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•WORLD WAR II
3rd Year History
•Invasion of Poland
• SS dressed up 29th of August
• 1st September GB and France declare war.
• Blitzkrieg• Luftwaffe, then Panzers then motorised infantry. Poland defeated in 5 weeks.
•Phoney War >Denmark and Norway
• Fighting on sea only until….
• Spring 1940 Denmark defeated by Germans in a day.
• Norway invaded to protect neutral Sweden’s iron ore getting to Germany.
• Quisling installed as nazi puppet in Norway.
•France• Wrong to think the Ardennes would send the Germans through Belgium (Maginot Line).
• Dunkirk 300,000: British and French troops evacuated in ‘Operation Dynamo’
• France surrendered in the same railway carriage as Germans had.
• Vichy France and Occupied France.
• Resistance movement.
•Operation Sea Lion and The Battle of Britain
• German plan = Sea Lion
• Churchill ‘We shall never surrender’.
• RAF Spitfire and Hurricanes and Radar Vs Luftwaffe.
• The Blitz: Civilian cities targeted allows RAF recover.
•North Africa
• Libyan Oil crucial to war.• Italy incompetent.• Rommel’s Afrika corp successful at first.• Montgomery and El Alamein a turning point.
•Operation Barbarossa• June 1941: 3 pronged attack on Leningrad, Moscow and Kiev.
• Russian retreat. Scorched earth policy.
• Stalin’s ‘Great Patriotic War’• German troops and machines not able for Russian winter.
• Stalingrad (control of Caucasus oil fields) big turning point.
•USA Joins the War• USA had supplied food and weapons to GB. Allied convoys had tried to fend off U-Boat ‘Wolfpacks’.
• Japan’s Empire.• Dec 1941 Pearl Harbour. US navy lucky as only 18 ships sunk.
• Eventually Alllied ships, weapons (depth charges), sonar, code-breaking and air reconnaissance won.
•Allied Bombing& Allied Advance 1942-1945• US Flying Fortresses and GB Lancasters bombed German cities and factories.
• German retaliation with V1 and V2.
• GB and US troops up through Italy.
• Russians push Germans back.
• Battle of the Kursk (biggest tank battle)
•Operation Overlord (D-Day)• D-Day 6 June 1944 Normandy (shallow) Utah, Omaha, Juno, Gold and Sword.
• Mulberry Harbours. Gliders and parachutes.
• Pluto the pipeline.• Battle of the Bulge• Hitler’s suicide and VE day 15th August 1945
•Defeat of Japan
• US helped by Austalia and GB.
• Island hopping. Aircraft carriers. Kamakazi.
• Battles of Midway, Coral Sea and Iwo Jima.
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
•Why the Allies Won
•Bigger armies•USA wealth and weapons ‘the arsenal of democracy’•Oil
•Results of WW2
• Destruction (Marshall Aid)• Nuremberg trials• Germany divided• Cold War• Super powers• European Unity