Chapter 26

World War II

WWII was the most destructive conflict in history. It cost more money, damaged more property, killed more people and caused more far reaching changes than any other war in history

21 million Russians will die

Just the Facts

There will be 2 fronts:Eastern Front with RussiaWestern Front in countries bordering

the Atlantic Ocean

For every 5 German soldiers who died, 4 of them died on the Eastern Front

Just the Facts

The Holocaust is the name given to the genocide during WWII. A genocide against Jews.

Genocide: “the deliberate and systematic destruction of an ethnic, racial, religious or national group”

Just the Facts: the Holocaust

3 million men, 2 million women, and 1 million kids will die by murder, torture, science experiments, starvation, and disease.

Total: about 6 million Jews

Just the Facts: The Holocaust

Jews were subject to gruesome medical experiments

Nazi doctors would:break bones repeatedly to see how many

times it could be done before a bone could not heal

Hit people’s heads to see what the skull could withstand

Inject different drugs and diseasesAttempted muscle transplants

Just the Facts

The bloodiest battle in the history of the world (Stalingrad= 800,000-1,600,000 causalities)

The bloodiest battle for Americans in history (Battle of the Bulge= 80,000 deaths)

The swastika is an ancient symbol found in Greece, Egypt, China, India and Hindu temples and means good fortune/fertility

Just the Facts

Dr. Josef Mengele (“Angel of Death”)

3,000 twins were tested on

200 survived.

Just the Facts

Military budget in 1940 was $1.9 billion

In 1945 it was $59.8 billion

650,000 jeeps 300,000 planes89,000 tanks 3 million machine guns7 million rifles

Just the Facts

WWII resulted in Europe no longer being the center of the world power and the rise of U.S. and Russia as super powers.

Hamburgers were called Liberty Steaks so that they didn’t have a German name.

Just the Facts

Section 1: The Road to War

1. Land of Dictators 2. America’s Isolationism3. Germany ignores everyone

1. Buying stocks with loans2. Work relief program3. System for buying and selling

shares

11. According to the line graph in what period did stock prices rise dramatically?

Benito Mussolini - Leader of Italy- Civil liberties gone, no freedom of the press- Built up military- Fascist (nearly invented the word)- Conquered Ethiopia (1935) and Albania

(1939, 5 days) - Joined Germany (Axis power) because…?

Land of Dictators: Italy

Nazi’s lead a protest/revolt and was arrested (early 1920s)

1925, he wrote Mein Kampf (my struggle/battle) where he laid out his anti-Semitic thoughts

Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany 1/30/33 (Chancellor is similar to our Speak of the House)

Hitler was leader of the National Socialist PartyHe was one of the best speakers in the partyWas chosen because

1. Planted Nazi members into government2. Depression welcomed change, encouraging

Land of Dictators: Germany

Joseph Stalin

Executed rivals and sent millions to labor camps

Land of Dictators: Russia

Japan’s economy was in a Depression: lack of jobs and food.

They decided they needed more land and resources.

September 1931, Japan invades Manchuria (Northern region of China)

II. America Isolationism

Japan

• In 1931, Japan seized Manchuria, China, for its valuable coal and iron.

• Japan felt that they had the right to start an overseas empire, just as European countries such as Britain and France had.

Our response to Japan?Passed Neutrality Act: banned weapon sales

and loans

Most Americans wanted to stay out of world affairs.

We choose isolationism.------------------------------------------------FDR will use his Fireside chats to slowly

convince Americans to join the cause. He was outwardly against war but secretly helping Britain.

II. America’s Isolationism

1922: Mussolini becomes dictator in Italy1923: Stalin starts to take control in Russia1933: Hitler takes control in Germany and

sets up a totalitarian state1935: Italy invades Ethiopia1935&1937: American’s reinforce

isolationism by passing the Neutrality Acts1939: Italy invades Albania

Review of yesterday

1936: Hitler orders his German troops into an area called the Rhineland (borders with France)

Hitler’s goal was to bring together all German speaking countries.

1938: Annexed Austria1938: Sudetenland (being mistreated)

Germany on the March

· 1938 – Germany annexed Austria.

War in Europe

· 1936 – German troops move into the Rhineland, bordering France and Belgium.

* Both of these actions violated the Versailles Treaty.

Czechoslovakia was ready to stop Germany.

Munich Conference was meant to stop a war.

Appeasement: Avoid war by accepting demands.

Munich Conference gave Germany Sudetenland by telling Czech they were on their own if they don’t.

Germany on the March

· 1938 – Germany claimed the Sudetenland, a part of Czechoslovakia.

A Sudetenland woman weeps tears of joy when German troops enter the territory.

Before signing the Munich agreement. From left to right: Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini, Ciano

· Sept. 1938 – At the Munich Conference, Hitler invited the leaders of Britain and France to Germany and assured them that he wanted no more territory.

* Britain and France gave into Germany hoping that it would avoid warfare. This was known as appeasement.

Soviet poster of the 1930's by Kukryniksy on the Munich agreement.

Hitler promised that Czech was the all he wanted…

1939: Hitler takes the rest of Czechoslovakia

Next? PolandBut Hitler stopped so he would not anger

Russia (too close to Russia)Why is angering Russia a bad idea?

Germany on the March

* However, in 1939, Germany invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia anyway!

August 1939: Russia and Germany sign the Soviet-German Non Aggression Pact

Agreement not to attack each other, Germany is now ready to take Poland.

Germany on the March

Stalin and Hitler

•1939 – In the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Hitler and Stalin agreed not to attack one another.

• Stalin and Hitler also agreed to divide Poland and Eastern Europe amongst themselves.

* Two days later, Britain and France declared war on Germany.

• September 1, 1939 – Germany invaded Poland without having to fear a Soviet attack.