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World War IIWorld War IIWorld in FlamesWorld in Flames

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Causes of World War IICauses of World War II World War I and the worldwide World War I and the worldwide

economic depression devastated economic depression devastated Europe.Europe.

Political and Social unrest led to the Political and Social unrest led to the rise of totalitarian political parties – rise of totalitarian political parties – Nazi and Fascists PartiesNazi and Fascists Parties

Charismatic leaders like Adolf Hitler Charismatic leaders like Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini rose to power.and Benito Mussolini rose to power.

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Adolf HilterAdolf Hilter•Took advantage of German resentment over WWI to win support for Nazi Party.•Ascended to power in 1933, known as the “Fuhrer” (leader)•Called his government the ‘Third Reich’ and empire that would last a thousand years•Blamed the Jews for all of Germany’s problems

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Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini•dictator of Italy from 1922- 1945• head of the Fascist party•executed after he was overthrown by Italian King; hung from meat hooks to prove his death to the public

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Hitler’s AggressionHitler’s Aggression 1936 Germany occupies the 1936 Germany occupies the RhinelandRhineland

without any opposition without any opposition 1938 Germany annexes 1938 Germany annexes AustriaAustria with with

no resistanceno resistance 1938 demands the right to annex the 1938 demands the right to annex the

SudetenlandSudetenland region of Czechoslovakia region of Czechoslovakia Hitler’s aggression is setting the stage Hitler’s aggression is setting the stage

of WWIIof WWII

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Hitler’s AggressionHitler’s Aggression In an effort to avoid war, Great In an effort to avoid war, Great

Britain and France give into Germany Britain and France give into Germany for a promise not to invade anymore for a promise not to invade anymore territoriesterritories

This policy was known as This policy was known as appeasementappeasement

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Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill A member of parliament at the time, he said,

“Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.”

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JapanJapan•In the 1920’s and 1930’s, Japan began to aggressively expand its territory•Japan had become a modern country but had few resources, so it choose to take the resources that it needed.•Japan invades Manchuria – a province in China in 1931•Captures most of the coastal cities but is unable to control inland•Japan Joins the Axis powers in 1940

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U.S. ReactionsU.S. Reactions Congress passes the Congress passes the Neutrality Act of Neutrality Act of

19391939 and considers a Constitutional and considers a Constitutional amendment to restrict the amendment to restrict the governments power to declare war.governments power to declare war.

President Roosevelt keeps a President Roosevelt keeps a suspicious eye on both Germany and suspicious eye on both Germany and Japan.Japan.

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U.S. ReactionsU.S. Reactions Roosevelt had to deal with racial tensions Roosevelt had to deal with racial tensions

in the U.S. armed forcesin the U.S. armed forces A. Phillip RandolphA. Phillip Randolph, a civil rights leader, , a civil rights leader,

proposed a march on Washington D.C. to proposed a march on Washington D.C. to protest racial discrimination in the military.protest racial discrimination in the military.

Roosevelt supports the Roosevelt supports the Fair Employment Fair Employment ActAct Prohibits discrimination in defense industryProhibits discrimination in defense industry First law against employment discriminationFirst law against employment discrimination

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Major Events Major Events and and

Battles Battles of of

World War IIWorld War II

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The War in EuropeThe War in Europe Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler launches WWII by Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler launches WWII by

invading invading PolandPoland He choose to invade Poland because it He choose to invade Poland because it

stood between Germany and Russiastood between Germany and Russia He signs a He signs a Non-aggression PactNon-aggression Pact with Russia with Russia

agreeing to divide Poland.agreeing to divide Poland. Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin, dictator of USSR, agrees to , dictator of USSR, agrees to

buy time to build up his forces.buy time to build up his forces. Britain and France declare war on Germany!Britain and France declare war on Germany!

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The Fall of France.The Fall of France.

April 1940, Germany conquers April 1940, Germany conquers Denmark, NorwayDenmark, Norway

In less than one month, Germany In less than one month, Germany overruns the Netherlands, Belgium, overruns the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and FranceLuxembourg and France

Hitler wanted to establish peace with Hitler wanted to establish peace with Britain so that he could turn his Britain so that he could turn his efforts toward Russiaefforts toward Russia

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Battle of BritainBattle of Britain Winston Churchill finds himself alone in Winston Churchill finds himself alone in

Europe to fight Hitler.Europe to fight Hitler. Hitler knew that he had to destroy Hitler knew that he had to destroy

Britain’s Royal Air Force before Britain’s Royal Air Force before launching an invasion of England.launching an invasion of England.

Nightly bombings of London Nightly bombings of London strengthened the British and Churchill in strengthened the British and Churchill in their fight.their fight.

Hitler gives up his plan to invade Britain. Hitler gives up his plan to invade Britain.

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The United States Enters the The United States Enters the WarWar

Roosevelt wins a third term to office Roosevelt wins a third term to office in 1940in 1940

He is convinced that America can’t He is convinced that America can’t afford to stay out of the war.afford to stay out of the war.

1941 Congress passes the 1941 Congress passes the Lend-Lend-Lease ActLease Act – we would send aid to any – we would send aid to any country deemed vital to the U.S. and country deemed vital to the U.S. and defer payment until later. defer payment until later.

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Pearl HarborPearl Harbor U.S. imposes an embargo on oil and steel U.S. imposes an embargo on oil and steel

to Japan.to Japan. Japan sets its sights on the natural Japan sets its sights on the natural

resources of the Dutch East Indies.resources of the Dutch East Indies. Japan had to deal with the US Naval fleet Japan had to deal with the US Naval fleet

at Pearl Harbor, Hawaiiat Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Japan delivers a surprise attack on Japan delivers a surprise attack on

December 7, 1941December 7, 1941 ““A day that will live in infamy”A day that will live in infamy” -Roosevelt -Roosevelt

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Internment CampsInternment Camps Many suspected that Japanese, Many suspected that Japanese,

German and Italian Americans would German and Italian Americans would support the Axis powerssupport the Axis powers

Thousands were relocated to Thousands were relocated to internment campsinternment camps

American military forced 100,000 American military forced 100,000 Japanese Americans to leave their Japanese Americans to leave their homes.homes.

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Internment CampsInternment Camps Korematsu vs. United StatesKorematsu vs. United States said said

relocation was constitutional based relocation was constitutional based on military urgency; on military urgency;

Ex Parte EndoEx Parte Endo case ruled that loyal case ruled that loyal Americans could not be held against Americans could not be held against their will.their will.

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War in EuropeWar in Europe Three days after Pearl Harbor, Germany Three days after Pearl Harbor, Germany

and Italy declared war on Americaand Italy declared war on America Hitler had also invaded RussiaHitler had also invaded Russia The United States, Russia and Great The United States, Russia and Great

Britain stood as the Allied PowersBritain stood as the Allied Powers The Allies drive the Axis out of North The Allies drive the Axis out of North

Africa and parts of Italy and prepare for Africa and parts of Italy and prepare for an invasion of Western Europe.an invasion of Western Europe.

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D-DayD-Day Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt meet in Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt meet in

Dec. 1943 Dec. 1943 Soviets wanted Britain and American Soviets wanted Britain and American

to open a second front against to open a second front against GermanyGermany

General Dwight D. Eisenhower is General Dwight D. Eisenhower is appointed as Supreme Allied appointed as Supreme Allied Commander of Operation Overlord.Commander of Operation Overlord.

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Operation OverlordOperation Overlord Involved hundreds of thousands of Involved hundreds of thousands of

troopstroops Largest amphibious invasion in military Largest amphibious invasion in military

history.history. Launched June 6, 1944Launched June 6, 1944 500,000 troops come ashore in 500,000 troops come ashore in

Normandy, FranceNormandy, France August, 1944 Allies liberate ParisAugust, 1944 Allies liberate Paris

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Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge Last major offensive battle for Germany; Last major offensive battle for Germany;

attempt to break through allied lines to attempt to break through allied lines to capture Antwerp, Belgiumcapture Antwerp, Belgium

The Battle of the Bulge was the bloodiest The Battle of the Bulge was the bloodiest of the battles that U.S. forces experienced of the battles that U.S. forces experienced in World War II;in World War II;

the 19,000 American dead were the 19,000 American dead were unsurpassed by those of any other unsurpassed by those of any other engagement engagement

Germans finally turned back – Allies move Germans finally turned back – Allies move on Berlinon Berlin

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Fall of BerlinFall of Berlin ", two massive ", two massive SovietSoviet army groups army groups

attacked attacked BerlinBerlin from the east and from the east and south, while a third overran German south, while a third overran German forces positioned north of Berlinforces positioned north of Berlin

one of the final battles of the one of the final battles of the European Theatre of World War II.

Hitler committed suicide in his bunker Hitler committed suicide in his bunker as the Soviets approached the city. as the Soviets approached the city.

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V-E DayV-E Day President Roosevelt dies will in office President Roosevelt dies will in office

shortly before the war is over.shortly before the war is over. Harry Truman becomes presidentHarry Truman becomes president Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day) = Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day) =

May 8, 1945May 8, 1945

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HolocaustHolocaust The invasion of Europe uncovered the The invasion of Europe uncovered the

horrible atrocities committed by the Nazi’s horrible atrocities committed by the Nazi’s Nazi’s targeted people they felt were Nazi’s targeted people they felt were

inferior or unfit – especially the Jewish inferior or unfit – especially the Jewish people.people.

He blamed the Jewish people for all of He blamed the Jewish people for all of Germany’s problems when he took power.Germany’s problems when he took power.

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HolocaustHolocaust The anti-semetism progressed to Hitler’s The anti-semetism progressed to Hitler’s

Final SolutionFinal Solution to the Jewish problem to the Jewish problem The Nazi’s attempt to exterminate the The Nazi’s attempt to exterminate the

Jewish race through mass genocideJewish race through mass genocide Jews would be rounded up and placed in Jews would be rounded up and placed in

concentration camps for extermination.concentration camps for extermination. Approximately six million Jews and five Approximately six million Jews and five

million undesirables were killed .million undesirables were killed .

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War in the PacificWar in the Pacific Within hours of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Within hours of the attack on Pearl Harbor,

Japan also attacked the Philippines, Japan also attacked the Philippines, destroying half U.S. planes stationed destroying half U.S. planes stationed there.there.

Japanese forces invade and eventually Japanese forces invade and eventually take the Islandstake the Islands

General Douglas MacArthur forced to General Douglas MacArthur forced to abandon the Philippines, vowing to its abandon the Philippines, vowing to its people that he would return.people that he would return.

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Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March the forcible transfer of 90,000 to 100,000 the forcible transfer of 90,000 to 100,000

American and Filipino prisoners of war American and Filipino prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in the Philippines captured by the Japanese in the Philippines from the Bataan peninsula to from the Bataan peninsula to prison campsprison camps,,

Characterized by wide-ranging physical Characterized by wide-ranging physical abuse, murder, savagery, and resulted in abuse, murder, savagery, and resulted in very high fatalities inflicted upon the very high fatalities inflicted upon the prisoners and civilians along the route by prisoners and civilians along the route by the the armed forces of the Empire of Japan

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The Battle of Midway and Island The Battle of Midway and Island HoppingHopping

Admiral Yamamoto – considered a Admiral Yamamoto – considered a military genius for his attack on Pearl military genius for his attack on Pearl Harbor wanted to destroy the Harbor wanted to destroy the remainder of the US Fleetremainder of the US Fleet

Battle of Midway – a surprise by the Battle of Midway – a surprise by the American Navy on Japan American Navy on Japan

American victory –allows US to go on American victory –allows US to go on the offense in the Pacificthe offense in the Pacific

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Island HoppingIsland Hopping The U.S. decided to advance on Japan from The U.S. decided to advance on Japan from

two directions.two directions. Across the central Pacific under Admiral Across the central Pacific under Admiral

NimitzNimitz.. From the South under General From the South under General MacArthurMacArthur

and and HalseyHalsey The southern route required an invasion of The southern route required an invasion of

the Philippines which MacArthur had the Philippines which MacArthur had promised to the people of the Philippines.promised to the people of the Philippines.

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Island HoppingIsland HoppingThe U.S. began a process of island hopping, in which it attacked and conquered one group of islands and moved onto the next.

“People of the Philippines , I have returned.”

MacArthur

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Island HoppingIsland Hopping In desperation, Japan turned to the In desperation, Japan turned to the

use of use of KamikazeKamikaze pilots to try and avoid pilots to try and avoid defeatdefeat

Kamikazes were pilots who committed Kamikazes were pilots who committed suicide by intentionally crashing their suicide by intentionally crashing their planes into U.S. shipsplanes into U.S. ships

Famous battles include – Famous battles include – Iwo Jima. Iwo Jima. Guadalcanal, OkinawaGuadalcanal, Okinawa

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Atomic BombAtomic Bomb The capture of Okinawa cleared the The capture of Okinawa cleared the

way for the invasion of Japan.way for the invasion of Japan. Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project was conducted to was conducted to

build the first atomic bomb; project build the first atomic bomb; project was based in Los Alamos, New was based in Los Alamos, New Mexico.Mexico.

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Potsdam ConferencePotsdam Conference Harry Truman, Churchill and Stalin Harry Truman, Churchill and Stalin

meet to discuss post war policies.meet to discuss post war policies. Potsdam Declaration restated their Potsdam Declaration restated their

policy of unconditional surrenderpolicy of unconditional surrender Japanese insisted on the condition that Japanese insisted on the condition that

the Emperor would be protected.the Emperor would be protected. Truman authorized the use of the bombTruman authorized the use of the bomb

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Victory in JapanVictory in Japan August 6, 1945, a B-29 bomber named the August 6, 1945, a B-29 bomber named the

Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japanon the city of Hiroshima, Japan

August 8, 1945, the Soviet Union invaded August 8, 1945, the Soviet Union invaded ManchuriaManchuria

When Japan delayed its surrender, August When Japan delayed its surrender, August 9, 1945 , America dropped the second 9, 1945 , America dropped the second bomb on Nagasaki.bomb on Nagasaki.

Japan finally surrendered on August 14, Japan finally surrendered on August 14, 19451945

The next day was declared V-J Day The next day was declared V-J Day

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The War at HomeThe War at Home The government realized the support The government realized the support

of the American People was crucial to of the American People was crucial to victoryvictory

They launched huge advertising They launched huge advertising campaign and theaters played campaign and theaters played newsreels that showed American war newsreels that showed American war effort in a positive lighteffort in a positive light

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War Production BoardWar Production Board The U.S. economy had to switch from The U.S. economy had to switch from

peacetime to wartime as quickly as possible.peacetime to wartime as quickly as possible. Roosevelt set up the War production Board Roosevelt set up the War production Board

(WPB) to oversee the transformation.(WPB) to oversee the transformation. It redirected the raw materials and resources It redirected the raw materials and resources

from the production of consumer goods to from the production of consumer goods to the production of military goods.the production of military goods.

The U.S economy boomed and the western The U.S economy boomed and the western population increased rapidly.population increased rapidly.

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Income Tax and War BondsIncome Tax and War Bonds The number of people required to pay The number of people required to pay

income tax increasedincome tax increased The government introduced the idea of The government introduced the idea of

withholding income tax from people’s withholding income tax from people’s paychecks and give it to the paychecks and give it to the government government

War bonds were used as another War bonds were used as another source. Americans loaned the govt. source. Americans loaned the govt. $60 million dollars.$60 million dollars.

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Citizen SacrificeCitizen Sacrifice People started growing victory gardens of People started growing victory gardens of

their own food so that more food could be their own food so that more food could be sent to soldiers.sent to soldiers.

Rationing programs were started to Rationing programs were started to control how certain resources were control how certain resources were distributed.distributed.

Government forced people to conserve Government forced people to conserve resources that were needed for the war resources that were needed for the war efforteffort

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““Rosie the Riveter”Rosie the Riveter”•Women took jobs normally reserved for men.•Women became an important part of the workforce at home.•A popular song was called Rosie the Riveter•It became the symbol of women who entered the workforce to fill the gap.