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Worldwide Harmonized Heavy Duty Emissions Certification Procedure
UNITED NATIONS
57th GRPE, Geneva, 15 January 2009
Informal document No. GRPE-57-32(57th GRPE, 13-16 January 2009, agenda item 2(b))
Overview Informal Document 57-07UNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
Options
Option 1: New structure of § 6.3 (engine power) and new Annex 7 Option 2: Average reference fuel as placeholder, until measurement
programs are completed (amended § 6.9 and Annex 2) Option 5: Deletion of 70 mm filter, allowance of both filter materials,
higher filter face velocity (amended § 9.4.2), extended static electricity provisions (amended § 9.4.3)
Other amendments
Clarification on charge air cooling (§ 6.2) Clarification on intake and exhaust systems (§ 6.4 and 6.5) Allowance of additive regeneration adjustment factors (§ 6.6.2) Amendments and new structure for § 7 Amendments on exhaust dilution (§ 8.3.3 and 8.4.3) New pure gas specifications (§ 9.3.3.1 b)
Option 1 – Engine Power/WorkUNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
The new structure for § 6.3 has been agreed by WHDC group
6.3 Engine power
6.3.1 General engine installation
6.3.2 Auxiliaries to be fitted for the emissions test
6.3.3 Auxiliaries to be removed for the emissions test
6.3.4 Determination of auxiliary power
6.3.5 Reference power
Annex 7: Installation of the auxiliaries for the emissions test
Option 1 – PrinciplesUNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
General engine installation
Engine to be tested only with the auxiliaries needed for operating the engine. Other auxiliaries should be removed.
Auxiliaries to be fitted for the emissions test
If required auxiliaries are not fitted, their power shall be subtracted from engine power
Auxiliaries to be removed for the emissions testIf non-required auxiliaries are fitted, their power may be added to engine power
Option 2 - Reference FuelUNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
Introduction of average reference fuel that covers national reference fuel specifications is generally supported
5% biofuel content accepted by WHDC group
DG-JRC test program started in October 2008
2 engines (US07 with DPF, Euro V with SCR)
preliminary results from Euro V engine were presented by JRC
Japanese test program with JP05 engine (NSR + DPF) finished; results were presented by NTSEL
Preliminary test results from both programs suggest acceptance of average reference fuel
EMA test program with US07 engine not yet finished; results will be presented at next WHDC meeting
Option 2 – Japanese Results
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
COLD 5min_soak 10min_soak 20min_soak
g/kW
h
EU
US
UNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
0
2
4
6
8
10
COLD 5min_soak 10min_soak 20min_soakm
g/kW
h
EU
US
NOx PM
Emissions with US reference fuel slightly higher for NOx, no clear trend with PM
No significant influence of soaktime
Option 2 – JRC Results
WHTC Cycle - Effect of different soak times and fuels
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
COLD Soak 5 min Soak 10 min Soak 20 min
Re
lati
ve
NO
x e
mis
sio
ns
Fuel A
Fuel B
Fuel C
UNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
WHTC Cycle - Effect of different soak times and fuels
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
COLD Soak 5 min Soak 10 min Soak 20 minR
ela
tiv
e P
M E
mis
sio
ns
Fuel A
Fuel B
Fuel C
NOx PM
Emissions with US reference fuel slightly higher for NOx and PM
No significant influence of soaktime
Test results in relative terms, since validation still under work
Option 3 – Hot Soak PeriodUNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
Original USA EPA proposal for validation program not feasible within WHDC time line
WP.29/AC.3 therefore agreed to exclude soak time from the current mandate
Industry does not like gtr with options
10 minutes (EU-COM proposal) could still be compromise solution
EMA/ACEA/JAMA met with EPA senior management on 25 November to find possible solution
EPA recognized the tight Euro VI timing, and agreed to separate soaktime evaluation from general stringency evaluation
Industry agreed to deliver test data within few months
Possible solution must be ready for June 2009 GRPE
Option 4 – Cold Start WeightingUNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
General problem
only limited field data with cold start statistics available
USA EPA proposal for validation program not feasible within WHDC time line
WP.29/AC.3 therefore agreed to exclude cold start weighting from the current mandate
Basically, no compromise solution feasible due to lack of statistical data
OICA indicated acceptance of the 14% weighting factor in case of a compromise solution on option 3 (soaktime)
could be taken into account for Euro VI via WHTC/ETC correlation study
Option 5 – PM MeasurementUNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
PM test program at TÜV Nord has just been finished
Current status on option 5 (decision at 25th WHDC meeting)
Since filter size did not show significant influence, it was agreed to delete 70 mm filter
Since both filter materials showed good low PM measurement accuracy, it was agreed to permit both materials at the choice of the manufacturer
Test results were presented by TÜV Nord
Decisions on filter size and material have been confirmed
Additional investigations within the program not yet finished determination of NOx measurement accuracy at very low levels measurement of particle number according to PMP protocol
Option 5 – PM Results of Engine 1UNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
PM WHTC hot - TX filter (Var. 1-6)
0,0000
0,0010
0,0020
0,0030
0,0040
0,0050
0,0060
0,0070
0,0080
0,0090
0,0100
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58
PM
[g
/kW
h]
FFPF
Var. 1 Var. 2 Var. 3 Var. 4 Var. 5 Var. 6
Lowest variability with variant 2 (low dilution, high filter face velocity)
No significant influence of filter size (variant 6 compared to variant 3)
Option 5 – PM Results of Engine 2UNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
PM WHTC hot - TX and Teflo filter (Var. 1-8)
0,000
0,005
0,010
0,015
0,020
0,025
0,030
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85
PM
[g
/kW
h]
FF
PF
Teflo, Var.7 and 8
Var. 2 Var. 3 Var. 4 Var. 5Var. 1 Var. 6 Var. 7 Var. 8
Lowest variability with variant 2 (low dilution, high filter face velocity)
No significant influence of filter size (variant 6 compared to variant 3)
No significant difference between TX 40 and Teflo filters
Gasoline EnginesUNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
China and Japan presented test results showing that
current WHDC procedure is not fully applicable to gasoline engines
major modifications would be needed to extend the scope
WHDC group agreed to drop the issue from this gtr
Regional regulations are acceptable for the major stakeholders (Japan, China, USA, EU)
Alignment with Nonroad gtrUNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
WHDC and NRMM secretaries will put together differences between NRMM and WHDC gtr's
WHDC secretary will present a proposal for solution at the March 2009 WHDC meeting
Status:
US Part 1065 amendments have been published, which now allows to complete the nonroad gtr
the nonroad gtr includes many minor details that are not covered within WHDC gtr
it will be possible to align the broad technical requirements to a high degree
Proposal for New Structure of Section 7 UNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
7.1 Principles
7.2 Test cycles
7.3 Engine mapping
7.4 Reference cycle
7.5 Pre-test procedures
7.6 WHTC cycle run
7.7 WHSC cycle run
7.8 General test sequence
7.9 Post-test procedures
Next MeetingsUNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC
27th meeting: 10 to 12 March 2009, Budapest, Hungary
28th meeting: 09(?) June 2009, Geneva ( to prepare final GRPE approval)
Summary
Options 1 and 5 basically solved
Option 2 test programs at JRC and EMA behind schedule; test results will be finally discussed at March 2009 meeting; preliminary results suggest acceptance of average reference fuel
Option 3 test results from engine manufacturers will be available by March 2009, but on a reduced scale compared to the original EPA proposal
Extension of scope to gasoline engines will be dropped
Editorial and technical comments to gtr n°4 by GRPE members to be submitted to secretary by February 2009
gtr time line is confirmed and WP.29 adoption in November 2009 not in jeopardy
Solution of options 3 and 4 might still be feasible by June 2009
UNITED NATIONS
ECE - GRPE
WHDC