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World War I 1914-1918
As European countries formed alliances and increased the sizes of their military, they set the stage for a global war.
War begins 1914 and ends in 1918.
1. Long-Term Causes of the War: Nationalism
Nationalism—deep devotion to one’s Nation Competition and rivalry
developed between European nations for territory and markets
2. Long Term Causes: Imperialism
Imperialism—European competition for colonies Quest for colonies often
almost led to war—especially in Africa
Imperialism led to rivalry and mistrust amongst European nations
3. Long Term Causes: Militarism
Militarism—aggressive preparation for war Industrialization allowed for new technology to develop;
and new ways of shipbuilding using iron, steel, and chemicals for new weapons.
Keeping a large standing army prepared for war Arms race for military technology Many countries established conscription (military draft)
as regular practice.
4. Long Term Causes: Alliance System
Alliance System Designed to keep peace in Europe,
instead pushed continent towards war
Many Alliances made in secret By 1907 two major alliances: Triple
Alliance and Triple Entente
Activity #1: Alliances
1. Complete the map using the map on pg. 411. TITLE: Europe Before WWI, 1914
2. Complete the table by reading Cause of the War (pg. 410-411)
3. Answer the Geography Connection Questions (pg. 411)
4. VIDEO: WWI BEGINS
Determining Cause and Effect: What factors contributed to the outbreak of World War I?
Activity #1: Causes of the War
Read Causes of the War (pg. 410) Identify the effect each of the following
had in causing war.
The Two Sides
Triple AllianceGermany
Austria-HungaryItaly
Central PowersGermany
Austria-HungaryOttoman Empire
Triple EntenteEnglandFranceRussia
Allied PowersEngland, France,
Russia, United States, Italy, Serbia, Belgium, Switzerland
Short-Term Cause: Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand—June 28,1914 Serbia (supported by Russia) wanted to create an independent Slavic state in the
Balkans. Austrian-Hungarians refused.
Serbian group killed the heir to the Austria-Hungarian (Hapsburg) throne, Francis Ferdinand because they wanted to free Bosnia from Austria-Hungary.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmHxq28440c
Consequences of the Assassination of Archduke
Austria-Hungary—didn’t know if Serbian gov. had planned the assassination—wanted to attack Serbia, but they were afraid powerful Russia would intervene on Serbia’s behalf.
Austria-Hungarian asked its ally Germany to help—Germany’s Emperor William II agrees to help.
July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
Russia Joins the War
Russia supported Serbia—Czar Nicolas II ordered the mobilization of the Russian army against Austria-Hungary.
Mobilization in 1914 was an act of war! Russia mobilized its army against both
Austria-Hungary and Germany.
The Conflict Broadens
Germans asked Russians to stop mobilization, but they refused—Germany declares war on Russia.
France and Russia are allies so the Germans developed a two-front war with France and Russia
The Shlieffen Plan had German troops attack France by moving through Belgium.
Belgium was a neutral nation!!
Great Britain (allied with France and Russia) declares war on Germany for violating Belgium neutrality.
By mid-summer all of the Great Powers of Europe were at war!
Activity #3: Summer of 1914—
Triple Entente & Triple Alliance Actions
Complete the Sequence Chain worksheet. Read pg. 412-413 “The Outbreak of
War” to identify and explain the events that led to World War I.