WORLD WAR I – THE WAR TO
END ALL WARSUS History
Objectives: **Explain the causes of World War I
SOL – VUS.9
Timeline – 1914-1917
ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND(JUNE 28, 1914)
Heir to the Austria-Hungary (A-H) throne Shot dead by a Serbian terrorist
THE GREAT WAR BEGINS A-H + Serbia have alliances around
Europe All declare war on each other
THE PLAYERS - THE ALLIED POWERS
Britain
France
Russia
THE PLAYERS - THE CENTRAL POWERS
Germany
Austria-Hungary (will be abbreviated A-H)
Ottoman Empire (aka: Turkey)
A WAR OF ATTRITION
A WAR OF ATTRITION
THE BRITISH NAVY RULED THE SEAS!
TRENCH WARFARE
Stay neutral **it’s a “European” war **make $$$ trading w/ both sides
PRESIDENT WILSON AND WORLD WAR I
(1914-1917)
Boat sunk by German U-boat **smuggling weapons to Britain?? **killed 128 USA
THE SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA(MAY 7, 1915)
German proposal to Mexico to form an alliance vs. USA
**telegraph leaked to America
THE ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAPH(JANUARY 1917)
Dear Mexico,If the US becomes involved in the war on the allies side, will you help us? Check: Yes No If you do, when we win, you will get back all the land you lost to America during the Mexican-American War.
Your BFFL, Germany
USA joins the Allied powers
DECLARING WAR(APRIL 6, 1917)
USA ties to Britain Win the war and show the World the
power of democracy
“MAKE THE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY”
Military Draft Rationing Goods **conservation days **victory gardens Buying war bonds
MOBILIZATION OF AMERICA(SUMMER 1917-SPRING 1918)
Re-energize the Allies **soldiers **war materials
AMERICA TO THE RESCUE(SPRING 1917-NOVEMBER 11, 1918)
Losing their Allies **Bulgaria (surrender Sept 29, 1918) **Ottoman Empire (surrender Oct 30,
1918) **Austria-Hungary (surrender Nov 3,
1918) Afraid the war will move into Germany
GERMANY IN TROUBLE
German surrender
“On the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month"
ARMISTICE DAY NOVEMBER 11, 1918
Casualties of World War I
Countries Total
Mobilized Killed & Died
Wounded Prisoners & Missing
Total Casualties
Casualties % of Mobilized
Allied Powers
Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 9,150,000 76.3
France 8,410,000 1,357,800 4,266,000 537,000 6,160,800 76.3
British Empire 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 3,190,235 35.8
Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 2,197,000 39.1
United States 4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,500 364,800 8.2
Japan 800,000 300 907 3 1,210 0.2
Romania 750,000 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706 71.4
Serbia 707,343 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106 46.8
Belgium 267,000 13,716 44,686 34,659 93,061 34.9
Greece 230,000 5,000 21,000 1,000 17,000 11.7
Portugal 100,000 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291 33.3
Montenegro 50,000 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000 40.0
Total 42,188,810 5,152,115 12,831,004 4,121,090 22,104,209 52.3
Central Powers
Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 4,216,058 1,152,800 7,142,558 64.9
Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 7,020,000 90.0
Turkey 2,850,000 325,000 400,000 250,000 975,000 34.2
Bulgaria 1,200,000 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919 22.2
Total 22,850,000 3,386,200 8,388,448 3,629,829 15,404,477 67.4
Grand Total 65,038,810 8,538,315 21,219,452 7,750,919 37,508,686 57.6
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES(JANUARY 1919)
Allies meet to decide terms of surrender for WWI
PRESIDENT WILSON AND THE 14 POINTS
Plan to eliminate causes of war
PLAN:1. SELF-DETERMINATION
Let displaced ethnic people have their own country **Czechoslavakia **Poland **Yugoslavia **Iran **Iraq
FREEDOM OF THE SEAS Recognition that all nations should be
allowed to travel in international waters safely
THE MANDATE SYSTEM Brings an end to winning countries
confiscating losing countries territories Imperialist territories of the Central
Powers were governed by the winners under a mandate of the L of N until the territories could govern themselves.
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
World organization to solve global problems
THE ALLIES AGENDA WAS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT!
Punish Germany!! Punish Germany!! Punish Germany!!
stripped of their colonies (Mandate System)military limited (German armed forces =
125,000 or less)Boundaries of German and Austria-Hungary
redrawn
THE WAR-GUILT CLAUSE
Forced Germany to claim fault for the war and pay a reparations bill ($33 billion)
YEAH……A LEAGUE OF NATIONS WAS CREATED!!!!!
REDRAW NATIONAL BOUNDARIES
Many new countries were created from the Empires that were at war:AustriaHungaryYugoslaviaCzechoslovakiaTurkey
THE SENATE HATES THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Objections to US foreign policy decisions being made by an international organization – not the US leaders
**want return to ISOLATIONISM
PRESIDENT WILSON ON TOUR(OCTOBER 2, 1919)
Wilson goes on a tour promoting his L of N
Suffers a stroke **left bed-ridden
THE DEATH OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
(MARCH 1920) US Senate does not ratify the Treaty
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS(1919-1946)
Fails to maintain world peace **no USA leadership **had no real power