World War II Section 1 - Geneva Area City Schools 14-1 powerpoint.pdf · World War II Section 1...

World War II Section 1


Preview

• Starting Points Map: Europe, 1930s

• Main Idea / Reading Focus

• Germany Expands

• Map: Axis Advances

• Alliances and Civil War

Axis Aggression

http://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?keyword=shl%20maps



Preview, continued

• The War Begins

• Faces of History: Winston Churchill

• Japan Attacks

Axis Aggression

World War II Section 1Ch 13-4 Learning Goal/Content Statement

• Explain how the consequences of World

War I and the worldwide depression set the

stage for the rise of totalitarianism,

aggressive Axis expansion and the policy of

appeasement which in turn led to World War

II.

World War II Section 1Ch 14-1 Vocabulary

• Appeasement

• Winston Churchill:

• Axis Powers:.

• nonaggression pact:

• blitzkrieg

• Allies

• Battle of Britain: (1940)

• Hideki Tojo

• Isolationism:

World War II Section 1Ch 14-1 vocabulary

• Appeasement : giving in to aggressive demands in order to

avoid war.

• -Italy/Ethiopia

• -Japan/Manchuria, China

• -Germany/Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland,

Czechoslovakia, Poland p.438

• Winston Churchill: (1874-1965) British prime minister; he

opposed the policy of appeasement and led Great Britain

through WWII.

• Axis Powers: the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan in

WWII.

• nonaggression pact: an agreement between nations to not

attack one another.

•

World War II Section 1Ch 14-1 vocabulary

• blitzkrieg: a German ―lightning war‖; a fast, forceful style of

fighting used by Germans in WWII

• Allies: the alliance of Britain, France, and Russia in WWII;

joined by the United States after the Japanese bombing of

Pearl Harbor in 1941.

• Battle of Britain: (1940) three month air battle between

Germany and Great Britain fought over Great Britain during

WWII; Britain’s victory forestalled a German invasion.

• Hideki Tojo: (1884-1948) Japanese nationalist and general;

he took control of Japan during WWII. He was later tried and

executed for war crimes.

• Isolationism: staying out of the affairs and wars of other

nations; the position initially held by the United States at the

Beginning of WWII.


Click the icon to play

Listen to History

audio.

Click the icon below

to connect to the

Interactive Maps.



World War II Section 11) How did the Treaty of Versailles make Germans feel? What

was lebensraum? Who was unwilling to do what?

• -severely damaged the German economy

• -terms of the treaty left Germans feeling humiliated

• -Lebensraum (LAY-buhnz-rowm): Hitler wanted

nation to have lebensraum or, ―living space‖ in

which the German people could grow and prosper.

• -Hitler wanted Germany to have more territory.

• -Germany’s neighbors were aware of the threat of

German expansion.

• -no one was willing to fight over Hitler’s words.

World War II Section 12) What did Hitler begin to do in secret? What did

this violate?

• -Hitler realized nobody wanted to fight over his

words or actions

• -became chancellor in 1933

• -Began to secretly rebuild the German military

which had been greatly weakened post WWI

• -violations of Treaty of Versailles

RESENTMENT!!!

• -Hitler signed treaty in 1935 allowing to build

submarines and warships in the name of stopping

the spread of communism; actually planning to

build a mighty German empire.

World War II Section 13)What does Hitler do in 1936? What did this violate? How do

Britain and France react? Hitler grows what?

• -he was ready to take more direct action

• -March: sent a small armed force into the Rhineland

this was territory that bordered France.

• -Hitler claimed to be reacting to a recent French-Soviet

military agreement , which he said threatened Germany.

• -violates Treaty of Versailles!!!; which required Germany

to stay out of that zone.

• -Britain and France complained about Germany violating

the treaty

• -Britain and France took no direct action German

troops remained in the Rhineland and Hitler grew bolder.


• Hitler demanded Austrian

officials accept annexation

(Anschluss): officially join

another country

• Initial Austrian resistance

• Britain and France did nothing

• March 1938-unopposed

German forces take over

Austria

• Austria Agreed to annexation

because they knew Germany

could take over forcefully if

needed.

Hitler’s demands

• Europeans eager to avoid war

• Hitler plotted his moves

• Target-Austria

• German-speaking country

• Hitler’s birthplace

• Nazi supporters in Austria

Aggressive moves

4.Annexing Austria


Another German-speaking population

• Sudetenland eager to be a part of Germany

• Hitler threatened the Czech government

• Czechs prepared for war

Policy of appeasement

• Appeasement—giving in to aggressive demands in order to avoid war

• Winston Churchill opposed the policy

• ―Peace for our time‖ according to Chamberlain

• Churchill blasts Chamberlain. ―Why not make a stand (against Hitler) while there is

still a good company of united, very powerful countries?‖

Avoiding conflict

• September 1938—meeting in Munich: Munich Agreement: no more territorial demands

• Chamberlain (British) and Daladier (French) agreed not to block Hitler

• British and French were more interested in avoiding conflict.

• Czechs had no support: would fight Germany alone. Accept Germany’s terms.

5.Threats to Czechoslovakia


Appeasement Map



World War II Section 16)Where else did totalitarian regimes emerge? They

showed a disregard for what?

• -Italy and Japan

• -Showed disregard for the opinions of other

nations NATIONALISM


7) What did Germany, Italy, and Japan form?

• -formed a series of military alliances

• -AXIS POWERS

• -Anti-Comintern Pact (1936): vs communists

World War II Section 18) Why were Germany and Italy seen as natural enemies to

the Soviet Union? What happens that is surprising?

-1930’s Fascist Germany and Italy strongly opposed the Communist

Soviet Union

• -fascism and communism were very different.

• -fascism was based in extreme nationalism and loyalty to the state.

• -communism sought international change and a classless society.

• -Stalin worried about Germany military expansion

• -1939 British and French officials discussed a possible alliance with the

Soviets, but Stalin had lost faith in their ability to protect his country from

the Germans. He was secretly negotiating with the Germans.

• -NONAGGRESSION PACT: signed between U.S.S.R. and Germany

• -allowed further German aggression in Europe

• -secret section of the pact recognized each side’s right tot take territory

in Eastern Europe, including dividing Poland into Soviet and German

areas

• -News of the pact shocked Britain and France, hoped the Soviets would

support themWWI Russia on the side of The Allies.

World War II Section 19)What happens on September 1, 1939? How was Poland

defenseless? What happens on Sept. 3, 1939?

• -Germany launches an attack on Poland; wants

their land

• -*blitzkrieg : ―lightning war‖, it emphasized

speed and close coordination between planes

in the air and fast-moving forces on the ground

• -Polish air force destroyed quickly.

• -Poland countryside offered few natural barriers

to slow the blitzkrieg.

• -Sept. 3, 1939: Great Britain and France

declare war on Germany in response to attack

on Poland.

World War II Section 110)Causes of World War I and World War II

Causes of WWI Similarities Causes of WWII

-Rivalries due to imperialism

-military alliancesTriple Alliance and Triple Entente

-assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Imperialism: Imperialism vs. AppeasementNationalismAlliances: Axis Powers vs. Central powersMilitarism

-Era of Appeasement*Japan and Manchuria*Italy and Ethiopia, and Albania*Germany and Rhineland, Sudetenland, AustriaCzechoslovakia,

World War II Section 1German Expansion



World War II Section 111) What happens during combat France and Britain? List 2 facts for each.

Sept.1939-March 1940 *Sitzkrieg: phony war

April 1940 Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway. Lightly defended.

» This improved Germany’s access to the Atlantic.

» Both countries fell with little resistance.

May 1940 Germans invaded France.

» Germans conquered the Netherlands and stormed into Belgium.

» Belgian, British, and French troops tried to stop the Germans in Belgium.

» By early June the Germans had trapped hundreds of thousands of Allied soldiers at the French port of Dunkirk.

» Meanwhile, German forces attacked France through the Ardennes. The Maginot Line had been bypassed.

June 1940 France surrendered to Germany and Italy.

» The unoccupied part of France was known as Vichy France.

» Many French leaders, including Charles de Gaulle, fled to Great Britain to organize resistance to German and Vichy control of France.

**Battle of Britain**: Hitler attempts to invade Britain with Luftwaffe. Is unsuccessful.

World War II Section 1Maginot Line


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antitankrails.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blockhousemomderichtolsheim.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hochwald_historic_photo.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Casematedambachnord.jpg

World War II Section 112)What happens in June of 1941? Who does this

bring into the war?

-Hitler broke the non-aggression pact with Stalin and sent

3 million troops into the Soviet Union.

• -Brings Russia into the war.

• -at first blitzkrieg was very effective

• -Soviet Army was large in numbers but ill prepared for war

• -Germans had pushed deep into Soviet territory, but had not

managed to reach Russia’s capital of Leningrad by autumn of

1941.

• -Germans had not prepared for the extremely harsh

temperatures of the Soviet winter.

• -Germans lacked warm clothing and their vehicles and

equipment worked poorly in the cold.

• -Soviets begin to fight back in winter of 1941-1942

Germany’s great blunder.







World War II Section 1EUROPE UNDER AXIS CONTROL



World War II Section 113)What had Americans banned to Japan?

• -Japan continued territorial expansion moved

into French Indochina.

• -area was rich in oil, rubber, and other natural

resources.

• -WHY WAS U.S. NERVOUS ABOUT

PACIFIC??? Hawaii

• -Nervous American officials banned the sale of

oil to Japan; move was designed to slow the

Japanese war machine.

• -Peace talks continued between Japan and

U.S. but Japan planned for war

World War II Section 113)What happens on December 7, 1941? List at least

3 facts.

• -U.S. saw treaty between Germany and Japan as cause for concern

• Japan initiates surprise attack on U.S. Navy Pacific Fleet

• Attack lasted two hours

• December 7, 1941

• Fighters and bombers launched from carriers

• Raid a success

• Major destruction

• Heavy casualties

– 2,400 dead

– 200 planes gone

– Eight battleships sunk

• Three carriers survived

• -APPEASEMENT Japan thought all would be forgiven and they

would get their oil back.

World War II Section 114) What was America’s Response to Pearl Harbor?

• -had a profound impact

• -prior to that point most Americans believed

U.S. should stay out of the war *Isolationism

• -Isolationism common because many

questioned what Allied victory in WWI had

actually accomplished

• -Did WWI accomplish anything???

• -On December 8, 1941 U.S. declares war on

Japan. Three days later Germany and Italy

declare war on U.S.


Reading Focus

• In what ways did Germany expand in the late 1930s?

• What alliances did Axis nations make in the 1930s?

• How did the war begin?

• What were the causes and effects of Japan’s attack on the

United States?

Main Idea

In the late 1930s Germany, Italy, and Japan used military force to

build empires. Their aggressive actions led to the outbreak of

World War II.

Axis Aggression


1.Germany Expands

After World War I

• Treaty of Versailles seriously damaged German

economy. Germany felt humiliated. RESENTFUL

• Adolf Hitler came to power

– Promised to restore Germany’s greatness

– Lebensraum, or ―living room‖

• Hitler wanted more territory

– Neighbors aware of threat

– Memories of World War I still fresh

– No one willing to fight over words


Militarizing the Rhineland

• Direct action in 1936

• Armed force sent to the Rhineland

• French and British complained; no direct action taken

• German troops remained; Hitler grew bolder

Rebuilding the German Military

• Hitler controlled German government by 1933

• Secretly rebuilt military

• Unchallenged—openly stated plan to re-arm Germany

• Claimed resisting spread of communism—but empire building


../../about/credits.xls

../../about/license_agreement.doc


Hitler builds alliances with other totalitarian governments.

• Military force to achieve goals

• Anti-Comintern Pact

– Germany and Japan

– Prevent spread of

communism

– Oppose USSR

• Italy joins Axis Powers later

• Military alliance

• Pledge aid in event of war

The Axis forms

• Political conflict begins in 1936

• Italy and Germany support

fascist Nationalists

• Soviet Union supports

Republicans

• Nationalists win after years of

fighting

– Francisco Franco

– Fascist dictator

Spanish Civil War

Alliances and Civil War


A Secret Deal with Stalin

• Germany and Soviet Union on opposing sides in Spanish Civil War

– No direct conflict

– Axis Powers united against Soviet Union

– Soviet leader Joseph Stalin threatened by German expansion

• France and Britain discuss possible alliance with Soviet Union

– Stalin did not trust British or French

– In secret negotiations with Germans

• German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

– Each side agreed not to attack the other; allowed further German aggression in Europe

– Secret section divided up territory in Eastern Europe

• News shocked British and French; Hitler definitely on the march


Identify Supporting Details

With whom did Hitler seek alliances

in the late 1930s?

Answer(s): Japan and Italy; he also signed a

nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union


September 1, 1939

• Germany attacked Poland

• World War II begins

• Blitzkrieg or ―lightning war‖

Support for Poland

• Britain and France declared war

on Germany

• Allies gave no real help

• Poland fell into German hands

Devastating effects

• Polish air force destroyed

• Soldiers fought; no match for

German forces

• No natural barriers in the way

German troops in position

• On Germany’s western border

• Hitler eager for assault on

France

• Plans for invasion made

The War Begins


Attack on France

• Denmark and Norway captured; the Netherlands and Belgium

followed

• Tank attack through Ardennes; overwhelmed light resistance there

• Heroic Dunkirk rescue; France surrendered in June 1940

Battle for Britain

• Great Britain stood alone against German war machine; Churchill

now leader

• Radar technology secret weapon for air defense

• British stood firm during Battle of Britain; Hitler called off invasion

plans

1940–1941



• June 1941, Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union

had initial successes

• Major goals of Leningrad and Moscow not

reached before harsh Soviet winter

• Soviet armies had time to rebuild and would fight

back

Invasion of the Soviet Union


Sequence

With what events did the war begin?

Answer(s): invasion of Poland, followed by the

massing of German troops on its western border


Japan’s alliance with Germany was seen as a sign of a war plan.

Japan sent forces to Indochina to secure necessary resources of oil

and rubber. Hideki Tojo held peace talks with the U.S. but planned

for war.

• Surprise attack on U.S. Navy

Pacific Fleet

• December 7, 1941

• Fighters and bombers

launched from carriers

• Raid a success

Pearl Harbor

• Major destruction

• Heavy casualties

– 2,400 dead

– 200 planes gone

– Eight battleships sunk

• Three carriers survived

Two-hour attack

Japan Attacks


• Attack had profound effect

• Ended desire to stay out of Europe’s war

• War declared on Japan

• Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.

• Allies vs. Axis

Isolationism


Find the Main Idea

Why did Japan attack the United

States?

Answer(s): American leaders banned the sale of

oil to Japan, which threatened Japan's future

plans in French Indochina.







Date post:	06-Feb-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	vanthu
View:	215 times
Download:	2 times

World War II Section 1 - Geneva Area City Schools 14-1 powerpoint.pdf · World War II Section 1...

Documents