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Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks

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  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-strin

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

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    Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string

    A permutation, also called an arrangement number or order, is a rearrangement of the elements of an

    ordered list S into a one-to-one correspondence with S itself. A string of length n has n! permutation.

    Source: Mathword(http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Permutation.html)

    Below are the permutations of string ABC.

    ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB, CBA

    http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Permutation.htmlhttp://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/tree/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/program-output/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/c-programs/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/multiple-choice-question/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/linked-list/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/articles/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/c-puzzles/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/bit-magic/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/c-arrays/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/about/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/contribute/ask-a-question/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/contribute/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/java/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-login.phphttp://mathworld.wolfram.com/Permutation.htmlhttp://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/graph/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/tree/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/c-strings/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/program-output/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/c-programs/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/multiple-choice-question/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/linked-list/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/gfact/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/articles/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/c-puzzles/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/bit-magic/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/category/c-arrays/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/about/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/contribute/ask-a-question/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/contribute/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/books/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/java/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c-plus-plus/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/forums/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/about/interview-corner/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gate-corner/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/data-structures/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/fundamentals-of-algorithms/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-login.phphttp://geeksquiz.com/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-strin

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    Here is a solution using backtracking.

    # include

    /* Function to swap values at two pointers */

    void swap (char *x, char *y){

    char temp;

    temp = *x;

    *x = *y;

    *y = temp;

    }

    /* Function to print permutations of string

    This function takes three parameters:

    1. String

    2. Starting index of the string

    3. Ending index of the string. */void permute(char *a, int i, int n)

    {

    int j;

    if (i == n)

    printf("%s\n", a);

    else

    {

    for (j = i; j

  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-strin

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    }

    Output:

    ABC

    ACB

    BAC

    BCA

    CBA

    CAB

    Algorithm Paradigm: Backtracking

    Time Complexity: O(n*n!)

    Please write comments if you find the above codes/algorithms incorrect, or find other ways to solve the same

    problem.

    Related Tpoics:

    Recursively remove all adjacent duplicates

    Find the first non-repeating character from a stream of characters

    Dynamic Programming | Set 33 (Find if a string is interleaved of two other strings)

    Remove b and ac from a given stringDynamic Programming | Set 29 (Longest Common Substring)

    Write your own atoi()

    String matching where one string contains wildcard characters

    Count words in a given string

    97Like Tweet 1 8

    Writing code in comment?Please use ideone.comand share the link here.

    222 Comments

    http://ideone.com/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/count-words-in-a-given-string/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/wildcard-character-matching/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-your-own-atoi/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/longest-common-substring/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/remove-a-and-bc-from-a-given-string/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/check-whether-a-given-string-is-an-interleaving-of-two-other-given-strings-set-2/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/find-first-non-repeating-character-stream-characters/http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/recursively-remove-adjacent-duplicates-given-string/http://twitter.com/search?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwrite-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string%2Fhttps://twitter.com/intent/tweet?original_referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwrite-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string%2F&text=Write%20a%20C%20program%20to%20print%20all%20permutations%20of%20a%20given%20string&tw_p=tweetbutton&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geeksforgeeks.org%2Fwrite-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string%2F&via=jakerutter
  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-strin

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    Kai

    The solution doesn't work if the string contains duplicate charaters like 'AAB' , obviously thiscase should be handled by the permutation algo.

    Pratham

    I wrote the code for variable length string but the program gives segmentation fault.

    #include

    void swap(char *i,char *j)

    {

    char t;t=*i;

    *i=*j;

    *j=t;

    }

    void perm(char *str,int i,int n)

    {

    int j;

    if(i==n)

    {printf("%s",str);

    }

    else

    {

    for(j=i;j

  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-strin

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    int n;

    printf("Enter the string");

    scanf("%s",string);

    n=strlen(string);

    perm(string,0,n);

    return 0;

    }

    please tell me where i went wrong

    Javed

    in the main() funcion you need to pass 1 less than strlen(string) i.e the maximum actu

    index in the string i.e. n-1 to the function perm().

    Pratham

    I tried it javed but still it is giving me the same segmentation fault .

    I am using dev C++ ide

    SHANTANU AGRAWAL

    http://ideone.com/WPCW48

    Ankit

    Can someone tell me that when I use char *temp in the swap function why doesn't my progra

    work?

    sonu

    When length of string is unknown ,i.e. Char array can be of any size , Pass by referen

    is used .

    Vignesh A

    The code works fine with out Back Tracking.. Please explain the logic

    void permute(char *a, int i, int n)

    {

    int j;

    if (i == n)

    printf("%s\n", a);

    else

    http://disqus.com/disqus_q8kx5JdCXE/http://disqus.com/disqus_ztaSsOPhR4/http://disqus.com/disqus_tZd5hq7nNm/http://disqus.com/shantanuagrawal/http://disqus.com/disqus_iVDS5NAHlZ/http://disqus.com/disqus_lT8LybToML/http://ideone.com/WPCW48
  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-strin

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    {

    for (j = i; j

  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-strin

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    if(a+i == a+j && i != j) continue;

    // rest of the code as given

    }

    mragrid

    What if i want the algorithm to stop if it reaches a limit ? for example if we have 3628800 (10!

    permutations and i want it to stop when we have generated 1000 permutations ? and what timcomplexity we will have that way ?

    Jingguo Yao

    Lexicographic permutation generation algorithm handles duplicated characters. See page 31

    of The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 4A, Chapter 7.2.1.2.

    importsys

    MIN_INT = -sys.maxint - 1deflexicographic_order_generation(A):

    A[0:0] = [MIN_INT]

    A.sort()

    n = len(A) - 1

    whileTrue:

    print("".join([str(x) forx inA[1:]]))

    j = n - 1

    whileA[j] >= A[j + 1]:

    j -= 1 ifj == 0:

    return

    l = n

    whileA[j] >= A[l]:

    l -= 1

    A[j], A[l] = A[l], A[j]

    suffix = A[j+1:]

    suffix.reverse()

    A = A[:(j + 1)] + suffix

    A = [1, 2, 3]

    lexicographic_order_generation(A)

    A = list("AABAAC")

    lexicographic_order_generation(A)

    http://disqus.com/jingguoyao/http://disqus.com/mragrid/
  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-strin

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    mathsmaths

    thanks

    DevilGeek

    Just like a tower of Hanoi.

    atiq

    //Repeatation will not harm my code....like AABA ... will give result with no repeatation

    http://ideone.com/acjCxb

    Happy coding

    Sriharsha g.r.v well done and thanq

    Sriharsha g.r.v

    it will not work for repeated character strings i.e "abaaa" it prints many repeated strings

    Gaurav Ramesh

    you can change the swap condition .. to only swap when character at i and j are notsame..

    so your condition inside for will look like:

    for(..){

    if(a+i == a+j && i != j) continue;

    // rest of the code as given..

    }

    akshita

    will you help me in understanding this code plz

    Gaurav Ramesh

    Hi Akshita,

    If you've understood the main code, the change I've suggested is just t

    http://disqus.com/gauravramesh/http://disqus.com/disqus_xj0o057g8H/http://disqus.com/gauravramesh/http://disqus.com/sriharshagrv/http://disqus.com/sriharshagrv/http://disqus.com/atiqwhiz/http://ideone.com/acjCxb
  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-strin

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    prevent swapping of the letters when both letters at i and j are same !

    thus avoiding the repeated permutations..

    derek

    not correct,

    for example 'aabb'

    Gaurav Ramesh

    Hey Derek, I don't see why this shouldn't work for your input ! when i a

    are both pointing to a or b, they shouldn't be swapped and just continu

    Guest

    should be

    if((*(char *)(a+i) == *(char *)(a+j)) && (i != j)) continue;

    Sameer

    http://codingrecipies.blogspot...

    DarkProtocol

    Without recursion is greatly appreciated!!! Thanks in advance.

    GuestPost

    //check this

    //http://www.cplusplus.com/refer...

    Puzzled

    Can someone explain the time complexity

    Neha Garg

    i am unable to understand this code ..plz explain it step wise

    Guy

    the idea is that for every N length string we can calculate the permutation of that string

    http://disqus.com/disqus_iz9DUQjcv2/http://disqus.com/gauravramesh/http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/algorithm/next_permutation/http://codingrecipies.blogspot.in/2013/10/permutation-of-string.html
  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    the permutations of the rest of the string and then the permutations of the string starts

    with the second letter + all the permutations of the rest of the string and so on until we

    reach the strings which starts with the last letter of the string + all the permutations of

    the rest of the string .

    following that logic the recursion tree grows.

    the swap simply moves to the start the letter we wanted to start with and is used to

    make all the changes "in place" thus not to waste extra space.(if space is not a problem then this could also be done by creating an array of strings

    and concatenating the first letter to the already generated string each time instead of t

    swap).

    Bharath G M

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v...Good one..

    all izz well

    iam not able to understand this program ....

    can anyone trace and explian it plz ..........

    Bharath G M

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v..... Good one

    Nhan

    Time Complexity is O(n!), not O(n*n!)

    First for-loop is n times, second for-loop in the first recursive call is (n-1) times and so on.

    Hence O(n!), or more tightly _Theta_(n!) as both lower and upper bounds are (n!)

    Silent

    what is the need of backtrack step here?? answer is still correct without this step..

    Marsha Donna

    the need 4 backtracking is to always work with the original string..in the second iterati

    after a and b are swapped the string becomes bac..when the function is recurively

    called..the permutation of bac keepin b fixed are Bac and Bca...if we leave the string a

    bca..in the next iteration when we have to swap a and c(in original string abc) to form

    cba it would not be possible correctly unless we revert Bca back to bac...then it would

    go back change bac to the original string abc after which a and c are swapped to cba

    http://disqus.com/marshadonna/http://disqus.com/bharathgm/http://disqus.com/allizzwell/http://disqus.com/bharathgm/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQcwxQK2DPAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQcwxQK2DPA
  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    the next iteration...see the figure above

    Pranjal

    Its correct for the ABC case --- Try it with 4 characters and you will see the importanc

    of backtracking !!!

    Guest

    // TreeToDLL.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.

    #include "stdafx.h"

    #include

    usingnamespacestd;

    structNode

    {

    intdata; Node *left;

    Node *right;

    };

    classTree

    {

    staticintl;

    staticintflip;

    staticintleafdepth;

    staticNode * prev;staticNode * previous;

    staticintcount;

    public:

    Node *head;

    intmaxdepth;

    Tree()

    {

    head = NULL;

    maxdepth = 0;

    }

    voidInorder(Node *node)

    {

    if(node)

    {

    Inorder(node->left);

    std::cout

  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    }

    voidTreetoDLL(Node *node)

    {

    if(node)

    {

    TreetoDLL(node->left);

    if(previous)

    {

    previous->right = node;

    node->left = previous;

    }

    if(count == 0)

    {

    head = node;

    count = count + 1;

    }

    previous = node;

    TreetoDLL(node->right);

    }

    }

    voidPrintDLL()

    {

    Node *tmp = head;

    while(tmp)

    {

    std::coutright;

    }

    }

    voidInsertNode(Node *node,intdata)

    {

    Node * tmp = node;

    if(head == NULL)

    {

    head = newNode;

    head->data = data;

    head->left = NULL;

    head->right = NULL;

    return;

    }

    elseif(tmp)

    {

    prev = tmp;

    if data > tm ->data

  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

    http:///reader/full/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string

    2/27/2014 Write a C program to print all permutations of a given string | GeeksforGeeks

    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    {

    l=0;

    tmp = tmp -> right;

    InsertNode(tmp,data);

    }

    else

    {

    l=1;

    InsertNode(tmp->left,data);

    }

    }

    if(l == 1)

    {

    prev->left = newNode;

    prev->left->data = data;

    prev->left->left = NULL;

    prev->left->right = NULL;

    l = -1;

    return;

    }

    elseif(l == 0)

    {

    prev->right = newNode;

    prev->right->data = data;

    prev->right->left = NULL;

    prev->right->right = NULL;

    l = -1;

    return;

    }

    }

    };

    intTree::l =0;

    intTree::flip =0;

    intTree::leafdepth =-1;

    intTree::count = 0;

    Node * Tree::prev = NULL;

    Node * Tree::previous = NULL;

    intmain(intargc, char* argv[])

    {

    Tree t;

    t.InsertNode(t.head,10);

    t.InsertNode(t.head,7);

    t.InsertNode(t.head,13);

  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

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    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    t.InsertNode(t.head,5);

    t.InsertNode(t.head,9);

    t.InsertNode(t.head,12);

    t.InsertNode(t.head,15);

    t.InsertNode(t.head,3);

    t.InsertNode(t.head,6);

    t.InsertNode(t.head,8);

    t.InsertNode(t.head,11);t.InsertNode(t.head,1);

    t.InsertNode(t.head,4);

    t.InsertNode(t.head,2);

    t.TreetoDLL(t.head);

    t.PrintDLL();

    return0;

    }

    raghvendra

    #include

    #include

    #include

    using namespace std;

    char str[100];

    void permutation(int n)

    {

    char x;

    if(n

  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

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    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    }

    }

    intmain()

    {

    cin>>str;

    cout

  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

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    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    }

    Indra Kumar Gurjar

    /* withour recursion */.

    #include

    #includestruct node

    {

    char *str;

    int curr;

    struct node* next;.

    };

    typedef struct node node;.

    node * new_node(char *str, int curr, node* next).

    {

    char *temp;.

    temp=(char*)malloc(strlen(str)+1);

    node* ptr=(node*)malloc(sizeof(node));.

    ptr->str=temp;

    strcpy(ptr->str, str);

    Indra Kumar Gurjar

    /* withour recursion */.

    #include

    #include

    struct node

    {

    char *str;

    int curr;

    struct node* next;.

    };

    typedef struct node node;.

    node * new_node(char *str, int curr, node* next).

    {

    char *temp;.

    temp=(char*)malloc(strlen(str)+1);

    node* ptr=(node*)malloc(sizeof(node));.

    -> =

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    http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/write-a-c-program-to-print-all-permutations-of-a-given-string/

    strcpy(ptr->str, str);

    Irfanali117

    publicclasspermute {

    staticvoidpermute(intlevel, String permuted,

    booleanused[], String original) {

    intlength = original.length();

    if(level == length) {

    System.out.println(permuted);

    } else{

    for(inti = 0; i < length; i++) {

    if(!used[i]) {

    used[i] = true;

    permute(level + 1, permuted + original.charAt(i),

    used, original);

    used[i] = false;

    }

    Raj Kishor

    [sourcecode language="C++"]

    //permutation of a string

    #include

    #include

    using namespace std;

    void permute(string ,string , int);

    int main()

    {

    string str="",dats;

    coutdats;

    cout

  • 5/24/2018 Write a C Program to Print All Permutations of a Given String _ GeeksforGeeks - s...

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    void permute(string str,string dats, int j)

    Kamal Zuhairi Zamli

    is this vb...no c version of the code ?

    vishal

    //In C#....

    public static void permutation(string strPrefix, string str)

    {

    int n = str.Length;

    if(n == 1)

    Console.WriteLine(strPrefix + str);

    for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++)

    {

    string prefix = strPrefix + str.Substring(i, 1);

    permutation(prefix, str.Substring(0,i) + str.Substring(i+1,n-i-1));

    }

    }

    rajashekar007

    What if there are duplicates in the string?

    https://disqus.com/websites/?utm_source=geeksforgeeks&utm_medium=Disqus-Footerhttp://disqus.com/
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