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World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

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World War II: The Pacific
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Page 1: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

World War II: The Pacific

Page 2: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War

Page 3: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

1642 - 1853

• Japan follows a policy of isolationism

• Did not want to be victimized like China

Page 4: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Japan’s Ascendancy in Asia

• Feudal society of Japan practiced isolationism until 1853. (Commodore Perry)

• Foreign involvement triggered revolution.

• New leaders favored industrialization of Japan.

• Technology was purchased from industrial nations.(i.e. war technology)

Page 6: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.
Page 7: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Japanese Industrialization• Collectivization of

Agriculture• Creates population to

work in industry• Western education

systems introduced by sending students abroad this helps to establish a knowledgeable workforce

Page 8: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

• As Japan’s industrial and military strength increased it looked at the Asian mainland as a main source of raw materials. (i.e. Manchuria)

• Continuously denied equal status as a great power (i.e. Washington Treaties) Japan decided to concentrate on their sphere of influence in Asia.– They would be liberators from colonial control.

Japan’s Ascendancy in Asia

Page 10: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

1900 Boxer Rebellion

• Japan gains economic power in China and with political power with Britain – Open Door Policy (American)– Japan gains interest in China by forming an

alliance with Britain– Japan promises to protect British economic

interests in China so that Britain can move her fleet

Page 11: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Russo-Japanese War

• Russia is Japan’s biggest expansion threat

• 1904 – Japan attack Lushen (Port Arthur)

• Russian’s are defeated

• Sign the treaty of Portsmouth

• Allows for increased economic interest for Japan

• And creates a new respect for Asian People

Page 12: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.
Page 13: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

WWI – British Allies

• Japan occupies German colonies

• Most remain in Japanese control

• This allows Japan to control major sea lanes linking North America to Australia and the Philippines

• 1922 Japan withdraws forces in Siberia

Page 14: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Washington Naval Agreements 1921-1934

• 5:3 ratio Japan agrees as it still has dominance in Asia

• Anglo-Japanese alliance lapses due to large immigration limitations– Japanese are insulted

• 4 Powers Pact – promise to respect spheres of influence (F, B, A, J)

• Japan changes foreign polices and prepares for battle

Page 15: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.
Page 16: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

The Manchurian Incident• 1931 – Japan goes to war with the Guomindang for

Manchuria• Jiang busy with Mao appeals to the League of Nations

for help• The incident becomes a test case and reason for the L

of N’s failure• Send Lytton who identifies Japan as the aggressor • Japan is insulted; however, L of N does recognize

Japan’s economic interests• Members due not wish to give money for a war in Asia• America is not strong in the Pacific

Page 17: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

1936 – Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany

• Alliance between Germany and Japan

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The Pacific War 1937

• Begins over a foolish incident• Japanese made great advances into China

including capturing the City of Nanking• Raping of Nanking – 4 week assault on the city• Jiang retreated to mountains and asks for foreign

aid but he stock piles weapons for civil war• 6 year undeclared truce called • Japan controlled most of Eastern China by 1939

Page 20: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Show Video – Wikispaces: Rape of Nanking - viewer warning graphic

Page 21: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Continue• US and Britain in the face of

Japanese aggression sanction oil, aviation fuel, scrap metal

• On October 1940 – Tojo comes to power– Americans delay negotiations– Tojo plans attack on major

cities and Pearl Harbor

Page 22: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (1940)

• The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was an attempt by Japan to create a bloc of Asian nations free of influence from Western nations.

• It is remembered today largely as a front for the Japanese control of occupied countries during WWII, in which puppet governments manipulated local populations and economies for the benefit of wartime Japan.

Page 23: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.
Page 24: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Pearl HarborDecember 7, 1941

• Led by General Tojo a Japanese naval armada launches an airborne attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.

See Video Clip 1941- Days that Shook the World DVD Set

Page 25: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Pearl HarborDec. 7, 1941

• Pre-emptive attack after six months of trying to negotiate a treaty

• Woke the Sleeping Giant• Europe first policy due to German industrial capacity• Between 1941-42 Japan has feelings of success in the

Pacific (Navy led)• Japanese Navy calls for the Greater East Asia Co-

Prosperity Sphere• “Asia for Asia” (with Japanese hegemony)• 1941 – Japan signs Non-aggression pact with SU

Page 26: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.
Page 27: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.
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Page 29: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Pearl Harbor

• Most of the Pacific fleet was sunk or heavily damaged.• 2400 Americans died

Page 30: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Pearl Harbor

• Although 18 ships were destroyed, none of America’s aircraft carriers were in the harbor at the time.

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War in the Pacific

Page 32: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

The Doolittle Raid(April 18, 1942)

• In an attempt to strike back as soon as possible Lt. Col. James Doolittle leads a flight of heavy bombers off a carrier in an air attack over Tokyo.

Page 33: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.
Page 34: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Battle of Coral SeaMay 7, 1942

• American and Japanese carrier fleets engage in battle off the coast of Australia.

• Though the Japanese inflict more damage than they suffer their plans for the invasion of Australia are ruined.

Page 35: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Battle of MidwayJune 4, 1942

• American intelligence determined that the Japanese intended to strike the U.S. base at Midway Island.

• American crews caught the Japanese by surprise and crippled their navy.

See Video Clip

Page 36: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Battle of Midway

• Japan attacks Alaska to divert attention from Midway Island – not fallen for

• 1943 Japan is driven off • Fight against Japan was boosted by the Americans

luck – caught airplanes refueling • Battle had high death tolls due to the belief that

suicide was an honorable death• Hand to hand guerilla warfare • Yamamoto loses the Battle of Midway

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Page 38: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.
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Page 40: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Pacific Theatre of War

• Following the battle of Midway the Allies went on the offensive in Asia. (island hopping)

• Some of the fiercest battles took place along the Guadalcanal “island of death”.

Page 41: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Iwo Jima(February, 1945)

• One of the most famous battles in the Pacific

• Fighting lasted one month– 20 000 American casualties

– 23 000 Japanese casualties

Page 42: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Okinawa(April, 1945)

• Marines attacked Okinawa• Kamakaze raids proved difficult for

Americans soldiers (1900 attacks)• 40, 000 American casualties resulted.• Despite victory by the Americans, Japan

still had– 2 million troops– 5000 kamakaze aircraft still stationed in Japan

Page 43: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Assault by Air

• As American planes ran bombing missions over Japanese cities plans were made for the assault on Japan by American forces.

• Assault would cost more than 1,000,000 American lives.

• Roosevelt passed away in April, 1945.• New president Harry Truman did not want

to risk this many lives.

Page 44: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Hiroshima August 6, 1945

• a bomber named the Enola Gay dropped Little Boy (atomic bomb) on an industrial city in Japan named Hiroshima.

• 77,000 people died• No response by Japan

Page 45: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Atomic Bomb

• War weary the Americans decide to use the Atomic Bomb

• Causalities of invading Japan were estimated high

• Roosevelt dies – Truman replaces him and is struggling to work with Stalin

• August 6/45 bomb dropped on Hiroshima• August 9/45 bomb dropped on Nagasaki • Soviets march into Manchuria

Page 46: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

See Video Clip

Page 47: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.
Page 48: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

NagasakiAugust 9, 1945

• The USA drops a second bomb “Fat Boy”

• 74,000 people died

• This coupled with Soviet forces attacking Manchuria and Korea force Emperor Hirohito to surrender.

Page 49: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Japan Surrenders (VJ Day)September 2, 1945

Page 50: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Wartime Conferences

Page 51: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Casablanca ConferenceJanuary, 1943

• Roosevelt and Churchill decided to accept nothing less than the unconditional surrender of Germany.

• Plan to postpone D-Day and plan more immediate targets in Italy.

Page 52: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Teheran ConferenceNovember, 1943

• Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt met and decided on creating a second front in France to be launched June 1944.

Page 53: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Yalta ConferenceFebruary, 1945

• To put an end to German militarism and Nazism

• To punish war criminals and to exact reparations

• To divide Germany into occupation zones

• Confirmed Soviet possession of Eastern Poland compensating Poland with German territory

• To assist countries under Allied occupation in forming democratically elected interim governments.

• Announced a “conference of United Nations” to be held in San Francisco in April 1945

Page 54: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

PotsdamJuly, 1945

• Roosevelt had passed away so new U.S. president Truman represented the USA.

• Established four power occupation zones for postwar Germany.

• Established plans for the reordering of the German economy and German institutions.

• Issued an ultimatum to Japan either to surrender or risk total destruction.

Page 55: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

• The decisions made at these conferences resulted in the establishment of Soviet and Western Blocs that would form the basis of a tense rivalry following the war.

Page 56: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Deaths in World War II

Page 57: World War II: The Pacific Japan's Ascendancy in Asia and the Pacific War.

Deaths in World War II

Total Dead: approximately 61 million


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