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Barbara Alburez 1

Gerardo Arana 2

Javier Ávila 3

Christian Avila 4

Luis Cordón 5

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>Guatemala

>Cuba

>London

>United States

>China

Know more

about

differents

cultures and

the politics of

each one.

>How would

you solved and

ethical

problem for

differents

countrys?

Guatemala, 21 de febrero de 2013

Religion

Spare time

Family

Politic

Work

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Guatemala is a beautiful country ubicated in the center of America, its culture is variable, the magazine “Worldwide cultures” shows you a part of the culture that this country has.

Language: Spanish is the official language of

Guatemala. There are twenty-one Mayan languages spoken in Guatemala, the principal ones being Quiché, Cakchiquel, Kekchí, and Mam.

Religion: About 67 to 80 percent of all

Guatemalans are Roman Catholic. Within this faith, however, the Amerindians have preserved Mayan beliefs such as worshipping gods who control weather and crops. Cofradías (brotherhoods), rather than Catholic priests, lead a community's religious life.

About 25 to 33 percent of the population is Protestant. Protestant missionaries have been active in Guatemala since the 1880s.

Also they have Mays that believe in different gods, like the god of the rain, god of the corn, god of the sun, and to celebrate them, they have a lot of rituals that includes dances.

Family life: Guatemala's families are very

close. They are usually the only dependable source of support in a society where church and state are both weak. Among ladinos, the nuclear family of father, mother, and children is most common, but a moderately prosperous household often includes other relatives and servants or orphaned children. The extended family forms the basis of the Amerindian community. Amerindians rarely take mates outside their own language group and village.

Work: Although the country's constitution

forbids employment of children under the age of fourteen, younger children are employed. Usually they work in family enterprises and in agriculture. Ladinos tend to become shopkeepers, government employees, or laborers in private industries. The farms, or large plantations, employ both Ladinos and Amerindians for seasonal labor during the harvest. A large part of the population continues to farm small plots. Many such

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farmers supplement their income with the sale of handicrafts and seasonal plantation work.

Many migrants to the cities are unable to find employment and so, take to street vending.

Spare time: Partys continue to provide

popular entertainment and to reflect much of the creative life of the people. They all include music and dance, eating and drinking, and fireworks. Movies are found only in the major cities and mostly show U.S. films that are dubbed or subtitled in Spanish. Television includes dubbed U.S. programs and variety

shows and telenovelas (soap operas) imported from Mexico and Venezuela.

Guatemala is the heartland of marimba music. Almost every town has a marimba orchestra, which includes the accompaniment of a brass band. No wedding is complete without marimba music. Amerindians perform other music for their rites, and use pre-conquest drums and flutes.

They count with differents parks for example IRTRA Petapa or IRTRA Retalhuleu that is very famous around the world and has won a lot of awards.

Politic: Guatemala's current policy is governed

by the Constitution of the Republic of Guatemala in 1985 and renovated in 1993 in establishing Guatemala as a free, independent and sovereign. Its system of government is republican, democratic and representative. its president is Otto Perez Molina and Vice President Roxana Baldetti.

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The Republic of Cuba is an archipelago settled in the sea of the Antilles, aka Caribbean Sea. The main island, known as the Island of Cuba, is the largest of the Greater Antilles and has orogenic origin. Cuba is ranked 51 in the "Human Development Index" prepared by the United Nations Organization (fourth among Latin American countries, after Chile, Argentina and Uruguay).

Work: Cuba has one of the very few

remaining centrally-planned economies in the world. Expats working in Cuba will quickly learn that the government controls most of the industry in the country and also the majority of the workforce. About 83% of the Cuban labor force is employed by the state, with an additional 5% working for companies which are closely connected to the state. There are some job opportunities available for expats who plan on working in Cuba. For instance, you can always find employment working in Cuba-based offices of foreign companies or agencies.

Family: The Revolution of 1959 sparked the

turning point in Cuban family life by promoting women's equality. New laws and policies resulted in women being educated, employed, and also increased their civil/human rights. Cuban revolutionary thought promoted class equality rather than gender equality, but women still benefitted indirectly from social changes. Because Cubans, like many Latin Americans, tend to live together as a nuclear family, grandparents often provide childcare for women in the household who work outside the home, or attend school.

Spare time: Even though many in Cuba

cannot afford much, they are very resourceful in finding fun things to do. Cubans enjoy

dancing, especially Salsa Cubans are fortunate to have beaches where they can bring some food and drink and have a great time. Baseball is the national sport and many boys start out by playing baseball on the streets. Playing dominoes is also a big past time for the men. For the ladies, well they have the equivalent of the soap operas here in the States to keep them occupied.

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Religion: Cuba's prevailing religion is

Catholicism, although in some instances it is profoundly modified and influenced through syncretism. A common syncretic religion is Santería, which combined the Yoruban religion of the African slaves with Catholicism and some Native American strands; it shows similarities to Brazilian Umbanda and has been receiving a degree of official support. The Roman Catholic Church estimates that 60 percent of the population is Catholic, but only 5% of that 60% attends mass regularly, while independent sources estimate that as few 1.5% of the population does so.

Politic: The Constitution of 1976, which

defined Cuba as a socialist republic, was replaced by the Constitution of 1992, which is "guided by the ideas of José Martí and the political and social ideas of Marx, Engels and Lenin." The constitution describes the Communist Party of Cuba as the "leading force of society and of the state". The First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba is concurrently President of the Council of State (President of Cuba) and President of the Council of Ministers (sometimes referred to as Premier of Cuba). Members of both councils are elected by the National Assembly of People's Power. The President of Cuba, who is also elected by the Assembly, serves for five years and there is no limit to the number of terms of office. Its president is Raul Castro.

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The Culture of London concerns the arts, music, museums, festivals and other entertainment in London, the capital city of the United Kingdom.

Politic: The administration of London is

formed of two tiers—a city-wide, strategic tier and a local tier. City-wide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities. The GLA consists of two elected components; the Mayor of London, who has executive powers, and the London Assembly, who scrutinise the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject his budget proposals each year. The headquarters of the GLA is City Hall, Southwark; the mayor is Boris Johnson.

Work: London generates approximately 20

per cent of the UK's GDP] (or $446 billion in 2005); while the economy of the London metropolitan area—the largest in Europe—generates approximately 30 per cent of the UK's GDP (or an estimated $669 billion in

2005). London is one of the pre-eminent financial centers of the world and vies with New York City as the most important location for international finance.

London's largest industry is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to the UK's balance of payments. Around 325,000 people were employed in financial services in London until mid-2007.

Family: London is great for kids and has lots

of family-friendly attractions, events and activities.

•In 2011 there were 17.9 million families in the UK. Of these 12.0 million consisted of a married couple with or without children.

•The number of opposite sex cohabiting couple families increased significantly, from 2.1 million in 2001 to 2.9 million in 2011. The number of dependent children living in opposite sex cohabiting couple families increased significantly, from 1.3 million to 1.8 million over the same period.

• There were 2.0 million lone parents with dependent children in the UK in 2011, a figure which has grown steadily but significantly from 1.7 million in 2001

• There were 26.3 million households in the UK in 2011. Of these 29 per cent consisted of only one person and almost 20 per cent

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consisted of four or more people

Religion: London has centers of worship for a

multitude of faiths. According to the 2011 Census, the largest religious groupings are Christians (48.4 per cent), followed by those of no religion (20.7 per cent), no response (8.5 per cent), Muslims (12.4 per cent), Hindus (5.0 per cent), Jews (1.8 per cent), Sikhs (1.5 per cent), Buddhists (1.0 per cent) and other (0.6 per cent).

Spare time: Within the City of Westminster

is the entertainment district of the West End, which has its center in Leicester Square, the place where the film premieres are held in London. There are the West End theaters, cinemas, bars, clubs and restaurants and Chinatown district in the Soho area. London is one of the world capitals of classical and popular music and home to major labels such as EMI, as well as home to countless bands, musicians and industry professionals. In the city there are also several orchestras and concert halls. The two main opera theaters are the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum.

The most popular sport is football in London and the city has fourteen teams in the Football League, six in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Fulham, Queens Park Rangers, Tottenham Hotspur and West Ham United.

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Religion: The majority of Americans identify

themselves as Christians (76%), while non-Christian religions (including Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, and others) collectively make up about 4% of the adult population. Another 15% of the adult population identified as having no religious affiliation. According to the American Religious Identification Survey, religious belief varies considerably across the country: 59% of Americans living in Western states report a belief in God, yet in the South (the "Bible Belt") the figure is as high as 86%.

Work: There are several categories of foreign

workers permitted to work in the United States including permanent immigrant workers, temporary (non-immigrant) workers, and student and exchange workers. Here's information on the types of workers authorized to work in the US.

It is possible to become a permanent resident (Green Card holder) of the United States through a job or offer of employment. However, some categories require a certification from the U.S. Department of Labor to show that there is not enough US. Workers who are able, willing, qualified, and available in the geographic area where the immigrant is to

be employed and that no American workers are displaced by foreign workers.

Family: The traditional family structure in the

United States is considered a family support system involving two married individuals providing care and stability for their biological offspring.

Over time, the traditional structure has had to adapt to very influential changes, including divorce and the introduction of single-parent families, teenage pregnancy and unwed mothers, and same-sex marriage, and increased interest in adoption. Social movements such as the feminist movement and the stay-at-home dad have contributed to the creation of alternative family forms, generating new versions of the American family.

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Spare time: Las Vegas is the most populous

city in the U.S. state of Nevada and the county seat of Clark County. Established in 1905, Las Vegas was incorporated as a city in 1911. At the close of the 20th century, Las Vegas was the most populous American city founded in that century (a distinction held by Chicago in the 19th century).

Disney world The Walt Disney World Resort, commonly known as Walt Disney World and informally as Disney World, is the world's most-visited entertainment resort, located in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. it is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks and Resorts division and is home to four theme parks, two water parks, twenty-four themed resorts (excluding eight more that are on-site but not owned by The Walt Disney Company), two spas and fitness centers, five golf courses, and other recreational and entertainment venues.

Politic: Two political parties, the Democratic

Party and the Republican Party, have dominated American politics since the American Civil War, although smaller parties like the Libertarian Party also exist and achieve minor amounts of representation. There are major differences between the political system of the United States and that of most other developed democracies. These include greater power in the upper house of the legislature, a wider scope of power held by the Supreme Court, the separation of powers between the legislature and the executive, and the dominance of only two main parties. Third parties have less political influence in the United States than in other developed country democracies. Its actually president is Obama, who has been there 4 years ago.

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Is a country located in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. The PRC is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China, with its seat of government in the capital city of Beijing.

Family: The

institution of family is the pinnacle of society. This is a fact that has long been realized by the Chinese who hold the family bonds as sacred and honor them accordingly. The traditional Chinese family has a hierarchical order with the man as the head of the family tagged with the responsibility for earning the bread of his family. This responsibility also endows him with complete authority and the final say in the affairs of the family. The roles adopted by the members of the family in Chinese society have

been greatly influenced by religion. The influence of religion on the family structure spanned from choosing a mate to dealing with your children.

Work: The People's Republic of China (PRC)

is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP and by purchasing power parity after the United States. It is the world's fastest-growing major economy, with growth rates averaging 10% over the past 30 years. China is also the largest exporter and second largest importer of goods in the world. Most economic growth of China is created from Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China. The construction of the road system of Beijing–Shanghai Expressway was completed and opened to public usage in early 2000 for access of transportation on logistics, travel and tourism around the most populous and densely economic active areas of Chinese Mainland.

Spare Time: Table-tennis is the first sport

that comes to mind for most people when they hear the country China. It is one of the country's national sports. But China offers much more than this. Various martial arts are very popular. Today, quality leisure life is as important as daily work for Chinese people. Traveling, studying foreign languages, doing volunteer work and many other activities have become popular in people's spare time.

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The Chinese people don’t have too much spare time because they are too busy for its jobs.

Religion: China is a country with a great

diversity of religious beliefs. The main religions are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Protestantism. Citizens of China may freely choose and express their religious beliefs, and make clear their religious affiliations. According to incomplete statistics, there are over 100 million followers of various religious faiths, more than 85,000 sites for religious activities, some 300,000 clergy and over 3,000 religious organizations throughout China. In addition, there are 74 religious schools and colleges run by religious organizations for training clerical personnel. Religious leaders and leading organs of the various religious bodies are selected and ordained in accordance with their own regulations.

Politic: The politics of the People's Republic

of China take place in a framework of a single-party socialist republic. The leadership of the Communist Party is stated in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. State power within the People's Republic of China (PRC) is exercised through the Communist Party of China, the Central People's Government and their provincial and local counterparts. Under the dual leadership system, each local Bureau or office is under the coequal authority of the local leader and the leader of the corresponding office, bureau or ministry at the next higher level. People's Congress members at the county level are elected by voters. These county level People's Congresses have the responsibility of oversight of local government, and elect members to the Provincial (or Municipal in the case of independent municipalities) People's Congress.

United States: In every

single country of the whole world exist different cultures and different kind of things, United State is not to different to some other countries near of United States for example: the major of Americans identity themselves as Christians, a

traditional family in United States is established by two married individuals. United State is known by its lots of opportunities for workers coming from other countries, There exist several categories for foreign workers also for local workers so its system is really completely, United States is one of the most famous countries because of its cities and tourist places for adult people and for kids a clear example of both are: Las Vegas for adult

people known as the sin city and Disney World for kids known because of its magic. The great organization of United State is based on its politic, the most important political parties are:

Democratic Party and Republican Party also

exist another little ones but are not to big as

this two, United State is a really good

country with people from every single country and a big and strong culture.

Cuba: The Republic of

Cuba is an archipelago settledin the sea of the Antilles, aka Caribbean Sea. Cuba is ranked 51 in the "Human Development Index" prepared by the United Nations Organization (fourth among Latin American countries, after Chile, Argentina and Uruguay). In Cuba the government controls most of the industry in the country

and also the majority of the work force, Cuba family life by promoting women´s equality the new laws and polices resulted in women

being educated, employed, and also increased

their civil/human rights. Cubans

enjoy dancing, especially Salsa, Cubans are fortunate to have beaches where they can bring some food and drink and have a great time. Cuba`s prevailing

religion is Catholicism. Cuba as a socialist republic was replaced by the Constitution of 1992, which is "guided by the ideas of José Martí and the political and social ideas of Marx, Engels and Lenin." The constitution describes the Communist Party of Cuba as the "leading force of society and of the state".

London: is a place whit a

lot of culture like the art or museums that are really famous around the world. There are two tiers that are carried of the administration

of London, one tier is coordinated by the Greater London Authority and the other one is

carried by other less important authorities. In London is the

largest metropolitan area

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in Europe, it is one of the pre-eminent financial centers of the world and one of the most important location for international finance. The majority of the families in London are married and they have children, in

London is increasing the number of opposite sex cohabiting and they have children living with them, but also there are long parents. Most of the people are Christians and there is a little percent of the ones that

are from other religions, the spare time in this city is music, it is one of the world capitals of classical and popular music, they are also focus on football.

Guatemala: Guatemala has

a very multicultural country, one of its characteristics are its twenty-one Mayan languages, it country also has a lot of religions the predominate ones is the Catholic, but there also are a lot of Mayans beliefs. The families in Guatemala are very close even the economic problems they are always together to support themselves, the family is

based in the father, mother and children, is a country with a lot of economic problems so most of the poor

children start work at a low age, the majority of the people work for the agriculture because is the

economic base in Guatemala, most of the women in Guatemala love soap operas, it country is the heartland o marimba music,

is a touristic country where you can get a

lot of fun with the recreation centers. It is governed by the Constitution of the Republic of Guatemala, it has a system of government is republican, democratic and representative.

China: The institution of

family is the pinnacle of society. This is a fact that has long been realized by the Chinese who hold the family bonds as sacred and honor them accordingly. The traditional Chinese family has a hierarchical order with the man as the head of the family tagged with the

responsibility for earning the bread of his family. China is also the largest exporter and

second largest importer of goods in the world. The Chinese people don’t have too much spare time because they are too busy for its jobs. China is a country with a great diversity of

religious beliefs. The main religions are Buddhism,

Taoism, Islam, Catholicism

and Protestantism. Citizens of China may freely choose and express their religious beliefs, and make clear their religious affiliations.

Work

Most of young people work to survive, and the majority works

for agriculture in farms.

The government controls most of the industry in the country and also the majority of the workforce.

It is the largest metropolitan

area in Europe,

There are a lot of immigrant workers,

temporary workers and students or exchange workers.

It is the world’s second largest

economy, is also the largest

exporter and second largest

importer.

Family

Is very close and there are basically conformed by the

father, mother and children.

They live as a nuclear family, grandparents often provide childcare for

women.

Most of the couples are

married and have children and

there are some opposite sex

cohabiting that have children too

They are conformed by a marriage couple

with children but they are also adapted to

changes like same-sex marriage.

Has a hierarchical

order with the man as the head

of the family tagged with the

responsibility for earning the bread

of his family.

Spare Time

Is a tourism country, it has a

lot of good places where the people can get fun, the marimba music

predominate

They are very resourceful in finding fun things to do. Cubans enjoy

dancing.

It is one of the capitals of the

classic and popular music, it

has a lot of famous

museums.

They have a lot of parks, in there spare time most of the Americans spend their time in making music,

also love act.

They are really good at sports,

they are specialist in ping-pong, but

mostly of the time they are

busy.

Religions

As a multicultural

county, it has a lot of Mays

religions, but the predominate is the Catholic.

Prevailing religion is

Catholicism, but they have also a combination of

Yoruba whit Catholicism.

Predominated the Catholic and

the percent of other religions is

low.

Predominated the Christians, but they also have an other

believes.

The main religions are Buddhism,

Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Protestantism.

Politic

Is leading by the Constitution of the Guatemala Republic, its

system is republic,

democratic and representative.

Is a socialist republic, Its

constitutions id describing as a

“leading force of society and of the

state.”

Two tires are carried about the administration of

London, the City-wide and

Local administration.

There are Democratic and

Republican Parties.

The leadership of the Communist Party is stated in the Constitution of the People's

Republic of China.

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Ethical problem:

Alan works in the claims department of a major hospital. Paperwork on a recent admission shows that a traumatic mugging caused the patient to require an adjustment in the medication she is prescribed to control anxiety and mood swings.

Alan is struck by the patient’s unusual last name and upon checking her employment information realizes she is one of his daughter’s grade school teachers.

Alan’s daughter seems very happy in her school and he cannot violate patient confidentiality by informing the school of a teacher’s mental illness but he is not comfortable with a potentially unstable person in a position of influence and supervision over his eight year old daughter.

Can Alan reconcile these issues in an ethical manner?

Solution of the problem

From United States, By: Christian Avila

According with the characteristics of ethics Alan can not violate the confidentiality of the hospital and his job, but if he does not say anything something bad could happen in his daughter school according with Americans law exist a law called: The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a law gives civil rights protection to individuals with disabilities. Persons with bipolar disorder (manic depression) or

other mental illnesses may qualify for assistance and special accommodations under the Act. People with mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder may be protected under the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) if they can show that their disability substantially limits or impairs what is called a "major-life activity." This Act applies to all employment-related activities. Here we look at the qualifications for coverage and exceptions to the Act and define major-life activities.

From Cuba, By: Gerardo Arana

In Cuba this problems is easy to resolve because the government controls most of the industry in the country and also the majority of the work force and the teacher to enter the hospital the Governor as the school already know where he works and the girl's father does not do any harm because the government could provide support to the teacher and cures of disease.

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From China, By: Luis Cordon

The best way to control is that he questions his child every day that what was the class and how the teacher is with her. He can send letters to the teacher to question about his child and evaluate the answers of the teacher. Because he can’t say any about the teacher’s problem but he pay for the good supervision of his kid and he can give opinions to the authorities of the college. The children in china have a very

good education and they parents always want that its kids learn with goods teachers.

From London By: Barbara Alburez

The good way to solve this problem is that the doctor gives an advice to the teacher to leave his job and dedicated to fix his disease, so in that way the doctor is doing his job helping a patient, and the teacher is going to get better and is any probability that he make bad his job. There are a lot of laws that protect the rights of people with disabilities; according to the second clause of Article I of the patient's rights

constituted by the ethics committee of the hospital “Patient has the right to enjoy a full and clear communication with the physician, appropriate to their cultural and psychological conditions, allowing it to obtain all necessary information regarding the condition being treated and the procedures and treatments that you go to practice and prognosis and risks that such treatment entails. Also its right for him, his family or representatives, if unconsciousness or minority consent or reject these procedures, hopefully written expressly declaring its decision, so if the doctor bases his verdict in this code he can remove the patient from his job and he has to help him without involve personal things.”

From Guatemala By: Javier Avila

In Guatemala the law said that a person with that kind of disabilities cannot practice in his profession because in this case, it is a mental disability and as the teacher is working with children there are some requirements that he doesn’t has, like be patient, the solution of the problem here in Guatemala is that he stop working and the doctor whiteout involve personal life has to help him and making him stop doing

his work as a teacher.

If you want to get more information from the rights of a person with disabilities and the committee of the hospital patient go to this link http://gonzalodiaz.net/l100/ley100/derechosdelpaciente.shtml

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