WAR AFFECTS THE WORLD 1. Gallipoli Campaign

a. Strategy1. Allies strategy to attack Dardanelles in Ottoman Empire

2. Way to get to Constantinople (Capital)

b. Battle for Dardanelles1. Known as the Gallipoli Campaign – Allies lost

MAP OF DARDANELLES

E. WAR AFFECTS THE WORLD 2. Battles in Africa and Asia

a. Asia 1. Japanese Overran Germans 2. Japanese captured German Pacific Islands

b. Africa 1. Germany attacked British and French Colonies

c. Supply lines to Britain and France 1. Fight was to keep them open for suppiles

d. Reasons the colonies fought 1. Keep those supply lines open 2. Win independence

E. WAR AFFECTS THE WORLD 3. America Joins the Fight

a. Unrestricted Submarine warfare 1. The sinking of any British ship in German

waters 2. Sinking of the Lusitania

a. Passenger ship sunk – 128 Americans killedDID IT HAVE AMO OR DIDN’T IT?????

Zimmermann Telegraph 1. Letter from Germany to Mexico

DID THIS EXIST OR DID IT NOT?????

F. WAR AFFECTS THE HOME FRONT 1. Governments Wage total War

a. Total War 1. Devote all resources to war

b. Control of Factories 1. Factories devote time to make stuff for war

c. Rationing 1. Taking small amount to provide for soldiers

d. Propaganda 1. pushing negative view of the enemy

F. WAR AFFECTS THE HOME FRONT 2. Women at the War

a. Factories 1. Replaced men at their jobs

b. Front Lines 1. Nurses

G. THE ALLIES WIN THE WAR 1. Russia Withdraws

a. Bolshevics push Communismb. Czar Nicholas II steps down

1. To avoid a Civil Warc. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

1. Peace treaty to end the war between Russia and Germany

G. THE ALLIES WIN THE WAR 2. Central Powers Collapse

a. German forces to the West 1. No longer had to fight Russia – Two front war 2. Able to control much of France

b. Second battle of Marne 1. Allies were able to finally stop the Germans

c. Surrenders 1. First – Bulgaria 2. Second - Ottoman Empire 3. Third – Austria-Hungary 4. Fourth - Germany

G. THE ALLIES WIN THE WAR 2. Central Powers Collapse (cont’d)

d. Germany Surrenders 1. Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down

a. Germany claims responsibility for the War 2. Armistice

a. Agreement to stop fighting** Signed on a train on November 11th , 1918

at 6am. The treaty went into affect 11am. This is why Veterans day is on November 11th.

H. THE LEGACY OF WAR 1. A different type of War

a. New Technologyb. Grand and Global Scalec. Landscape of Death

2. Death of Destructiona. 8.5 MILLION soldiers diedb. 21 MILLION soldiers woundedc. COUNTLESS civilians died, d. War Cost - $338 BILLION U.S. dollars

14 POINTS – TREATY OF VERSAILLES

Open Diplomacy - There should be no secret treaties between powers

Freedom of Navigation - Seas should be free in both peace and war

Free Trade - The barriers to trade between countries such as custom duties should be removed

Multilateral Disarmament - All countries should reduce their armed forces to the lowest possible levels

Colonies - People in European colonies should have a say in their future

Russia - Russia should be allowed to operate whatever government it wanted and that government should be accepted, supported and welcomed.

Belgium - Belgium should be evacuated and restored to the situation before the war.

14 POINTS – TREATY OF VERSAILLES

France - should have Alsace-Lorraine and any lands taken away during the war restored.

Italy - The Italian border should be readjusted according to nationality

National Self -Determination - The national groups in Europe should, wherever possible, be given their independence.

Romania, Montenegro and Serbia - Should be evacuated and Serbia should have an outlet to the sea

Turkey - The people of Turkey should have a say in their future

Poland - Poland should become an independent state with an outlet to the sea.

League of Nations - An assembly of all nations should be formed to protect world peace in the future.

TRADE OF MONEY

CAN YOU STOP IT FROM HAPPENING AGAIN? “How can we keep the fighting from

happening by creating a CONTRACT (not a treaty)”

Create a contract of two paragraphs stating what each of the countries promise to do to keep the fighting from happening.

4 groups – United States, France, Great Britain, GermanyALL MUST AGREE!

GERMAN WAR GUILT German army of only 100,000 men German battleships – 6 but NO

submarines NO Air Force allowed NO military bases in Western Germany

(close to France) NO treaties with Austria or Hungary Pay France, Great Britain and the United

States back for the money they spent on war

LEAGUE OF NATIONS Geneva, Switzerland – neutral country during

the war 3 major sanctions

1. call countries to the table to discuss issues 2. League make a decision if the countries couldn’t

(Assembly) 3. If those involved do not listen to the decision they

could impose economic sanctions (Council) Problems

Russia and Germany were not allowed to join ALL countries involved had to agree on a decision –

NOT majority rule U.S. (creator) Congress refused to allow the U.S. to

join