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CHAPTER 5 LESSON 1
World’s ApartPgs. 140-143
EQ: Why did increased tensions between the North and the South lead to war?
VOCABULARY Tariff: a tax on imported goods
States’ rights: the idea that states, not the federal government, should make the final decisions about matters that affect them
Sectionalism: loyalty to one part of the country
BUILDING BACKGROUND
When people have very different ideas from one another, it can seem as if they live in separate worlds.
Have you ever felt like you were very different from someone else?
In the early 1800’s, the South and the North were worlds apart from each other in many ways.
SLAVERY IN THE US Slavery had been around the US for a long time. The 13 colonies had all allowed slavery. However, slaves were less common in
the North than in the South.
After the war for Independence, several northern states passed laws to abolish, or end, slavery. Southern states chose not to.
GROWTH OF SLAVERY George Mason, a slave-owner from
Virginia called slavery a “national sin”. Delegates at the Continental Congress
could not agree to end slavery. Many hoped it would just die out.
However, it was the opposite, changes in southern farming caused slavery to GROW in the coming years.
GROWTH OF SLAVERY After the invention of the cotton gin in
1793, southern farmers wanted more enslaved people to work in their cotton fields.
Enslaved people worked in the fields picking cotton. Cotton was then packed into bales before being shipped. Many plantations were near the Mississippi River, where steamboats carried the cotton south to New Orleans.
GROWTH OF SLAVERY The cotton gin made cotton much easier to
produce. New textile mills in Britain and New England needed more cotton, and the South could grow it.
Cotton was the South’s most important crop. By 1840, the South was growing most of the
world’s cotton. Plantation owners used their profits to buy
more land and more slaves. By 1790, there were about 700,000 enslaved
people in the South. By 1860, there were nearly 4 million.
COTTON GIN http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eT4bNxkv-c
RESISTANCE TO SLAVERY
Sometimes enslaved people fought against slave-owners.
Nat Turner led a rebellion against slaver owners. He and his followers killed 59 people before being
stopped by the local militia. After Nat’s Rebellion, southern states passed laws
to control enslaved and free blacks. Example: Black preachers were no longer able to
preach without a white person present. By 1850, slaves and free blacks had fewer rights
than ever.
RESISTANCE TO SLAVERY Slavery became a source of deep conflict
between the North and the South. Many southerners argued that slavery was too important to their economy to give up.
Some people in the North argued that slavery kept the economy from growing faster.
They also believed that slavery was unfair and wrong.
TABLE TALK What led to the growth of slavery in the early
1800s? Answer: Plantation owners used more and
more slaves to grow it.
Why did the value of cotton grow? Mills in Britain and New England needed it
What did the southern states do after Nat Turner’s rebellion?
They passed laws to control both enslaved and free blacks.
MANUFACTURING Turn to page 142.
Discuss the differences in economies between the North and the South.
What was the value of goods in the North in 1840?
About 375 millions.
NORTH AND SOUTH The North and the South had different
economies.
By 1860, fewer than half of people in the North were farmers.
South North -economy was agricultural
-many farmers, but economy was changing
-southerners worked on larger plantations
-more big cities
-small farms and grew food crops (corn)
-factories were being built
-raised cattle and pigs -factories made textiles, shoes, tools, and goods
THE TARIFF Different economies in the North and
South led to disagreements. One was based on tariffs: a tax on
imported goods. Between 1816 and 1832, Congress
passed high tariffs on goods made outside the country (ex. British textiles: expensive)
The only cloth people could afford came from the mills in England.
TARIFF Congress used tariffs to help American
manufacturing. Tariffs were good for northern industry,
but they didn’t help the South, where there was less industry.
Southerners, had to pay higher prices for manufactured goods they wanted, such as steel and cloth.
When prices of the goods went up, Southerners blamed it on tariffs and the North.
STATES’ RIGHTS John C. Calhoun argued against tariffs.
Calhoun was vice president in 1828.
He believed the Constitution didn’t allow the federal government to create tariffs.
He argued for states’ rights: the idea that states, not the government, should make the final decisions about matters that affect them.
STATES’ RIGHTS Calhoun believed that states had the right
to veto tariffs. States’ rights became a popular idea in the
south. Disagreements over slavery, tariffs, and
other economic issues increased sectionalism in the North and South.
Loyalty to one part of the county is called sectionalism.
As conflicts grew, more people cared about their own section of the country than the country as a whole.
LESSON SUMMARY Slavery grew with the demand of cotton.
Tariffs helped the growing number of northern factories.
The North and the South argued over slavery, tariffs, and states’ rights.
North*abolished slavery
*industrial economy
*believed in strong federal government
KING COTTON Turn to page 144-145 in your Social
Studies book. Read the two pages as a group and then
discuss the pages within your group. Be prepared to share.