World War I BeginsWorld War I Begins

Chapter 19; Section 1Chapter 19; Section 1

A. Igniting the War in EuropeA. Igniting the War in Europe

• 1 . Nationalism

–Self-interests over global cooperation–Encouraged competition among

nations• Growth at the expense of others

–Encouraged independence movements among ethnic groups

A. Igniting the War in EuropeA. Igniting the War in Europe

• 2. Imperialism–Competition and antagonism between

nations• raw materials/markets

–Created the opportunity for points of conflict

– Issue of prestige

Igniting the War in EuropeIgniting the War in Europe

• 3. Militarism – Development of military

• Tool of foreign policy–Ex. Britain and its navy

• Led to an arms race/stockpiling• Conscription• Universal military training• Ready for war

Igniting the War in EuropeIgniting the War in Europe

• 4. Alliances–Committed nations to act

–small wars could escalate

• Austria-Hungary + Germany

• France + Russia + Serbia

• Great Britain + Belgium

Igniting the War in EuropeIgniting the War in Europe

• 5. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand–Austria-Hungary had designs on

Serbia

–Used assassination as the excuse to launch war against Serbia

–Activated the alliance system

Opposition to the WarOpposition to the War

Naturalized Citizens

Socialists Pacifists Parents

Loyalty to homeland or interests of homeland

Imperialist struggle

War is evil; US to set an example of peace

Didn’t want to risk the lives of their sons on foreign soil

Nations Encourage US InvolvementNations Encourage US Involvement

Britain Germany Russia

•Cut transatlantic cable bet US/Germany•Emphasized German aggression and atrocities•Large orders for materials/loans

•Unrestrained submarine warfare•Sank the Lusitanian•Zimmerman Note

•Overthrow of Czar•Established representative gov.•Democracy v. oppression

World War IAmerica Enters the War

Stumbling blocks to US Neutrality Wilson -

Neutrality in thought and deed

The US entered the War because1. Submarines

2. Sentiment

3. Economics

4. Security

5. Honor

Submarines

War was thrust upon us by the Germans Attacks on American ships

Lusitania Unrestricted submarine warfare January

1917

Economics

Economic ties between US and Allies Germany was forced to resort to submarine

warfare by America’s “un-neutral” policies US was pro-British War of attrition

Open supply lines bet. US and England Supply lines w/ Germany closed $2 billion to Allied forces $27 million to Germany

S3 - Security

A successful Germany would Threaten our securityWould dominate EuropeTilt the balance of power

H1 – HonorVague, idealistic concepts

Neutral rights Freedom of the seas Making the world “safe for

democracy”

America Prepares for War

Complete lack of preparedness until 1916 378,619 v. 4.8 million

National Defense Act – increases military strength Conscription/Draft 2.8 million

MobilizationWar Industries Board (WIB) 1917

Railroad Admin Fuel Admin

Main regulatory boardStandardizationPrice controls (wholesale)Resource allocation

Controlled the nation’s railroads

Regulated coal suppliesRationed gas/heating oilDaylight savings time

MobilizationNational War Labor Board

Food Administration

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

Resolved labor/industry disputesWork or fight8 hr work dayBan on child labor

Expanded farm production“X”-less daysVictory gardensTripled food shipments

Popularize the war effort“Expression not repression”Modern advertising techniquesUnreason hatred of the enemyLiberty pups & Liberty cabbage Serious consequences

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Eliminate internal enemies Fines/prison time

Interfering with the war effort Speaking against the war effort

Debs- 20 yrs. in jail – 1 million votes for president 1920

6,000 arrests 1,500 convictions Emphasis on conformity

Led to persecution of German-Americans