World War IWorld War I

Causes of World War ICauses of World War I

Militarism – European countries tried to build large Militarism – European countries tried to build large armies and navies to protect their colonies’ armies and navies to protect their colonies’ European countries tried to use their armies to European countries tried to use their armies to solve problems between them and other countries solve problems between them and other countries instead of talking about the problems. Germany instead of talking about the problems. Germany had the biggest and most powerful army. had the biggest and most powerful army.

Alliance System –Alliance System – Triple Entente (Allies) – Britain, France, RussiaTriple Entente (Allies) – Britain, France, Russia Triple Alliance (Central Powers) – Germany, Austria-Triple Alliance (Central Powers) – Germany, Austria-

Hungary, Italy, and the Ottoman EmpireHungary, Italy, and the Ottoman Empire The Russians wanted to protect the Slavic people living The Russians wanted to protect the Slavic people living

in the Balkans – Serbs, Croats, Slavsin the Balkans – Serbs, Croats, Slavs

Causes of World War ICauses of World War I

Nationalism – pride in your country; Nationalism – pride in your country; People who lived in the Balkans – Serbs, People who lived in the Balkans – Serbs, Croats, Slavs—were ruled by Austria-Croats, Slavs—were ruled by Austria-Hungary, and they wanted to be free Hungary, and they wanted to be free

Imperialism – European countries Imperialism – European countries competed for land in Africa an Asia competed for land in Africa an Asia

Assassinated Assassinated – Assassination of – Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandArchduke Franz Ferdinand

Assassination of Archduke Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandFranz Ferdinand

Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the Austrian king was heir to the Austrian king was assassinated by a Serbian man who assassinated by a Serbian man who wanted Serbia to be independentwanted Serbia to be independent

Austria-Hungary declared war on Austria-Hungary declared war on SerbiaSerbia

Russia declared war on Austria-Russia declared war on Austria-HungaryHungary

Assassination of Archduke Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandFranz Ferdinand

Because of the alliance system, the Because of the alliance system, the countries in the Triple Entente (Allied countries in the Triple Entente (Allied Powers) went to war with the countries Powers) went to war with the countries of the Triple Alliance (Central Powers)of the Triple Alliance (Central Powers)By September 1914 most of Europe is at By September 1914 most of Europe is at

warwarGerman, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and the German, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and the

Ottoman Empire against Britain, France, Ottoman Empire against Britain, France, and Russiaand Russia

Terms to KnowTerms to Know

Neutralilty – Neutralilty – not taking sides on an not taking sides on an issue, staying out of itissue, staying out of it

Socialists – Socialists – people who believe the people who believe the government should own and control government should own and control major industries in a countrymajor industries in a country

Pacifists -- Pacifists -- people who do not people who do not believe in warbelieve in war

American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality

Many Americans said the U.S. should Many Americans said the U.S. should not go to warnot go to war

Socialists and Pacifists said the U.S. Socialists and Pacifists said the U.S. should not be involved in European should not be involved in European warswars

Many Americans had families living Many Americans had families living in Germany. Other Americans had in Germany. Other Americans had family in Britainfamily in Britain

American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality

The U.S. and Britain had a lot of The U.S. and Britain had a lot of trade with each other.trade with each other.

U.S. President Wilson said the U.S. U.S. President Wilson said the U.S. would be neutralwould be neutral

Other Terms to Know Other Terms to Know

Blockade – Blockade – When one country When one country (Germany)puts its ships around (Germany)puts its ships around another country’s(Britain) ports, so another country’s(Britain) ports, so that country (Britain) cannot get that country (Britain) cannot get ships with food, weapons, and other ships with food, weapons, and other suppliessupplies

  Kaiser Wilhelm Kaiser Wilhelm – king of Germany – king of Germany

during World War Iduring World War I

Neutrality and BlockadesNeutrality and Blockades

Both Germany and Britain were trying Both Germany and Britain were trying to use blockades on each otherto use blockades on each other

Germany had submarines.Germany had submarines.The Germans used the submarines on The Germans used the submarines on

American ships going to BritainAmerican ships going to BritainU.S. President Wilson wanted U.S. President Wilson wanted

American ships and Americans on American ships and Americans on British ships to be safe from German British ships to be safe from German submarinessubmarines

Other Problems at SeaOther Problems at Sea

The British ship The British ship ArabicArabic was sunk by was sunk by Germany in March 1915Germany in March 19152 Americans died2 Americans diedPresident Wilson asked the Kaiser to President Wilson asked the Kaiser to

promise not to sink any more promise not to sink any more passenger passenger shipsships

Germany agreedGermany agreed

Other Problems at SeaOther Problems at Sea

March 1916French ship March 1916French ship SussexSussex was was sunk by German submarinessunk by German submarinesSome Americans were killedSome Americans were killedPresident Wilson told the Kaiser the U.S. President Wilson told the Kaiser the U.S.

would have no more relations with would have no more relations with Germany if Germany didn’t stop sinking Germany if Germany didn’t stop sinking passenger shipspassenger ships

Other Problems at SeaOther Problems at Sea

British ship British ship LusitaniaLusitania sunk by sunk by Germans on May 1915Germans on May 1915128 Americans on the 128 Americans on the LusitaniaLusitania died diedPresident Wilson told the German Kaiser President Wilson told the German Kaiser

(leader) the U.S. would go to war with (leader) the U.S. would go to war with Germany if Germany sank U.S. shipsGermany if Germany sank U.S. ships

American PoliticsAmerican Politics

During the war, politicians disagreed During the war, politicians disagreed over the U.S. and the war.over the U.S. and the war.Former President Teddy Roosevelt said Former President Teddy Roosevelt said

the U.S. should enter the warthe U.S. should enter the warOther politicians and leaders said the Other politicians and leaders said the

U.S. should not enter the warU.S. should not enter the war

American PoliticsAmerican Politics

Election of 1916Election of 1916Wilson’s campaign said “He kept us out Wilson’s campaign said “He kept us out

of war.” Wilson did not want to go to of war.” Wilson did not want to go to warwar

The election was close, but Wilson wonThe election was close, but Wilson won  

Even More TermsEven More Terms

Unrestricted – no rules; no limitsUnrestricted – no rules; no limitsOverthrown – removed from Overthrown – removed from

being a leaderbeing a leader

Closer to WarCloser to War

1917 Germany started unrestricted 1917 Germany started unrestricted submarine warfare; Germany was submarine warfare; Germany was sinking shipssinking ships

Germany knew this would bring the Germany knew this would bring the U.S. into the war, but Germany U.S. into the war, but Germany thought Germany could win the war thought Germany could win the war before the U.S. entered.before the U.S. entered.

Closer to WarCloser to War

Zimmerman letterZimmerman letterMarch 1917 German Foreign Minister sent March 1917 German Foreign Minister sent

a letter to Mexico.a letter to Mexico.The letter asked Mexico to help Germany The letter asked Mexico to help Germany

in the war. If Mexico helped Germany, in the war. If Mexico helped Germany, then Mexico would get Texas, New Mexico, then Mexico would get Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, the lands Mexico lost to the and Arizona, the lands Mexico lost to the U.S. during the Mexican American War.U.S. during the Mexican American War.

The U.S. got the letter. Americans were The U.S. got the letter. Americans were very angry.very angry.

Closer to WarCloser to WarRussiaRussia

The czar (king) of Russia is overthrown in a The czar (king) of Russia is overthrown in a rebellion.rebellion.

Russia got out of the war, so Germany did Russia got out of the war, so Germany did not have to send soldiers east to fight not have to send soldiers east to fight Russia. Now Germany and the Central Russia. Now Germany and the Central Powers sent all of their soldiers west to Powers sent all of their soldiers west to fight against England and France.fight against England and France.

President Wilson said now the US would be President Wilson said now the US would be fighting for democracy and against kings of fighting for democracy and against kings of Germany and Austria-Hungary.Germany and Austria-Hungary.

WAR! (The US enters WAR! (The US enters World War I)World War I)

April 17, 1917 the US declared war April 17, 1917 the US declared war on Germanyon Germany

President Wilson said “the world President Wilson said “the world must be safe for democracy.”must be safe for democracy.”

The US enters …. Why? The US enters …. Why?

The sinking of US merchant ships by The sinking of US merchant ships by GermanyGermany

The Zimmerman note (Germany The Zimmerman note (Germany asked Mexico to invade the US)asked Mexico to invade the US)

The US enters …. Why? The US enters …. Why?

  EconomicsEconomicsThe US was selling a lot of supplies to The US was selling a lot of supplies to

Great Britain and FranceGreat Britain and FranceLoans!Loans!

The Great Britain and France had borrowed The Great Britain and France had borrowed a lot of money from US banksa lot of money from US banks

If the Allies (Great Britain and France) lost If the Allies (Great Britain and France) lost the war, US banks would not get their the war, US banks would not get their money back.money back.

Preparing for WarPreparing for War

The US sent a lot of supplies while The US sent a lot of supplies while American troops trained.American troops trained.

The US government raised money to The US government raised money to pay for the war. The government pay for the war. The government increased taxes and borrowed increased taxes and borrowed money.money.

Preparing for WarPreparing for War

The ArmyThe ArmyWhen the war started, the US army had When the war started, the US army had

200,000 men. Many more men were needed 200,000 men. Many more men were needed to fight.to fight.

Many men volunteered, but it wasn’t Many men volunteered, but it wasn’t enough.enough.

DraftDraftThe Selective Service Act (law) required healthy The Selective Service Act (law) required healthy

young men to sign up for the draftyoung men to sign up for the draftThe men were chosen by lottery (lotería, loterie)The men were chosen by lottery (lotería, loterie)2.8 million men are chosen2.8 million men are chosen

Preparing for WarPreparing for War

400,000 Black Americans served in 400,000 Black Americans served in the army. Most did not fight, but the army. Most did not fight, but worked other jobs.worked other jobs.

  

Role of Regular AmericansRole of Regular Americans

The government created the War The government created the War Industry Board to help factories focus Industry Board to help factories focus on making war supplieson making war supplies

The War Industry Board had a good The War Industry Board had a good relationship with Unions because it relationship with Unions because it needed everyone working.needed everyone working.

Workers wages increasedWorkers wages increased

Role of Regular AmericansRole of Regular Americans

Women began working in factoriesWomen began working in factories Immigrants came from Mexico to Immigrants came from Mexico to

work in factories and on farmswork in factories and on farmsThe Great MigrationThe Great Migration

Blacks moved North to take jobs in Blacks moved North to take jobs in factories. factories.

This was called the Great MigrationThis was called the Great Migration

Role of Regular AmericansRole of Regular Americans

ConservationConservationPeople tried to conserve food – Meatless People tried to conserve food – Meatless

Mondays, Wheatless WednesdaysMondays, Wheatless WednesdaysSave coal Save coal

American ContributionsAmerican Contributions

Built ships to replace the ships sunk Built ships to replace the ships sunk by the German U-boatsby the German U-boats

Energy & excitement – The British and Energy & excitement – The British and French troops were tired after 3/12 French troops were tired after 3/12 years of terrible war. American troops years of terrible war. American troops are ready to fight.are ready to fight.

American troops are led by General American troops are led by General John J. PershingJohn J. Pershing

  

Summer/Fall 1918Summer/Fall 1918

Battles at Chateau-Thiery & Belleau WoodBattles at Chateau-Thiery & Belleau WoodLate summer/early fallLate summer/early fallPushing German forces back to the Pushing German forces back to the

border of Germanyborder of GermanyNovember 3 Austria-Hungary surrendersNovember 3 Austria-Hungary surrendersNovember 9November 9thth Kaiser abdicates the throne Kaiser abdicates the throne

(gives up his power/stops being the ruler)(gives up his power/stops being the ruler)November 11 – Armistice signed November 11 – Armistice signed

(Armistice – cease fire (Armistice – cease fire

Making Peace: The Treaty Making Peace: The Treaty of Versaillesof Versailles

Wilson developed his Fourteen Points Wilson developed his Fourteen Points for Peacefor PeaceNo secret treatiesNo secret treatiesFreedom of the seas (no sub warfare)Freedom of the seas (no sub warfare)Arms reduction (Countries should not Arms reduction (Countries should not

build ships for war/create new weapons)build ships for war/create new weapons)Self-determination – ethnic and national Self-determination – ethnic and national

groups should have their own countries groups should have their own countries and build their own governmentsand build their own governments

Making Peace: The Treaty Making Peace: The Treaty of Versaillesof Versailles

Fourteenth point called to establish a Fourteenth point called to establish a League of NationsLeague of NationsThe League of Nations would have The League of Nations would have

representatives from each country and representatives from each country and would try to solve international would try to solve international problems and keep peaceproblems and keep peace

Making Peace: The Treaty Making Peace: The Treaty of Versaillesof Versailles

Big Four meet at Versailles to write Big Four meet at Versailles to write the peace treaty the peace treaty Clemenceau from FranceClemenceau from FranceLloyd-George from Great BritainLloyd-George from Great BritainOrlando from ItalyOrlando from ItalyWilson from the USWilson from the US

Meeting (Writing the Meeting (Writing the Peace treaty)Peace treaty)

Problems with the meetingProblems with the meetingRussia was not includedRussia was not includedGermany and Austria-Hungary were not Germany and Austria-Hungary were not

includedincludedThe Big Four made all the decisionsThe Big Four made all the decisionsGreat Britain and France want Germany Great Britain and France want Germany

to pay for the war. to pay for the war. The Big Four did not adopt the Fourteen The Big Four did not adopt the Fourteen

Points except the League of NationsPoints except the League of Nations

The Treaty The Treaty

Signed June 1919Signed June 1919New Nations were created: Poland, New Nations were created: Poland,

Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, Latvia, Estonia, LithuaniaLatvia, Estonia, Lithuania

The Ottoman Empire was gone and the The Ottoman Empire was gone and the land divided upland divided upGreat Britain and France controlled the land Great Britain and France controlled the land

of the old Ottoman Empireof the old Ottoman EmpireExample: Palestine was created and Example: Palestine was created and

controlled by Great Britaincontrolled by Great Britain

The Treaty The Treaty

GermanyGermanyGermany could not have an armyGermany could not have an armyGermany had to return the land of Germany had to return the land of

Alsace Lorrain to FranceAlsace Lorrain to FranceGermany had to pay $33 billion to Germany had to pay $33 billion to

France and Great BritainFrance and Great BritainWar-guilt clause – The treaty said the War-guilt clause – The treaty said the

war was Germany’s faultwar was Germany’s fault

Problems with the Treaty Problems with the Treaty of Versaillesof Versailles

War-guilt clause – Germany was angry War-guilt clause – Germany was angry that they were blamed and punished that they were blamed and punished for the warfor the war

Germany lost colonies and other land. Germany lost colonies and other land. German people were angry and German people were angry and resentful about this.resentful about this.

Germany could not pay the $33 billion Germany could not pay the $33 billion in reparationsin reparations

Russia (SU) lost territory.Russia (SU) lost territory.

The EndThe End