World Water Week - Asia Day - Presentation Hafeez

8/6/2019 World Water Week - Asia Day - Presentation Hafeez

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STOCKHOLM WATER CONGRESS

PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEMAND SECTOR REFORMS

BY

ABDUL HAFEEZ

19th August 2008

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the AsianDevelopment Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data

included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily beconsistent with ADB official terms.



SECTOR OVERVIEW

Pakistan’s Irrigation System is the largest contiguousgravity flow network in the World

It serves as a lifeline for irrigated agriculture in Punjabwhich provides over 90% of the total agriculturalproduction and contributes 20% to the GDP

The climate is arid to semi-arid, with annual rainfall of10 - 15 inches, mainly in the monsoon months (July -September)

The system was designed for low irrigation intensities(60-70%). As a result of agricultural development overtime and groundwater contribution, the irrigation

intensities have now almost doubled (120-150%)2



SECTOR OVERVIEW

The reservoir capacity is highly inadequate to balancethe river flow fluctuations. Further, the progressivesedimentation has reduced 20% capacity of the existing

reservoirs Groundwater development has contributed significantly

towards meeting the enhanced irrigation requirements.

Over exploitation of groundwater is however posingserious sustainability concerns in most freshgroundwater aquifers

The institutional architecture of the irrigationdepartment has not kept pace with the physical,technical and socio-political developments over time.The international experience suggests that focus needsto shift from development towards improvedmanagement for optimizing the benefits of irrigationsystem



PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM

SALIENT FEATURES

Head Works/ Barrages : 13 Nos.

Length of Main Canals, Branches,

Distributaries and Minors : 23184 Miles

Total Off-take capacity : 1.2 Lac Cs.

Total Outlets : 58000 Nos.

C.C.A : 20.78 m.

Overall Designed Annual Intensity : 67 %

Actual Intensity : 120-130

Length of Inter River Links : 528 Miles

Off-take Capacity of Links : 1.10 Lac Cs.

Length of Flood Embankments : 1600 Miles.

Length of Surface Drains : 4800 Miles.

Small Dams : 59 Nos.



OVERVIEW

The surface andgroundwater of theIndus Basin constitute

vital lifeline ofPunjab’s agro-basedeconomy

Punjab faces majorirrigation and drainage

challenges withprofound social,economic and

environmentalimplications



WATER SECTOR CHALLENGES

Growing water shortages

Lack of transparency and inequities in water

distribution Over-exploitation of groundwater

Progressive deterioration of irrigation

infrastructure

Lack of financial sustainability

Gaps in governance and trust Low water productivity

Increasing environmental hazards



THE BACKDROP

GO Punjab developed a vision and strategy to

address the irrigation challenges holistically. The

focus of the strategy was on:

Rehabilitation and modernization of irrigation

infrastructure

Continuation and deepening of the ongoing

institutional reforms

Improving water management

Developing groundwater and environment

management framework for sustainability of

irrigated agriculture



IRRIGATION REFORMS FRAMEWORK

Pillar-I: Institutional and Policy Reforms to improve themanagement and maintenance of the irrigation system toensure its long term physical and financial sustainability

Pillar-II: Water Resource Management Reforms toemphasize the critical importance of water entitlements,measurements, and transparency. The objective is tomake intra-province water allocations and distribution

more transparent, besides regulating exploitation and useof groundwater. Pillar-III: Irrigation Service Delivery Reforms The objective

under this pillar is to improve the quality, efficiency and

accountability of irrigation services, through greaterparticipation of farmers, institutional reforms, and the useof contractual arrangements among water supplyagencies and users.

Pillar-IV: Improving water use efficiency and on-farmproductivity through a system of incentives.



MAJOR REFORMS INITIATIVES

Pillar-I: Institutional and Policy Reforms

Inventorization of Irrigation Department Assets.

Preparation of a 10 year Asset Management Plan

Realistic O&M Funding on the basis of Up-dated

Yardsticks

An effective O&M Performance EvaluationSystem for greater Transparency and

Accountability.

Transitioning of all FGW and redundant SGW

Tubewells

Improving Collection of Abiana




Pillar-II: Water Resource Management Reforms

Developing a comprehensive system formonitoring and evaluation of canal allocationsand canal operations. Greater transparency andaccountability through display of canal flow dataon the website.

Implementing a system of accurate and reliablewater measurements

Development and implementation of GWmanagement and regulatory framework

Preparation of decision support model

Study for piloting of water markets in areas

where opportunities exist




Pillar-III: Irrigation Service Delivery Reforms

Establishment of 4 AWBs and 285 FOs

Institutional analysis of irrigation department forits right-sizing and modernization. Also setting upnew units for strategic planning, groundwatermanagement, environmental conservation,human resources management andcommunications.

Preparation / Launching of CommunicationStrategy

Introduction of Benchmarking and MonitoringSystem for FOs




Pillar-IV: Improving water Use Efficiency and

On-farm Productivity

A package of incentives for Land Leveling,

Better Farming Practices and WC LiningEconomic Incentive Models for Water

Conservation and High–value Crops

Establishment of a separate Agricultural

Marketing Department for formulation of Internal

and Export Market StrategiesRestructuring of the Agricultural Research

System and Creation of Corporate Research

Organization



Quantum increase in budget for rehabilitation and modernization of irrigationinfrastructure

From Rs 1.4 billion in 2003-04 to Rs 11 billion in 2007-08 Commitment of sustaining and progressively increasing these funds through

MTBF allocations ( Rs 13 Billion in 08-09 & Rs 16 Billion in 09-10 )

Substantial improvement in O&M allocations for improved maintenance andsustainability of modernization effort

From Rs 1.34 billion in July 2005 to Rs 2.42 billion in 2007-08

Setting up an effective system for ensuring the transparency and quality of O&Mthrough work plans, guidelines and third party engineering audit

Strengthening financial controls by institutionalizing the system of regular DACmeetings

Focused attention on abiana collection and its systematic review by the ChiefSecretary in the monthly DCOs meetings Abiana collection improved from 47% to70%

MAJOR INITIATIVES AND ACHIEVEMENTS



Putting in place a comprehensive system of entitlements,monitoring and feedback for canal operations. The initiative is beingfurther strengthened by linking it to real-time monitoring and

decision support model

Development of holistic groundwater management framework,action plan, and institutional arrangements. Phased GW

management interventions to ensure sustainable management ofour most precious but threatened resource

As part of IPD modernization, institutional diversification has beenput in place with focus on strategic planning, participatory irrigation

management, procurements, environmental management, projectimplementation and M&E. New organizational units have been setup and staff with multi-disciplinary skills appointed on marketdriven salaries




Developing sensitivity for environmental and socialconsiderations. The checklists for irrigation sectorprepared in-house. Implementation of the checklistsmade mandatory for all the development works andO&M Plans. This signals a major change in thedevelopment planning process

Formulation and implementation, for the first time, ofa comprehensive Communication Strategy andAction Plan for internal as well as external

stakeholders

Initiatives launched for improving water useefficiency and enhancing agriculture productivity




INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

Institutional Reforms in the irrigation sector were initiated in

1997 with the promulgation of PIDA Act

The reforms objectives focus on:

Autonomy and Decentralization

Farmers Participation and Empowerment

Efficiency and Sustainability

The new institutions under the reforms framework include:

PIDA Provincial Level

Area Water Board (AWB) Main Canal Level

Farmer Organization (FO) Distributary Level

Khal Panchayat (KP) Watercourse Level

16



17

Social mobilization of farming community and interaction with

irrigation staff and other stakeholders

Creating awareness among farmers regarding efficient water

management and develop participatory concept

Elections of KPs and ‘Management Committees’ (MCs) of FOs

Capacity building and training of FOs and staff

Irrigation Management Transfer and support to FOs in their

functioning

Monitoring and Evaluation of FOs performance and back up

support

FOs FORMATION PROCESS



18

Manage, operate and maintain irrigation canals and

infrastructure

Receive and supply the irrigation water equitably and efficiently

to the farmers

Assessment of abiana and collection from farmers

Depositing of agreed share of abiana (50%) to the PIDA

retaining the remaining to carry out functions of FOs

Settle all farmers disputes relating to water distribution

Employ FO staff for O&M of canals

FUNCTIONS OF FOs

UNDER IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT TRANSFER



FUNCTIONS OF AWB

Monitor equity in water distribution and take measures for

preventing water theft

Review of expenditures against budget allocations

Monitoring and reviewing O&M work plan of the canals

Monitoring the performance of FOs

Review and supervise the abiana collection by FOs

Preparation and implementation of rotational programs

Assistance in promotion and development of FOs

Recommendations of development schemes

19



20

Five AWBs notified: LCC (E) & (W), LBDC, DG Khan, andBahawalnagar. LCC (E) AWB functional since 2007

284 Farmers Organizations formed in the above AWBs

Irrigation Management Transfer made to 84 FOs in LCC (E) in2005, and to 100 FOs in LCC (W) and CRBC in 2007

The performance evaluation of 84 FOs in LCC (E) AWB indicates

mixed results:

Good Performance 25% FOs

Average Performance 50 % FOs

Poor Performance 20-25% FOs

Declining trend of abiana collection and FO performance in LCC

(East) during last one year

STATUS OF REFORMS



Both strengths and weaknesses like in any other system

The strengths of the new system include farmers awareness andownership, speedy dispute resolution, efforts for equitable water

distribution and development of local capacity for irrigationmanagement

The weaknesses include declining abiana collection, weaknessin maintenance of accounts and record keeping, increasing watertheft and elite capture in some cases

Imperative need for sustainability of the system and improvingFOs performance :

Continued political support

Nomination of AWB / PIDA Members

Capacity building and mainstreaming of FOs

Closer monitoring and support by PIDA / IPD

Timely action for corrective measures

LESSONS LEARNT





Ranking

Standard

PIDA

M&E

(2006)(84 FOs)

PIDA

M&E

(2007)(84 FOs)

JICA Survey

(March 2007)(84 FOs)

Third PartyMonitoring

(May 2008)(10 FOs)

Good

(>85%)

13

(15%)

25

(30%)

19

(23%)

2

(20%)

Satisfactory

(70%-85%)

34

(40%)

19

(23%)

47

(56%)

2

(20%)

Adequate

(55%-70%)

26

(31%)

25

(30%)

13

(15%)

4

(40%)

Poor

(<55%)

11

(13%)

15

(18%)

5

(6%)

2

(20%)

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF84 FARMERS ORGANIZATIONS

AWB/LCC (E) CIRCLE, FAISALABAD

23

STATUS OF ABIANA COLLECTION



24

Sr.No.

CropSeason

No.of

FOs

CCA(M.A.)

NetAssessedAmount(M. Rs.)

CollectedAmount(M. Rs.)

Av.% ageCollection

Remarks

1 Rabi2004-05 65 1.167 47.602 42.20 88.3%

28 FOs: 100%22 FOs: more than 85 %collection

2 Kharif2005 84 1.715 112.477 90.80 80.7%

24 FOs: 100%26 FOs: more than 85 %

collection3 Rabi

2005-06 80 1.593 61.317 49.20 79.9%22 FOs: 100%18 FOs: more than 85 %collection

4 Kharif

2006 84 1.715 114.363 71.30 63.5%

15 FOs: 100%

19 FOs: more than 85 %collection

5 Rabi2006-07 80 1.593 65.893 56.77 83.19%

35 FOs: 100%13 FOs: more than 85 %collection

6Kharif2007

84 1.715 123.600 60.93 49.3%05 FOs: 100%04 FOs: more than 85 %collection

STATUS OF ABIANA COLLECTIONAWB/LCC (E) CIRCLE FAISALABAD

(UPTO 31.07.2008)

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World Water Week - Asia Day - Presentation Hafeez

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