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Worlds of North and South
Chapter 13Sections 1-4
Industry in the North
• Farming - John Deere invents a lightweight plow made of steel rather than iron.
• This made it easy for one horse to do the work of several
• Cyrus McCormick created a reaper that could do the work of five men by itself.
• These products lowered the price of farm goods.
John Deere’s 1st Steel Plow
The Telegraph
• 1844 Samuel Morse patents the telegraph. • This was a wire that transmitted electiric
impulses.• Morse created a code of dots and dashes that
matched the alphabet.• The first wire is run from Washington, D.C. to
Baltimore, MD.
Morse’s Telegraph
“What Hath God Wrought”
• This was the first message sent by telegraph.• Soon companies linked the entire country
with wires and now we could communicate daily with people in different parts of the country.
• We are truly linked.• Good or Bad?
Railroads
The early railroads were powered by horse drawn carts.
1829 an English family developed a steam powered engine that powered a train to 30 mph.
Tom Thumb a steam powered train was setup to race a horse drawn carriage. (the preferred mode of transportation)
Thumb broke down and the horse won, but the trains were here to stay.
Improved Transportation
Transportation inside our borders was improving. Transportation outside our borders needed work. John Griffiths launches a new kind of ship. Yankee Clipper - these narrow ships with tall masts
made trade across the world much faster. But, they are short lived soon the steam engine
makes ships as popular as trains.
Life in the Industrial North
• Factory life is nearly unbearable people were treated horribly, but the increase in immigration made them expendable.
• Skilled Workers are replaced with unskilled workers who assembled parts of products for mass distribution and sale.
• How do the skilled workers fight for their jobs?
Unions
• Skilled workers united to form trade unions.• The unions made it harder to ignore these
workers.• They demanded shorter workdays, higher
wages, and better conditions.• If their demands were not met they would
strike, or refuse to work.
Workers Get Change
• During the 1840’s workers began to win changes.
• 10 hour workday• The right to strike• Unskilled workers were not able to get the
same benefits.• Women workers also lobbied for better
conditions and some were successful.
Immigration
• A person who enters a new country for the purpose of settling permanently.
• Between 1840 and 1850 4 million immigrants settle in the new world.
• They provide an endless supply of unskilled workers.
Irish
• In the 1840’s a potato famine caused a famine in Ireland.
• 1845 - 1860 1.5 million Irish immigrate to the US.
• Most settled in cities like Boston or New York .• The took almost any job available, making it
nearly impossible for unskilled laborers to strike.
The Germans
• 1850 – 1860 over 1 million Germans immigrate to the US.
• Revolutions had broken out all over Germany causing many to leave.
• Those who could afford it settled on farms in the Midwest.
• The rest lived in large cities.
Reaction to Immigration
• Some Americans dislike the idea of immigration.
• Nativist – Americans who wanted to keep America only for native-born American citizens.
• Desired to limit voting rights to only those who had lived in America for 21 years instead of the required 5 years.
The Know-Nothings
• In the 1850’s the Nativist created a political party called the Know-Nothings.
• 1856 Presidential elections saw a know-nothing candidate win 21% of the popular vote.
• The party died out but many Americans still believed that immigrants were not entitled to the same rights.
African Americans in the North
• Although African Americans were free in the North they did not enjoy the same rights.
• Many faced Discrimination – a policy or attitude that denies rights to a group based on race.
King Cotton
• 1793 Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin.• 1. Increases the production of cotton.• 2. Increases the demand for cotton.• 3. Increases the demand for slave labor.• 1792 -1850 cotton production increases from
6000 bales to 2 million bales.• Although slave trade with Africa was illegal
the planters purchased slaves from brokers in the US.
No Industry Needed
• Cotton, Tobacco, Rice, and Sugar were the main southern crops.
• Most southerners decided to invest in slaves rather than factories.
• Industrial growth is nearly non-existant in the southern states.
• This caused the south to become dependent on the north for finsihed products.
Cotton Gin
The Cottonocracy
Life in the South
Cottonocracy Planter someone who owned at least 20 slaves. 1
in 40 families qualified. 2. Small Farmers were people who owned land, but
no slaves. Some owned 1 or 2 slaves, but worked right next to them in the fields.
3. Poor whites rented land for small farms and raising animals. Enjoyed the same rights as whites regardless of their station in life.
African Americans in the South
200,000 free blacks live in the south. They are viewed as a threat to the whites in the
south. Slave life – most lived in small shacks on the land
they worked. From the time they were teenagers until they died
they worked long days without rest. Some became skilled workers on larger plantations,
but could not live free lives.
Slave Codes
• Laws meant to keep slaves in line.• 1. Could not leave the plantation without
permission.• 2. Not allowed to possess guns.• 3. Not allowed to gather in groups of more
than three.• Whites feared rebellions
Family Life
• Many slave families were separated because they were sold to distant plantations.
• The idea of an extended family or families that include aunts, uncles, cousins, and others thrived despite these conditions.
Rebellion
• 1831 Nat Turner led a major revolt in Virginia.• A preacher, he led his followers to kill more
almost 60 whites.• Whites killed several slaves in pursuit of
Turner, who they eventually caught and hanged.
• Causes an increase in fear among whites.