World War IWorld War I

Social Studies 9Social Studies 9

Ms. RebeccaMs. Rebecca

Quiz!Quiz!

1. What was Gandhi’s 1. What was Gandhi’s main main goal for India?goal for India? 2. What was Gandhi’s main goal for South 2. What was Gandhi’s main goal for South

Africa?Africa? 3. What is one example of how Indians 3. What is one example of how Indians

were being treated unfairly by the British?were being treated unfairly by the British? 4. What types of methods did Gandhi 4. What types of methods did Gandhi

support to try to get change in India?support to try to get change in India? 5. Give 2 examples of something Gandhi 5. Give 2 examples of something Gandhi

did to try to help the people of India to have did to try to help the people of India to have better lives? Include as much detail as better lives? Include as much detail as possible.possible.

Gandhi and Gandhi and civil rightscivil rights Civil rights:Civil rights: the the equal rights equal rights that every person has in a that every person has in a

society regardless of society regardless of race, religion, language, culture, race, religion, language, culture, and background.and background.

Example: Example: The right to not be bulliedThe right to not be bullied The right to practice any religion you wantThe right to practice any religion you want The right to be able to have a nice homeThe right to be able to have a nice home The right to speak in public about what you want toThe right to speak in public about what you want to The right to meet with your friends and talk about what you The right to meet with your friends and talk about what you

want.want. The right to go to schoolThe right to go to school The right to do whatever job you want to doThe right to do whatever job you want to do The right to vote for and make decisions in government of The right to vote for and make decisions in government of

your own countryyour own countryEtc.Etc.

What civil rights did Indians NOT What civil rights did Indians NOT have under British rule?have under British rule?

No freedom of speechNo freedom of speechNo freedom from bullying/attackNo freedom from bullying/attackNo freedom to meet in publicNo freedom to meet in publicNo freedom to vote for your own No freedom to vote for your own

government.government.

How did Gandhi help to get more How did Gandhi help to get more civil rightscivil rights for Indians? for Indians?

Non-Violence!Non-Violence!Salt MarchSalt MarchBurning identification passes in Burning identification passes in

South AfricaSouth AfricaBurning British made clothesBurning British made clothesBoycotting all foreign goodsBoycotting all foreign goodsHaving a national day of prayer and Having a national day of prayer and

fasting where no work was done for fasting where no work was done for the British empire………….the British empire………….

Why is Why is GandhiGandhi important to important to know about?know about?

He has inspired He has inspired people all over the people all over the world to fight for world to fight for their own their own civil civil rightsrights to make to make this planet a better this planet a better place to live in for place to live in for all different types all different types of people.of people.

http://womenofcaliber.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/human-rights-every-human-has-rights.jpg

Example: Civil Rights In Example: Civil Rights In AmericaAmerica

African AmericansAfrican Americans

History: How did they get to History: How did they get to America?America?

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Brought from AfricaBrought from Africa

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Treatment as slavesTreatment as slaves

After Slavery ended….After Slavery ended….

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Racism continuesRacism continues

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SegregationSegregation

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SegregationSegregation

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SegregationSegregation

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whites-only.gif

Results: African Americans need Results: African Americans need a change!a change!

Just like Indians Just like Indians needed a change.needed a change.

Non-violence resistanceNon-violence resistance

Martin Luther King Martin Luther King Jr.Jr.

Lunch counter sit-insLunch counter sit-ins

Boycotts of bussesBoycotts of busses

http://www.montgomeryboycott.com/img/book.gif

Marches on governmentMarches on government

http://kenoath.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/civil-rights-march.jpg

Finally: an end to Finally: an end to segregationsegregation

We shall overcome!We shall overcome!

Question:Question:

1. How did 1. How did Gandhi’s Gandhi’s civil civil rights movementrights movement inspire the African inspire the African American American civil civil rights movementrights movement??

2. What are the 2. What are the goals of goals of ALL ALL civil civil rights rights movementsmovements??

Review of ImperialismReview of Imperialism

Imperialism ReflectionImperialism Reflection

What is What is ImperialismImperialism??Do you think imperialism still Do you think imperialism still

happens today?happens today?How do you think imperialism is How do you think imperialism is

different today than it was in places different today than it was in places like India when the British were in like India when the British were in charge of the country?charge of the country?

How is imperialism bad?How is imperialism bad?

Destroys local cultureDestroys local cultureTreats local people poorlyTreats local people poorlyStarts fighting within the local peopleStarts fighting within the local people

How is imperialism good?How is imperialism good?

Brings money in sometimes.Brings money in sometimes.

In India:In India:Better for international business Better for international business

(learned English)(learned English)Safer conditions for wives (no more wife Safer conditions for wives (no more wife

burning), built railroads, more burning), built railroads, more convenient, set up government…… convenient, set up government……

Easier to get supplies from Great BritainEasier to get supplies from Great Britain

New ImperialismNew Imperialism

http://insidenewyork.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/mcdonalds.jpghttp://insidenewyork.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/mcdonalds.jpg

http://www.chinawholesalegift.com/pic/Coca-Cola-Promotional-Gifts/Cocacola-EL-Advertisement-Signboard-22412285613.jpg

How is imperialism bad?How is imperialism bad?

Think about the Scramble for Africa. Think about the Scramble for Africa. Do you think that some countries Do you think that some countries

may have been jealous if they didn’t may have been jealous if they didn’t have as many colonies as France in have as many colonies as France in Africa?Africa?

How might this lead to bad feelings How might this lead to bad feelings between different European between different European countries?countries?

ImperialismImperialism

Is one of the MAIN reasons why war Is one of the MAIN reasons why war broke out between European broke out between European countries in the First World War!countries in the First World War!

Our next unit! Our next unit! Hooraaaaaaaaaaaaay!Hooraaaaaaaaaaaaay!

World War 1 ReviewWorld War 1 Review

Causes of WWICauses of WWI

A. A. ImperialismImperialism1. Strong countries conquered smaller 1. Strong countries conquered smaller

weaker countries (colonies)weaker countries (colonies)2. European countries – Asia and Africa2. European countries – Asia and Africa3. European countries competed for 3. European countries competed for

colonies. This made them not like each colonies. This made them not like each otherother

World War IWorld War I

NationalismNationalism was one of the main was one of the main causes of World War 1 in 1914.causes of World War 1 in 1914.

B. NationalismB. Nationalism

1. Definition: To love your country 1. Definition: To love your country or cultureor culture

2. Example: Europeans thought 2. Example: Europeans thought they were the best and wanted to they were the best and wanted to fight a war to prove it.fight a war to prove it.

NationalismNationalism

What is What is Nationalism?Nationalism?How does How does nationalismnationalism make people make people

more willing to fight for their more willing to fight for their country?country?

C. Arms RaceC. Arms Race

1. Each country wanted to have the 1. Each country wanted to have the biggest military.biggest military.

2. More weapons make countries 2. More weapons make countries want to fight a war. want to fight a war.

D. AlliancesD. Alliances

AlliancesAlliances: agreement between : agreement between countries saying that the people of countries saying that the people of one nation would help the people of one nation would help the people of an an alliedallied nation if they needed it. nation if they needed it.

This meant that more countries were This meant that more countries were willing to take risks because they willing to take risks because they knew they had support from their knew they had support from their alliesallies..

E. Assassination of Archduke E. Assassination of Archduke FerdinandFerdinand

THE THE FINALFINAL thing that led to war! thing that led to war!1. 1. AssassinationAssassination is the killing of an is the killing of an

important personimportant person2. The archduke was the next king2. The archduke was the next king3. Austria Hungary controlled land in 3. Austria Hungary controlled land in

the Balkans, including a country the Balkans, including a country called Serbia. Serbia wanted their called Serbia. Serbia wanted their land back! land back!

Austria acts like a jerk to Austria acts like a jerk to Serbia!Serbia!

AustriansAustrians decide to have a parade decide to have a parade in in SerbiaSerbia celebrating that Austria celebrating that Austria taking over.taking over.

The parade is on the day of a The parade is on the day of a Serbian Serbian holiday.holiday.

This is VERY disrespectful to This is VERY disrespectful to Serbia.Serbia.

So…… Serbians get angry So…… Serbians get angry and:and:

A A Serbian Serbian man shoots the man shoots the Archduke Franz FerdinandArchduke Franz Ferdinand while while he is riding in a parade car.he is riding in a parade car.

Austria Hungary is really madAustria Hungary is really mad

They declare war on They declare war on Serbia Serbia

The BalkansThe Balkans

SummarySummary

Main causes of WWIMain causes of WWI Arms RaceArms Race: People try to show how strong they are with : People try to show how strong they are with

weapons (machine gun, ships, submarine)weapons (machine gun, ships, submarine) ImperialismImperialism: People take over other countries. They fight : People take over other countries. They fight

for land and colonizing. Ex: Indians got upset: warfor land and colonizing. Ex: Indians got upset: war Nationalism: Nationalism: To love you your country. You DON’T love To love you your country. You DON’T love

other countries. If my country is right, everyone else is other countries. If my country is right, everyone else is wrong. My country is the bestwrong. My country is the best

Alliances:Alliances: Friendship between countries. War gets bigger Friendship between countries. War gets bigger because countries that are friends fight for each other EVEN because countries that are friends fight for each other EVEN if they weren’t part of the first fight.if they weren’t part of the first fight.

Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandAssassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: When a Serbian : When a Serbian man killed the prince of Austria Hungary. man killed the prince of Austria Hungary.

Causes of WWI posterCauses of WWI poster Today you will make a poster about ONE of the causes of Today you will make a poster about ONE of the causes of

WWIWWI 1. Arms Race1. Arms Race: People try to show how strong they are with : People try to show how strong they are with

weapons (machine gun, ships, submarine)weapons (machine gun, ships, submarine) 2. Imperialism2. Imperialism: People take over other countries. They : People take over other countries. They

fight for land and colonizing. Ex: Indians got upset: warfight for land and colonizing. Ex: Indians got upset: war 3. Nationalism: 3. Nationalism: To love you your country. You DON’T love To love you your country. You DON’T love

other countries. If my country is right, everyone else is other countries. If my country is right, everyone else is wrong. My country is the bestwrong. My country is the best

4. Alliances:4. Alliances: Friendship between countries. War gets bigger Friendship between countries. War gets bigger because countries that are friends fight for each other EVEN because countries that are friends fight for each other EVEN if they weren’t part of the first fight.if they weren’t part of the first fight.

5. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand5. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: When a : When a Serbian man killed the prince of Austria Hungary. Serbian man killed the prince of Austria Hungary.

GroupsGroups

Group 1: Nationalism Group 1: Nationalism Group 2: Arms RaceGroup 2: Arms RaceGroup 3: ImperialismGroup 3: ImperialismGroup 4: AlliancesGroup 4: Alliances

Listen up!Listen up!

http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/student/audio/lth/hwh/student/audio/lth/hwh/hwh_worldwar1_lth.mp3hwh_worldwar1_lth.mp3

II. Beginning of WWIII. Beginning of WWI

A. The “small” warA. The “small” war1. The war should only be between 1. The war should only be between

Austria Hungary and Serbia.Austria Hungary and Serbia.

B. Alliance SystemB. Alliance System

1. Because of the 1. Because of the alliancealliance system it system it becomes a much bigger warbecomes a much bigger war

2. 2. Triple AllianceTriple Alliance = Germany, = Germany, Austria Hungary and ItalyAustria Hungary and Italy

3. 3. Triple Entente Triple Entente = Great Britain, = Great Britain, France, RussiaFrance, Russia

These These alliancesalliances

Were made BEFORE the war started!Were made BEFORE the war started!

AFTER the war had become, AFTER the war had become, alliances alliances led countries to take sides. led countries to take sides. There were the There were the Central PowersCentral Powers and the and the Allied PowersAllied Powers

The 2 sides of the war:The 2 sides of the war:

Central Powers:Central Powers: Germany and Germany and Austria-Hungary (They were called Austria-Hungary (They were called this because they are located in the this because they are located in the centercenter of Europe) of Europe)

Allied PowersAllied Powers: Great Britain, : Great Britain, Russia, France, SerbiaRussia, France, Serbia

C. The “big” warC. The “big” war

1. When one country in the alliance 1. When one country in the alliance is attacked, other countries in the is attacked, other countries in the alliance joined the war.alliance joined the war.

As other countries joined the war, the As other countries joined the war, the war became bigger and bigger!war became bigger and bigger!

TodayToday We will learn a bit more about the background of World War I. Find We will learn a bit more about the background of World War I. Find

a partner and read pages 410-412a partner and read pages 410-412

Answer the following questions: Answer the following questions: 1. What is 1. What is imperialism imperialism and how did it lead to competition and how did it lead to competition

between countries?between countries? 2. What is an 2. What is an arms race? arms race? Who was involved in the Who was involved in the arms racearms race

leading up to WWI and who started it?leading up to WWI and who started it? 3. How did 3. How did nationalism nationalism cause problems in the Balkans?cause problems in the Balkans? 4. What is an 4. What is an alliance? alliance? Why would countries want to be part of Why would countries want to be part of

an an alliancealliance?? 5. Which countries were part of the 5. Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance?Triple Alliance? 6. Which countries were part of the 6. Which countries were part of the Triple Entente?Triple Entente? 7. What was the final thing that happened to cause a declaration 7. What was the final thing that happened to cause a declaration

of war?of war? 8. Did people think the war would last a long time? Why 8. Did people think the war would last a long time? Why DID DID the the

war last a long time?war last a long time?

During the war!During the war!

Do Now: New weapons like poison Do Now: New weapons like poison gas and machine guns were invented gas and machine guns were invented soon before WWI. How do you think soon before WWI. How do you think those inventions changed the way those inventions changed the way battles were fought?battles were fought?

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

The The Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution made made new weapons possible!new weapons possible!

New WeaponsNew Weapons

Sources taken from the American Library of Congress

More weaponsMore weapons

Tank WarfareTank Warfare

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg

Machine GunMachine Gun

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AirplanesAirplanes

http://imagecache5.art.com/p/LRG/8/820/4Y1Y000Z/world-war-i-aircraft.jpg

Germans used a new Germans used a new weapon:weapon:

Big Bertha:Big Bertha: Helped Germans to Helped Germans to

be able to blow up be able to blow up targets many miles targets many miles away. away.

Big BerthaBig Bertha

This is one of the main reasons why This is one of the main reasons why battles were fought in trenches. battles were fought in trenches. Soldiers needed protection from Soldiers needed protection from weapons like “Big Bertha” weapons like “Big Bertha”

The war gets even BIGGER!The war gets even BIGGER!

Germany (part of the Triple Alliance: Germany (part of the Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy) Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy) didn’t want France to help Russia didn’t want France to help Russia (Part of the Triple Entente: France, (Part of the Triple Entente: France, Russia and Great Britain).Russia and Great Britain).

Germany tries to stop FranceGermany tries to stop France

So, they marched So, they marched through Belgium (a through Belgium (a neutral country) to get neutral country) to get to France. Great to France. Great Britain got mad Britain got mad because Germany because Germany invaded a invaded a neutralneutral (didn’t take sides in the (didn’t take sides in the war and didn’t want to war and didn’t want to fight) country. So, fight) country. So, Great Britain declared Great Britain declared war on Germany.war on Germany.

No Quick VictoryNo Quick Victory

Germany now had to fight enemies Germany now had to fight enemies on both sides of their country. on both sides of their country.

East: RussiaEast: RussiaWest: France, Belgium and Great West: France, Belgium and Great

BritainBritain

Two-Front WarTwo-Front War

When a country’s army has to fight When a country’s army has to fight on both sides of the country. on both sides of the country.

Why do you think Why do you think two-front two-front war is war is bad?bad?

Weaker Armies!Weaker Armies!

Two-front warTwo-front war means a country has means a country has to spread their army all over the to spread their army all over the country. There are less country. There are less soldiers/supplies at one place than soldiers/supplies at one place than there could be if the fighting was there could be if the fighting was only on one only on one frontfront (side). (side).

What did Germany do?What did Germany do?

They tried to rush to defeat France They tried to rush to defeat France quickly with as many soldiers as quickly with as many soldiers as possible so they could win in France possible so they could win in France and THEN move all of their soldiers and THEN move all of their soldiers to the other to the other front: front: Russia.Russia.

ProblemProblem

The Russians moved too fast. The The Russians moved too fast. The Germans had to send many soldiers Germans had to send many soldiers from the from the Western FrontWestern Front to Russia to Russia (East).(East).

ProblemProblem

Because Germany lost soldiers on Because Germany lost soldiers on the the Western FrontWestern Front, they were much , they were much weaker in fighting against the weaker in fighting against the French.French.

D. Western Front - D. Western Front - TrenchesTrenches

1. Because of new 1. Because of new weapons soldiers weapons soldiers needed to protect needed to protect themselvesthemselves

3. The Trenches were very 3. The Trenches were very complexcomplex

Soldiers would run across to the Soldiers would run across to the other trench during an attackother trench during an attack

Fighting in the Fighting in the trenchestrenches

Was difficult!Was difficult!10s of thousands of soldiers died.10s of thousands of soldiers died.

Soldiers can’t move!Soldiers can’t move!

Because it took a long time to build Because it took a long time to build trenches and because leaving the trenches and because leaving the trenches to fight was very trenches to fight was very dangerous, soldiers did not attack dangerous, soldiers did not attack the other side very quickly.the other side very quickly.

Let’s explore the trenches a bit Let’s explore the trenches a bit more!more!

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/multimehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/multimedia_zone/virtual_tours/media/vr_trencdia_zone/virtual_tours/media/vr_trench/vr_trench_pop.shtmlh/vr_trench_pop.shtml

http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/student/flash/hwhww1_treCD/student/flash/hwhww1_treCD/click_viewer.htmlclick_viewer.html

Life of a soldier in the Life of a soldier in the trenchestrenches

A Day in the Trenches: A Day in the Trenches: from:http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenchesfrom:http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches

Morning:Morning: It started 1 hour before dawn with It started 1 hour before dawn with

the morning "stand to" the men were the morning "stand to" the men were roused from sleep and sent to the roused from sleep and sent to the "fire step", with bayonets fixed to "fire step", with bayonets fixed to their rifles to be on guard for a dawn their rifles to be on guard for a dawn raid by the enemy. Many raids were raid by the enemy. Many raids were carried out at dawn by both sides carried out at dawn by both sides although it was common knowledge although it was common knowledge that the opposing armies were both that the opposing armies were both preparing to deal with them.preparing to deal with them.

A Day in the TrenchesA Day in the Trenches

http://www.army.mil/asianpacificsoldiers/Images/wwi.jpg

MorningMorning

As the first light of day approached As the first light of day approached machineguns, shells, and even machineguns, shells, and even handguns would be fired toward the handguns would be fired toward the enemy trenches. Some people said enemy trenches. Some people said that this was to test the weaponry. that this was to test the weaponry. Others said it was to relieve the Others said it was to relieve the tension, and others said it was to ward tension, and others said it was to ward off a dawn raid. Whatever the reason off a dawn raid. Whatever the reason the first hour of the soldier's day the first hour of the soldier's day became known, as "The morning hate."became known, as "The morning hate."

BattleBattle

http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/04_02/gallipoliL1904_468x289.jpg

Later in the dayLater in the day

Then it was time for breakfast, Then it was time for breakfast, unofficially breakfast time was a unofficially breakfast time was a time of truce between both sides, time of truce between both sides, both sides respected this truce both sides respected this truce for most of the time, but it was for most of the time, but it was broken now and again when a broken now and again when a senior officer heard about it and senior officer heard about it and put his foot down ordering the put his foot down ordering the men to open fire on enemy lines. men to open fire on enemy lines.

http://www.remnantnewspaper.com/images/Christmas_in_the_Trenches_0.jpg

Daily ChoresDaily Chores

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Daily ChoresDaily Chores

““each man would be given a specific each man would be given a specific chore. Daily chores included the chore. Daily chores included the refilling of sandbags, the repair of the refilling of sandbags, the repair of the duckboards on the floor of the trench duckboards on the floor of the trench and the draining of trenches, and the draining of trenches, repairing the trenches and preparing repairing the trenches and preparing the latrines”the latrines”

(http://hubpages.com/hub/(http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches)World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches)

Preparing “latrines”Preparing “latrines”

The rest of the day was kinda The rest of the day was kinda slow:slow:

During the rest of the day movement During the rest of the day movement was restricted in the trenches, snipers was restricted in the trenches, snipers and lookout posts from either side and lookout posts from either side constantly watched the front lines and constantly watched the front lines and shots would be fired at the first sign of shots would be fired at the first sign of movement. Soldiers used this time to movement. Soldiers used this time to catch up on some much needed sleep catch up on some much needed sleep write letters to their sweethearts and write letters to their sweethearts and home and some soldiers spent the home and some soldiers spent the time producing ornaments and useful time producing ornaments and useful items from used shell and bullet items from used shell and bullet casings, these items are very popular casings, these items are very popular these days and are sold as trench art.these days and are sold as trench art.

Trench ArtTrench Art

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_1NgBBDpSJ34/Rq1MwhlQiBI/AAAAAAAABrU/yQ6hu1LPiMI/s400/trench-heart.jpg

Ways to fight boredom in the Ways to fight boredom in the trenchestrenches

Write letters homeWrite letters homeWrite poetryWrite poetryMake artworkMake artwork

Later afternoonLater afternoon With dusk came the second "Stand to" of With dusk came the second "Stand to" of

the day. Soldiers would be sent to the the day. Soldiers would be sent to the fire step as darkness approached in fire step as darkness approached in preparation for surprise attacks. With preparation for surprise attacks. With the darkness of the night the trenches the darkness of the night the trenches came to life, men were sent to fetch vital came to life, men were sent to fetch vital food, water, and maintenance supplies food, water, and maintenance supplies whilst others were sent to the fire step whilst others were sent to the fire step for sentry duty. 2 hours was the limit for sentry duty. 2 hours was the limit for the soldiers on the fire step before for the soldiers on the fire step before they were replaced, in case the men fell they were replaced, in case the men fell asleep, if a man fell asleep at the fire asleep, if a man fell asleep at the fire step the punishment would be death by step the punishment would be death by firing squad.firing squad.

Borrrrrrrrrrrrred!Borrrrrrrrrrrrred!

http://www.historycomesalive.ca/canadians/images/soldier_4.jpg

Punishment for falling asleep:Punishment for falling asleep:

Death!Death!

Sentry DutySentry Duty

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By cover of nightBy cover of night

Patrols into no-mans land would also Patrols into no-mans land would also be carried out under cover of be carried out under cover of darkness, to repair breaks in the darkness, to repair breaks in the barbed wire and some were sent out barbed wire and some were sent out as "Listening posts" hoping to over as "Listening posts" hoping to over hear information from the enemy. hear information from the enemy.

Sometimes enemy patrols would meet Sometimes enemy patrols would meet in No Man's Land. They were then in No Man's Land. They were then faced with the option of hurrying on faced with the option of hurrying on their separate ways or else engaging their separate ways or else engaging in hand to hand fighting. in hand to hand fighting. (http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_(http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches)1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches)

No Man’s LandNo Man’s Land

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Why do you think it was Why do you think it was called:called:

No Man’s Land?No Man’s Land?

End of the dayEnd of the day They could not afford to use their handguns They could not afford to use their handguns

whilst patrolling in No Man's Land, for fear whilst patrolling in No Man's Land, for fear of the machine gun fire it would inevitably of the machine gun fire it would inevitably attract, deadly to all members of the patrol.attract, deadly to all members of the patrol.

The cover of darkness also allowed the The cover of darkness also allowed the frontline troops to be changed over, those frontline troops to be changed over, those who had completed their tour of duty would who had completed their tour of duty would be swapped over with fresh troops.be swapped over with fresh troops.

Then it was time to start the daily routine Then it was time to start the daily routine again with the morning "stand to"again with the morning "stand to"

http://hubpages.com/hub/http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_TrenchesWorld_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches

Many soldiers began to question Many soldiers began to question why they were fighting.why they were fighting.

One soldier said:One soldier said:““The dead lying on the fields seem to The dead lying on the fields seem to

ask, “Why has this been done to us? ask, “Why has this been done to us? Why have you done it, brothers? Why have you done it, brothers? What purpose has it served?”What purpose has it served?”

How do you think soldiers felt How do you think soldiers felt during times of war?during times of war?

Were they happy?Were they happy?Why?Why?

How did the soldiers REALLY How did the soldiers REALLY feel?feel?

Christmas Example:Christmas Example:During WWI the Germans had been During WWI the Germans had been

fighting the British and battle was fighting the British and battle was bloody! bloody!

BUT on Christmas day some BUT on Christmas day some Germans put up small Christmas Germans put up small Christmas trees outside their trenches.trees outside their trenches.

German ChristmasGerman Christmas

http://www.snopes.com/holidays/christmas/truce.asp

Then…..Then…..

The Germans The Germans started singing started singing Christmas Carols:Christmas Carols:

And the British And the British joined in! They joined in! They made peace for made peace for just one night….just one night….

http://www.snopes.com/holidays/christmas/truce.asp

They even exchanged gifts They even exchanged gifts like:like:

CakeCake NewspapersNewspapers CigarettesCigarettes

http://www.24-7pressrelease.com/attachments/031996/gluten-free-christmas-pudding.jpg

Played games!Played games!

Soccer!Soccer!

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_tNiSHIFGp1k/SU7CetH9kfI/AAAAAAAABHM/0Ncj73u3q_Y/s400/Christmas_Truce_5.jpg

Christmas WorksheetChristmas Worksheet

You may work in groups to answer You may work in groups to answer questions about the Christmas questions about the Christmas peace.peace.

Harry Patch ArticleHarry Patch Article

One WWI soldier recently died. After One WWI soldier recently died. After his experiences fighting in WWI, he his experiences fighting in WWI, he decided to dedicate his life to helping decided to dedicate his life to helping others to understand how pointless others to understand how pointless war is.war is.

If trench warfare was so bad why If trench warfare was so bad why did soldiers want to join the war?did soldiers want to join the war? Propaganda! Propaganda!

(Advertising)(Advertising) Be a GOOD person, Be a GOOD person,

join your country’s join your country’s army!army!

What does the Gorilla What does the Gorilla represent?represent?

What is this poster What is this poster supposed to make supposed to make British men want to British men want to do?do?

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/%27Destroy_this_mad_brute%27_WWI_propaganda_poster_(US_version).jpg

German War PropagandaGerman War Propaganda

Russian PropagandaRussian Propaganda

http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/images/pp_rus_06.jpg

Why would advertising make Why would advertising make people want to join the war?people want to join the war?

Does propaganda tell what war will Does propaganda tell what war will REALLY be like?REALLY be like?

Evaluate War PropagandaEvaluate War Propaganda

Take a look at the following War Take a look at the following War Propaganda and on a numbered Propaganda and on a numbered piece of paper write which of the piece of paper write which of the following purposes you think the following purposes you think the propaganda was made for: propaganda was made for:

Reasons for PropagandaReasons for Propaganda

1. To stop information that may help the 1. To stop information that may help the enemy from being published.enemy from being published.

2. To give regular people a government 2. To give regular people a government approved version of the war.approved version of the war.

3. To keep people at home feeling positive 3. To keep people at home feeling positive about the war abroad and encourage about the war abroad and encourage people to give money and time to the war people to give money and time to the war effort.effort.

4. To make the enemy seem like an evil 4. To make the enemy seem like an evil that needed to be fought.that needed to be fought.

5. To get more soldiers to join the army 5. To get more soldiers to join the army and navy.and navy.

1. 1.

2.2.

3.3.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Paul_Stahr_(1883_-_1953)_-_Be_Patriotic,_Sign_Your_Country%27s_Pledge_To_Save_The_Food_(WWI).jpg

4.4.

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5.5.

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6.6.

ReviewReview

1. Make enemy look evil1. Make enemy look evil2. Get more men to join army2. Get more men to join army3. Get support from people at home 3. Get support from people at home

(donate canned food to troops)(donate canned food to troops)4. Support from people at home4. Support from people at home5. Don’t share information that could 5. Don’t share information that could

help the enemyhelp the enemy6. Government approved vision of 6. Government approved vision of

war. Christ is on our side!war. Christ is on our side!

Does War Propaganda still Does War Propaganda still exist?exist?

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Reflection QuestionsReflection Questions

Answer the following questions to turn Answer the following questions to turn in before you leave:in before you leave:

1. What is 1. What is propaganda?propaganda?2. Why do you think there were so 2. Why do you think there were so

many different types of war many different types of war propaganda?propaganda?

2. Do you need propaganda to win a 2. Do you need propaganda to win a war? Why or why not?war? Why or why not?

What about women in the What about women in the war?war?

What did they do?What did they do?

What did they do?What did they do?

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What was life like for women What was life like for women back home?back home?

Watch Movie clip from section 3Watch Movie clip from section 3Finish worksheetFinish worksheet

My Boy JackMy Boy Jack

Watch together! Watch together!

The War SpreadsThe War Spreads

Because of Because of AlliancesAlliances, other , other countries joined the war on the side countries joined the war on the side of the of the Central PowersCentral Powers or or Allied Allied PowersPowers. .

New countries on the New countries on the Central Central PowersPowers

The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire

BulgariaBulgaria

New Countries fighting for the New Countries fighting for the Allies:Allies:

-Italy (used to be part of the -Italy (used to be part of the Triple Triple AllianceAlliance but they didn’t like Austria- but they didn’t like Austria-Hungary so they stopped supporting Hungary so they stopped supporting them)them)

-Japan-Japan

Total: 31 nations took part in WWI.Total: 31 nations took part in WWI.

Why would trench warfare….Why would trench warfare….

Make it difficult for one side to win?Make it difficult for one side to win?What is a What is a stalemate?stalemate?

5. Stalemate5. Stalemate

Definition: No winner in a contestDefinition: No winner in a contest

During WWI, neither side could win a During WWI, neither side could win a clear battle on the clear battle on the Western FrontWestern Front..

Trench warfareTrench warfare made it very made it very difficult for either side to win.difficult for either side to win.

Eastern FrontEastern Front

VERY VERY different from the different from the Western Western Front.Front.

Much more movement because they Much more movement because they didn’t use didn’t use trench warfare trench warfare on the on the Western FrontWestern Front..

Early Early AlliedAllied losses on the losses on the Eastern FrontEastern Front

1. Great Britain lost a battle against 1. Great Britain lost a battle against the Ottoman Empire in Gallipoli.the Ottoman Empire in Gallipoli.

AlliedAllied Victories! Victories!

In Southwest Asia, The British worked In Southwest Asia, The British worked with Arabs to defeat the Ottomans.with Arabs to defeat the Ottomans.

1917: Great Britain took over Jerusalem1917: Great Britain took over JerusalemPeople in British Colonies in Africa People in British Colonies in Africa

helped the British to win in parts of helped the British to win in parts of AfricaAfrica

Japanese soldiers fought and defeated Japanese soldiers fought and defeated Germans on islands in the Pacific Ocean.Germans on islands in the Pacific Ocean.

Four Years of War Four Years of War Get your textbook and turn to page 413Get your textbook and turn to page 413 You may work in pairs to make vocabulary notecards of the You may work in pairs to make vocabulary notecards of the

following terms:following terms: NeutralNeutral Two-front warTwo-front war TrenchesTrenches Trench warfareTrench warfare Central PowersCentral Powers AlliesAllies StalemateStalemate ShellsShells SubmarineSubmarine armisticearmistice

Make sure you know the Make sure you know the following:following:

ImperialismImperialism: Strong countries conquer weaker countries. Ex. Europe took over : Strong countries conquer weaker countries. Ex. Europe took over colonies (an area of land in one area controlled by a country far away. Britain had colonies (an area of land in one area controlled by a country far away. Britain had colonies in India)colonies in India)

NationalismNationalism: To love your country or culture: To love your country or culture Arms RaceArms Race: Competing to have the biggest military: Competing to have the biggest military Assassination of Archduke FerdinandAssassination of Archduke Ferdinand: The killing of the next king of Austria-: The killing of the next king of Austria-

Hungary (and important guy). IMPORTANT because it was the last thing to cause Hungary (and important guy). IMPORTANT because it was the last thing to cause WWI.WWI.

Alliance: Alliance: friendship or partnership between countriesfriendship or partnership between countries Triple Alliance: Triple Alliance: partnership between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italypartnership between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy Triple Entente: Triple Entente: partnership between Great Britain, France and Russiapartnership between Great Britain, France and Russia TrenchesTrenches: tunnels dug on the Western Front to protect soldiers: tunnels dug on the Western Front to protect soldiers Central Powers: Central Powers: Austria-Hungary and Germany (called “central” because they are Austria-Hungary and Germany (called “central” because they are

in the center of Europein the center of Europe Allied Powers: Allied Powers: Great Britain, Russia, France, Serbia and later Italy (After they Great Britain, Russia, France, Serbia and later Italy (After they

left the German side.left the German side. Submarine : Submarine : boat that goes underwater that was used by the Germansboat that goes underwater that was used by the Germans America neutral at first:America neutral at first: U.S.A. didn’t take sides at first because they wanted to U.S.A. didn’t take sides at first because they wanted to

trade with both sidestrade with both sides Armistice: PArmistice: Peace Agreementeace Agreement

E. Eastern Front-movementE. Eastern Front-movement

1. Opposite of the 1. Opposite of the Western FrontWestern Front

2. The Armies 2. The Armies moved hundreds of moved hundreds of miles in short miles in short periods of timeperiods of time

3. The Russian 3. The Russian army was badly army was badly suppliedsupplied

III. End of World War IIII. End of World War I

A. Neutral AmericaA. Neutral America

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Why Why neutralneutral??

1. America wanted to stay 1. America wanted to stay neutral neutral because it could trade with both because it could trade with both Central Powers Central Powers - Austria Hungary - Austria Hungary and Germany (called that because and Germany (called that because they were in central Europe)they were in central Europe)

AND America could trade with AND America could trade with Allied Allied PowersPowers too – Great Britain, Russia, too – Great Britain, Russia, France, Serbia and later Italy France, Serbia and later Italy

B. Submarine WarfareB. Submarine Warfare

1. German 1. German submarines submarines (boat (boat that goes that goes underwater) underwater) attacked American attacked American supply ships going supply ships going to England. This to England. This made Americans made Americans very mad.very mad.

C. America declares warC. America declares war

1. Because of the 1. Because of the German attacks, German attacks, America declared America declared war in April 1917,war in April 1917,

2. This was very 2. This was very helpful to the Allied helpful to the Allied forces because the forces because the American soldiers American soldiers were now, healthy, were now, healthy, and had very good and had very good supplies.supplies.

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D. Russia SurrendersD. Russia Surrenders

1. Russia 1. Russia surrendered surrendered because of the because of the Russian Revolution. Russian Revolution. The government The government was taken over by was taken over by Communists.Communists.

http://www.casahistoria.net/images/Russian%20Surrender%20at%20Tannenberg.jpg

E. ArmisticeE. Armistice

1. The Germans 1. The Germans tried to attack one tried to attack one more time on the more time on the western front in the western front in the summer of 1918. summer of 1918. The attack failed.The attack failed.

2. On November 11, 2. On November 11, 1918, the German 1918, the German army surrendered to army surrendered to the Allied powers. the Allied powers. World War I was World War I was over.over.

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Why do you think America Why do you think America joining the war made it end joining the war made it end

faster?faster?American Soldiers entered the war American Soldiers entered the war

late so they were well rested.late so they were well rested.

America brought many supplies that America brought many supplies that the the AlliesAllies needed to help them needed to help them defeat the defeat the Central Powers.Central Powers.

How did the war finally end?How did the war finally end?

Germany was weak. America joined Germany was weak. America joined the war and did a lot of damage to the war and did a lot of damage to Germany and Russia had been Germany and Russia had been hurting them too.hurting them too.

Germany was out of supplies and Germany was out of supplies and had to give up. Nov 11, 1918had to give up. Nov 11, 1918

How do we prevent future How do we prevent future wars?wars?

According to U.S. President Woodrow According to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson: Let’s all be friends! We’ll Wilson: Let’s all be friends! We’ll start a start a League of NationsLeague of Nations. .

Goal: Encourage friendship and Goal: Encourage friendship and peace between all countries in Europepeace between all countries in Europe

BUT excluded Germany! AND U.S BUT excluded Germany! AND U.S didn’t want to join either.didn’t want to join either.

Another plan for peace: Another plan for peace: Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

Wilson also had an Wilson also had an idea for something idea for something called the called the Fourteen Points: Fourteen Points: plan for peace.plan for peace.

He thought of it He thought of it while fighting was while fighting was still going on in still going on in 1918. 1918.

Fourteen Points Fourteen Points

Some included:Some included: 1. reduce weapons 1. reduce weapons 2. All countries should have governments 2. All countries should have governments

like the U.S. (Democracy where people like the U.S. (Democracy where people vote for their own government)vote for their own government)

3. Germany should pay a FAIR amount for 3. Germany should pay a FAIR amount for war. Not too muchwar. Not too much

4. A 4. A League of Nations League of Nations should be should be started to prevent future wars.started to prevent future wars.

5. Countries shouldn’t be able to just 5. Countries shouldn’t be able to just TAKE land from other established TAKE land from other established countries (Imperialism)countries (Imperialism)

Problem with the PeaceProblem with the Peace Not everyone agreed Not everyone agreed

with them. In fact no with them. In fact no one else besides one else besides Wilson really liked Wilson really liked them all that much.them all that much.

The only one that was The only one that was really sort of liked was really sort of liked was the League of the League of Nations.Nations.

We’ll learn more We’ll learn more NEXT YEAR!NEXT YEAR!

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Final Project!Final Project!

ABC book!ABC book!