World War One(1914-1918)

I. Why?A. Long-Term Causes

A. Germany’s RiseB. Arms/WeaponsC. Nationalism

B. SparkA. Assassination

II. WarA. Battle-front

A. TechnologyB. US

B. Home-frontC. End & Results

Key Terms• Alliance System• Arms Race• Francis Ferdinand• Allied Powers• Central Powers

Themes

1. Causes-long & short-term

2. Results/Impact• Technology• Home-front• Death/Destruction

Europe: 1815(Goal: Balance of Power)

Europe: 1914

Results Of Franco-Prussian War(1870-1871)

1. Germany became unified as a nation.

2. France had to pay reparations of $5 billion.

3. France had to give territory of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany.

Significance: Insured French hatred of Germany.

Alliance System(Formed in attempt to maintain balance of power)

• Austria-Hungary• Italy• Turkey

• France• Russia• Serbia

• Germany • Great Britain

Tangled Web of Alliances

Arms Race(Preparing For War)

• British adopt “Two-Power” Standard• Dreadnoughts:

– Ships built strictly for warfare

• Large standing armies on eve of war– France: 3.5 million– Germany: 3.8 million

All able-bodied men ages 20-50

had military responsibilities

Close-up of Former Yugoslavia

• Under control of foreigners for years

• Since early 1900s Austria-Hungary dominated

• #1 Goal: Kick all foreigners out!

Spark

• Assassinated in Sarajevo; June, 1914 by Serbian terrorists

• Austria-Hungary wanted revenge

Francis Ferdinand & wife; heir to throne in Austria-Hungary

Alliance System

• Serbia

• Russia

• France

• Great Britain

Allied PowersCentral Powers

• Austria-Hungary

• Germany

• Italy

• Turkey

Battle-front

• French saved Paris and trench warfare/stalemate ensued.

• Germans were initially successful-invaded France by way of neutral Belgium

Trench Warfare

New Technologies

•

German U-boat(Submarine)

Technology

German Plane

Allied Plane

Technology

Testing machine-gun synchronizationGB plane dropping torpedo

Machine Gun

Technology

Anti-Aircraft gun

3% of WWI deaths were due to poisonous gas but MANY non-fatal casualties

German Infantry – improvised face masks 1915

US President

• Goal: Wanted US to remain neutral.

Woodrow Wilson

(1913-1921)

Road To War

• Torpedoed in 1915 1,200 died (128 Americans)

Lusitania

(British passenger liner)

Impact Of War On Home-front

1. Women’s Roles

2. Civilians suffered-Agricultural production dropped-food shortages

3. Propaganda was common

Impact of War-Women

Women work in defense

Krupp Munitions Works

In most European countries, women made up at least 33% of the workforce in defense plants

Propaganda

GB recruiting posterLine at recruiting office

Recruiting Posters (US)

German Propaganda

German Postcard: “We teach you to run.”

The End

• November 11, 1918 a cease-fire agreement was reached and Germany accepted defeat.

Results

• Death– 10-13,000,000 were killed– In Germany & France 33% of all men 20-33

died during WWI– 33% of those killed were civilians

• Faith in progress was destroyed

World War One(1914-1918)

I. Why?A. Long-Term Causes

A. Germany’s RiseB. Arms/WeaponsC. Nationalism

B. SparkA. Assassination

II. WarA. Battle-front

A. TechnologyB. US

B. Home-frontC. End & Results

Key Terms• Alliance System• Arms Race• Francis Ferdinand• Allied Powers• Central Powers