Wpar Intro

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2008 IBM Corporation

AIX Workload Partions

Viraf Patel

[email protected]


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Agenda

Introduction to AIX Workload Partitions (WPAR)

WPAR characteristics and positioning

System WPARs

Application WPARs

WPAR administration

Summary


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What are AIX Workload Partitions? Created via software as virtualized environments

in a single AIX instance

Partitioned system capacity Each Workload Partition obtains a regulated

share of the processor and memoryresources

Each Workload Partition has separate

network and filesystems and many systemservices (e.g. telnetd, etc.)

Separate Administrative control

Each Workload partition is a separate

administrative and security domain Shared system resources

I/O Devices

Processor

Operating system

Shared Library and Text

WorkloadPartition

App Svr

WorkloadPartition

Web Svr

WorkloadPartition

Billing Svr

AIX Image

Workload

Partition

Test SvrWorkload

Partition

E


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Single

System or

LPAR

Sys1

Sys2

Sys3

Application A

Application B

Application C

Benefits of IBM AIX Workload Partitions

AIX Partition #1

AIX Partition #2

AIX Partition #3

reduced administration expense by leveraging a single AIX image

drive higher system utilization

reduce the number of system images to maintain

good enough isolation for many workloads


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AIX Workload Partitions can be used in LPARs

LPAR

AsiaLPAR LPAR

EMEA

LPAR

Americas

VIO

Server

MicroPartition Processor PoolDedicatedProcessor

LPAR

Finance

Dedicated

Processor

LPAR

Planning

POWER Hypervisor

WPAR #1

Bus Dev

WPAR #1

MFG

WPAR #2Planning

WPAR #1

eMail

WPAR #2

Test

WPAR #3Billing


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2007 IBM Corporation6

IBM System p5 Flexible Resource Management

AIX Workload Partitions complement System p5 Logical Partitions

Workload Isolation

EaseofAdministration

Workload

Manager

DedicatedProcessor

LPAR

MicroPartition

LPAR

AIX

WorkloadPartitions


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WPAR Implications

What workloads to use on WPARs? Need for dedicated I/O resources

Isolation and security

Security/backup/management standards for WPARs

When to use Application WPARs versus System

WPARs


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Technologies for server consolidation pain points

Workload Partitions

Client needs to consolidate multiple workloads on a

single system for highest efficiency and minimize the

number of AIX operating systems to manage

Application Mobility

Partition Mobility

Partition Mobility or

Application Mobility

MicroPartitions

MicroPartitions or

Workload Partitions

MicroPartitions

AIX Technology

Client needs automatic, policy based relocation of

workloads between systems

Client needs to balance workloads by relocating

workloads between systems with minimum delay

Client needs to balance workloads by relocating

workloads between systems


single system for highest efficiency and maximize the

flexibility to support different environments


single system for highest efficiency

Client workload requires the maximum amount of

isolation between workloads on a single server

Pain point


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When to use Workload Partitions

x

x

x

x

Workload

Partitions

xMove workload between systems

xCross system workloadmanagement

xGreatest FlexibilityxServer Consolidation

Minimal number of AIX images

xHardware enforced Isolation

MicroPartitionsRequirement


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WPAR Terminology

Global environment

Checkpoint and restart

Mobility

Departure system

Arrival system


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WPAR Types

There are 2 types of WPARS System WPAR

Application WPAR

Both WPAR type can be configured for mobility via the AIXWorkload Partition Manager product


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Characteristics of WPARs

Devices Managed and administered in the global environment

Support pseudo-devices in WPARs

Networking Support multiple addresses for login and network services

WPARs IP address is aliased to IP address in the globalenvironment

Configurable at creation time or later

Security Limited interaction with global environment

Limited interaction with persistent objects


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Characteristics of WPARs

WPAR isolation System WPARs and application WPARs are isolated from

each other System WPARs are integrated with AIX RBAC facility which

is not true for Application WPARs

Resource Control Ability to change resources dynamically within a WPAR

Allows share based allocation or percentage basedallocation for processor and memory resources


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Devices in a WPAR

Unavailable /dev/mem

/dev/nvram

Storage available from global environment via a mountedfile system

Network addressing through IP address aliasing from theglobal environment


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WPAR filesystem

System WPAR localized view of filesystem /

/usr

/opt /tmp

/var

/home

3 primary forms of file system access Shared-system

/usr and /opt are shared read-only from the global environment via namefs mounts

nfs hosted Set of fss which can include /usr and /opt mounted ro or rw via a nfs host server

Non-shared /usr and /opt are separate local filesystems (jfs/jfs2) within the WPAR


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Specification file

To use a specification file to create a system WPAR mkwpar -f /tmp/specfile1

To create a specification file as part of the WPAR creationprocess mkwpar -n wpar_name -o /tmp/specfile

To generate a specification file without creating the WPAR,mkwpar -o /tmp/specfile3 -w

/usr/samples/wpars/sample.spec file.


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Attributes before creating system WPAR

root@sq18 (/) > oslevel -s6100-00-00-0000

root@sq18 (/) > uname -a

AIX sq18 1 6 00C1677E4C00

root@sq18 (/) > df -kFilesystem 1024-blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on

/dev/hd4 131072 99376 25% 1798 7% //dev/hd2 1703936 283116 84% 33477 34% /usr/dev/hd9var 196608 183904 7% 440 2% /var

/dev/hd3 196608 195828 1% 18 1% /tmp/dev/hd1 917504 917000 1% 7 1% /home/proc - - - - - /proc/dev/hd10opt 786432 730492 8% 1108 1% /opt/dev/fslv00 2097152 1394432 34% 482 1% /0728a

Can create WPARs using specification file or image.data filemkwpar o /tmp/spec1 w (generate specification file)

mkwpar I image.data file n wpar_name


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Attributes before creating system WPAR

root@sq18 (/) > netstat -niName Mtu Network Address ZoneID Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collen0 1500 link#2 0.9.6b.dd.43.ba 4777662 0 560011 4 0en0 1500 9.19.51 9.19.51.54 4777662 0 560011 4 0

lo0 16896 link#1 83775 0 83786 0 0lo0 16896 127 127.0.0.1 83775 0 83786 0 0lo0 16896 ::1 0 83775 0 83786 0 0

root@sq18 (/) > ifconfig en0en0:

flags=5e080863,c0

inet 9.19.51.54 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 9.19.51.255tcp_sendspace 131072 tcp_recvspace 65536

Note :

- you can edit /etc/hosts and insert entry for new WPARs

- you can use clogin from global environment to access wpar


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Creating System WPAR

root@sq18 (/) > lswparName State Type Hostname Directory-----------------------------------------ec10 T A ec10 /ec12 A S ec12 /wpars/ec12

root@sq18 (/) > mkwpar -n ec09

mkwpar: Creating file systems...//home/opt/proc/tmp/usr/var

mkwpar: Workload partition ec09 created successfully.To start the workload partition, execute the following as root: startwpar [-v] 'ec09

root@sq18 (/) > startwpar -v ec09Starting workload partition ec09.

Invalid Script File...Mounting all workload partition file systems

root@sq18 (/) > lswparName State Type Hostname Directory-----------------------------------------ec09 A S ec09 /wpars/ec09ec10 T A ec10 /ec12 A S ec12 /wpars/ec12


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rootvg before WPAP is created

root@sq18 (/wpars) > du -k /wpars

0 /wparsSpace required is abt 384 Mbyes for a WPAR

IBM S G


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rootvg after WPAR is created

root@sq18 (/) > du -k /wpars

1849472 /wpars/ec09

1849472 /wpars

IBM S t G


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Creating WPAR on P5 system

root@sq18 (/) > lswparroot@sq18 (/) > mkwpar -n ec20mkwpar: Creating file systems...

//home/opt/proc/tmp/usr

/var.

root@sq18 (/) > clogin ec20

Workload partition ec20 is not active.

root@sq18 (/) > startwpar -v ec20Starting workload partition subsystem cor_ec20Return Status = SUCCESS

root@sq18 (/) > clogin ec20**************************************************************************************************

* ** ** Welcome to AIX Version 6.1! ** ** ** Please see the README file in /usr/lpp/bos for information pertinent to ** this release of the AIX Operating System. ** *

* ***************************************************************************************************

mkwpar: Workload partition ec20 created successfully.

To start the workload partition, execute the following as root: startwpar [-v] 'ec20'

real 3m57.74s

user 1m30.02s

sys 0m48.23s

root@sq18 (/) > lswparName State Type Hostname Directory

-----------------------------------------

ec20 A S ec20 /wpars/ec20

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Creating WPAR on a P6 system

# lswparName State Type Hostname Directory-----------------------------------------ec08 D S ec08 /wpars/ec08

# time mkwpar -n ec30mkwpar: Creating file systems...

//home/opt/proc/tmp/usr/var

mkwpar: Workload partition ec30 created successfully.

To start the workload partition, execute the following as root: startwpar [-v] 'ec30'

real 4m0.22s

user 1m4.13s

sys 0m37.17s

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Creating WPAR on a P6 system - SMIT

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Creating WPAR on a P6 system Systems Director AIXConsole

IBM Systems Group


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Creating WPAR on a P6 system Systems Director AIXConsole

IBM Systems Group


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Starting WPARs

# startwpar -v ec09Starting workload partition ec09.

Invalid Script File...Mounting all workload partition file systems.Mounting /wpars/ec09.Mounting /wpars/ec09/home.Mounting /wpars/ec09/opt.Mounting /wpars/ec09/proc.Mounting /wpars/ec09/tmp.Mounting /wpars/ec09/usr.Mounting /wpars/ec09/var.Loading workload partition.$corral_t = {

'vips' => [['en0','9.19.51.136','255.255.255.0',

'9.19.51.255']],

'opts' => 4,'name' => 'ec09','path' => '/wpars/ec09','hostname' => 'ec09','id' => 0,'key' => 7

};

Exporting workload partition devices.Starting workload partition subsystem cor_ec09.0513-059 The cor_ec09 Subsystem has been started. Subsystem PID is 405548.Verifying workload partition startup.Return Status = SUCCESS.

IBM Systems Group


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Viewing WPARs from global environment

root@sq18 (/) > cd /wparsroot@sq18 (/) > lsec08 ec09

root@sq18 (/) > lswparName State Type Hostname Directory-----------------------------------------ec09 A S ec09 /wpars/ec09ec10 A S ec10 /wpars/ec10


IBM Systems Group


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Viewing WPARs filesystems from global

environmentroot@sq18 (/) > lswparName State Type Hostname Directory-----------------------------------------ec09 A S ec09 /wpars/ec09ec10 T A ec10 /ec12 A S ec12 /wpars/ec12

root@sq18 (/) > df -kFilesystem 1024-blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on

/dev/hd4 131072 69524 47% 1820 9% //dev/hd2 1703936 283080 84% 33479 34% /usr/dev/hd9var 196608 183652 7% 452 2% /var/dev/hd3 196608 195804 1% 38 1% /tmp/dev/hd1 917504 917000 1% 7 1% /home

/proc - - - - - /proc/dev/hd10opt 786432 730492 8% 1108 1% /opt/dev/fslv00 2097152 1394432 34% 482 1% /0728a/dev/fslv01 65536 46372 30% 1631 14% /wpars/ec12/dev/fslv02 65536 64136 3% 7 1% /wpars/ec12/home/opt 786432 730492 8% 1108 1% /wpars/ec12/opt/proc - - - - - /wpars/ec12/proc/dev/fslv03 131072 128348 3% 13 1% /wpars/ec12/tmp

/usr 1703936 283080 84% 33479 34% /wpars/ec12/usr/dev/fslv04 131072 118728 10% 395 2% /wpars/ec12/var/dev/fslv05 65536 46964 29% 1631 14% /wpars/ec09/dev/fslv06 65536 64136 3% 7 1% /wpars/ec09/home/opt 786432 730492 8% 1108 1% /wpars/ec09/opt/proc - - - - - /wpars/ec09/proc/dev/fslv07 131072 128348 3% 13 1% /wpars/ec09/tmp/usr 1703936 283080 84% 33479 34% /wpars/ec09/usr

/dev/fslv08 131072 118756 10% 396 2% /wpars/ec09/var

IBM Systems Group


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WPAR listing and ip address aliasing view

lswparName State Type Hostname Directory-----------------------------------------ec09 A S ec09 /wpars/ec09ec10 A S ec10 /wpars/ec10

netstat -niName Mtu Network Address ZoneID Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collen0 1500 link#2 0.9.6b.dd.43.ba 3119936 0 433744 4 0en0 1500 9.19.51 9.19.51.54 3119936 0 433744 4 0en0 1500 9.19.51 9.19.51.136 8909 0 10740 0 0en0 1500 9.19.51 9.19.51.137 1067 0 2045 0 0lo0 16896 link#1 20997 0 21007 0 0lo0 16896 127 127.0.0.1 20997 0 21007 0 0

lo0 16896 ::1 0 20997 0 21007 0

ifconfig en0en0:

flags=5e080863,c0

inet 9.19.51.54 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 9.19.51.255inet 9.19.51.136 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 9.19.51.255

inet 9.19.51.137 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 9.19.51.255tcp_sendspace 131072 tcp_recvspace 65536

lswpar -N ec08Name Interface Address Netmask Broadcast---------------------------------------------------------ec08 en0 9.19.51.154 255.255.255.0 9.19.51.255

IBM Systems Group


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Application WPARs

Provide path to the application or command thatrequires the application WPAR

Use specification file or command line argument

Not necessary to specify WPAR name explicitly atcreation

IBM Systems Group


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Creating Application WPARs

root@sq18 (/) > lswpar

Name State Type Hostname Directory

-----------------------------------------


root@sq18 (/) > wparexec -n ec10 /usr/local/loadgen -t 10 /usr/bin/ps ef > ps.out

wparexec: Verifying file systems...

wparexec: Workload partition ec10 created successfully.

Invalid Script File...

root@sq18 (/) > lswparName State Type Hostname Directory

-----------------------------------------

ec10 A A ec10 /


root@sq18 (/) > clogin ec10

root@ec10 (/) > uname -a

AIX ec10 1 6 00C1677E4C00

IBM Systems Group


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Application WPAR listing and ip address aliasing

viewroot@sq18 (/) > lswpar


-----------------------------------------

ec10 A A ec10 /


root@sq18 (/) > netstat -ni

Name Mtu Network Address ZoneID Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Coll

en0 1500 link#2 0.9.6b.dd.43.ba 5196841 0 569426 4 0

en0 1500 9.19.51 9.19.51.54 5196841 0 569426 4 0

en0 1500 9.19.51 9.19.51.139 1540 0 1073 0 0

en0 1500 9.19.51 9.19.51.137 9 0 0 0 0lo0 16896 link#1 91272 0 91289 0 0

lo0 16896 127 127.0.0.1 91272 0 91289 0 0

lo0 16896 ::1 0 91272 0 91289 0 0

root@sq18 (/) > ifconfig en0

en0:

flags=5e080863,c0

inet 9.19.51.54 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 9.19.51.255



tcp_sendspace 131072 tcp_recvspace 65536

IBM Systems Group


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Removing WPARs

# rmwpar ec09rmwpar: Workload partition 'ec09' is running.rmwpar: Specify -s or -F to stop the workload partition before removing.rmwpar: Return Status = FAILURE

# rmwparA workload partition name must be specified.Usage: rmwpar [-F] [-p] [-s] wparNameFlags:

-F = Forced remove. The '-s' flag is implied.-p = Preserve file systems (system workload partitions only).-s = Stops the workload partition before removing (system workload partitions

only - application workload partitions should use the stopwpar command).

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Removing WPARs

# rmwpar -s ec09rmwpar: Removing workload partition ec09rmwpar: Stopping workload partition ec09Stopping workload partition ec09.Stopping workload partition subsystem cor_ec09.

0513-044 The cor_ec09 Subsystem was requested to stop.stopwpar: 0960-261 Waiting up to 600 seconds for workload partition to halt.

Advanced Accounting is not running.stopwpar: 0960-231 ATTENTION: /usr/lib/wpars/wparinstcmd failed with return code 1.Shutting down all workload partition processes.

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Removing WPARs

# rmwpar -F ec09rmwpar: Removing workload partition ec09rmwpar: Stopping workload partition ec09stopwpar: 0960-254 Workload partition ec09 is not currently active.rmwpar: Removing file system /wpars/ec09/var.

rmlv: Logical volume fslv08 is removed.rmwpar: Removing file system /wpars/ec09/usr.rmwpar: Removing file system /wpars/ec09/tmp.rmlv: Logical volume fslv07 is removed.rmwpar: Removing file system /wpars/ec09/proc.rmwpar: Removing file system /wpars/ec09/opt.rmwpar: Removing file system /wpars/ec09/home.

rmlv: Logical volume fslv06 is removed.rmwpar: Removing file system /wpars/ec09.rmlv: Logical volume fslv05 is removed.rmwpar: Return Status = SUCCESS

# lswparName State Type Hostname Directory

-----------------------------------------ec08 D S ec08 /wpars/ec08

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WPAR administration backup and restore

WPARs are backed up using the mkwpardata command

Image files are generated using the savewpar command

WPARs are restored using restwpar commandroot@sq18 (/) > restwpar -f /dev/rmt1

root@sq18 (/) > lswpar


-----------------------------------------


root@sq18 (/) > savewpar ec12

0512-057 savewpar: Device /dev/rmt0 is not in the available state or is not a tape device or valid file name.

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Summary

WPARs reduce administration expense by leveraging asingle AIX image

LPARs and WPARs drive higher system utilization andoptimize the customers investment

WPARs provide dynamic resource allocation capabilities

WPARs provide good enough isolation for many

workloads

Simple, lightweight, centralized partition administration

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