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Write an algebraic expression to represent

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Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression. 1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3 SOLUTION: Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is . 2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number SOLUTION: Let x be the number. 4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x 2 . The keyword differencemeans subtraction. So, the algebraic expression is 4x x 2 . Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation. 3. SOLUTION: The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18. 4. SOLUTION: The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27. 5. SOLUTION: The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12. 6. SOLUTION: Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is 16. Name the property illustrated by each Name the property illustrated by each statement. 7. SOLUTION: Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a. 8. If and , then . SOLUTION: Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c. Solve each equation. Check your solution. 9. SOLUTION: Substitute z = 53 in the equation. Therefore, the solution is z = 53. 10. SOLUTION: Substitute x = 6 in the equation. The solution of the equation is x = 6. eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1 1 - 3 Solving Equations
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Page 1: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 2: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 3: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 4: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 5: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 5

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 6: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 6

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 7: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 7

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 8: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 8

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 9: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 9

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 10: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 10

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 11: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 11

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 12: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 12

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 13: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 13

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 14: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 14

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 15: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 15

1-3 Solving Equations

Page 16: Write an algebraic expression to represent

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

1. the product of 12 and the sum of a number and negative 3

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number. The sum of x and negative 3 is x + (–3). The product of 12 and the sum of x and negative 3 is

.

2. the difference between the product of 4 and a number and the square of the number

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number.

4 times of x is 4x. The square of x is x2.

The keyword ‘difference’ means subtraction.

So, the algebraic expression is 4x – x2.

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

3. 

SOLUTION:  The sum of five times a number and 7 equals 18.

4. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between the square of a number and 9 is 27.

5. 

SOLUTION:  The difference between five times a number and the cube of that number is 12.

6. 

SOLUTION:  Eight more than the quotient of a number and four is –16.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

7. 

SOLUTION:  Reflexive Property; the Reflexive Property of Equality states that for any real number a, a = a.

8. If   and , then .

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

9. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute z = 53 in the equation.

Therefore, the solution is z = 53.

10. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution of the equation is

x = –6.  

11. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –8 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –8.

12. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –7.

13. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = –6.

14. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –4 in the equation.

So, the solution is y = –4.

15. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute a = 3 in the equation.

So, the solution is a = 3.

16. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = 8 in the equation.

So, the solution is c = 8.

17. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = 4 in the equation.

So, the solution is x = 4.

18. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute m = –5 in the equation.

So, the solution is m = –5.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

19.  ,for q

SOLUTION:  

20.  , for n

SOLUTION:  

21. MULTIPLE CHOICE If , what is the

value of ?

A –10 B –3 C 1 D 5

SOLUTION:  

The correct choice is B.

Write an algebraic expression to represent each verbal expression.

22. the difference between the product of four and a number and 6

SOLUTION:  Let the number be n. The product of four and n is 4n. The keyword ‘difference’ indicates subtraction.The algebraic expression is 4n – 6.  

23. the product of the square of a number and 8

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

The square of x is x2.

The algebraic expression is 8x2.

24. fifteen less than the cube of a number

SOLUTION:  Let the number be x.

Cube of x is x3.

15 less than x3 is x

3 – 15.

25. five more than the quotient of a number and 4

SOLUTION:  

Let the number be x. The quotient of x and 4 is .

Five more than  is  +5.

 

Write a verbal sentence to represent each equation.

26. 

SOLUTION:  Four less than 8 times a number is 16.

27. 

SOLUTION:  The quotient of the sum of 3 and a number and 4 is 5.

28. 

SOLUTION:  Three less than four times the square of a number is 13.

29. BASEBALL During a recent season, Miguel Cabrera and Mike Jacobs of the Florida Marlins hit acombined total of 46 home runs. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. How many home runs did each player hit? Define a variable, write an equation,and solve the problem.

SOLUTION:  

n = number of home runs Jacobs hit. Cabrera hit 6 more home runs than Jacobs. The keyword ‘more than’ mean addition. So, number of home runs Cabrera hit = n + 6. Total number of home runs is 46. Therefore:  

  Jacobs hit 20 home runs and Cabrera hit 26 home runs.

Name the property illustrated by each statement.

30. If x + 9 = 2, then x + 9 – 9 = 2 – 9

SOLUTION:  Subtraction Property of Equality; the Subtraction Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a - c = b - c.

31. If y = –3, then 7y = 7(–3)

SOLUTION:  Substitution Property of Equality; the Substitution Property of Equality states that if a = b, then a may be replaced by b and b may be replaced by a.

32. If g = 3h and 3h = 16, then g = 16

SOLUTION:  Transitive Property; the Transitive Property of Equality states that for any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c, then a = c.

33. If –y = 13, then –(–y) = –13

SOLUTION:  Multiplication Property of Equality; this states that forany real numbers a, b, and c, , if a = b, then

.

34. MONEY Aiko and Kendra arrive at the state fair with $32.50. What is the total number of rides they can go on if they each pay the entrance fee?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the total number of rides. The entrance fee for two persons = 2($7.50) = $15.00

So, Aiko and Kendra can go on a total of 7 rides.

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

35. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 5 in the original equation.

The solution is y = 5.

36. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –7 in the equation.

The solution is x = –7.

37. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = –3 in the equation.

The solution is y = –3.

38. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute g = –5 in the original equation.

The solution is g = –5.

39. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute x = –6 in the equation.

The solution is x = –6.

40. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute y = 8 in the equation.

The solution is y = 8.

41. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute c = –3 in the equation.

The solution is c = –18.

42. 

SOLUTION:  

Substitute d = 4 in the equation.

The solution is d = 4.

43. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 inches. Find the length of each side.

SOLUTION:  The perimeter of a regular pentagon is given by P = 5s, where s is the side length. Substitute P = 100.

The length of each side of the pentagon is 20 inches.

44. MEDICINE For Nina’s illness her doctor gives her a prescription for 28 pills. The doctor says that she should take 4 pills the first day and then 2 pills each day until her prescription runs out. For how many days does she take 2 pills?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the number of days Nina takes 2 pills.Total number of pills = 28. So:

  Nina takes 2 pills a day for 12 days.

Solve each equation or formula for the specifiedvariable.

45.  , for m

SOLUTION:  

46.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

47.  , for h

SOLUTION:  

48.  , for y

SOLUTION:  

49.  , for a

SOLUTION:  

50.  , for z

SOLUTION:  

51. GEOMETRY The formula for the volume of a

cylinder with radius r and height h is times the radius times the height. a. Write this as an algebraic expression. b. Solve the expression in part a for h.

SOLUTION:  a. The keyword ‘times’ indicates multiplication.Let V  be the volume of the cylinder.  

  b. Divide both sides by .

 

52. AWARDS BANQUET A banquet room can seat a maximum of 69 people. The coach, principal, and vice principal have invited the award-winning girls’ tennis team to the banquet. If the tennis team consists of 22 girls, how many guests can each student bring?

SOLUTION:  Let n be the number of guests each student can bring. The maximum number of people can be seated in theroom is 69. The tennis team, coach, principal and vice principal gives 25 to attend the banquet.

Solve for n.  

  Therefore, each student can bring 2 guests.  

Solve each equation. Check your solution.

53. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = −2.

54. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is x = 3.

55. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is k = −4.

56. 

SOLUTION:  

  Check:

  The solution is p = 3.

57. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

58. 

SOLUTION:  

Check:

The solution is .

59. FINANCIAL LITERACY Benjamin spent $10,734on his living expenses last year. Most of these expenses are listed at the right. Benjamin’s only other expense last year was rent. If he paid rent 12 times last year, how much is Benjamin’s rent each month?

SOLUTION:  Let x be the cost of rent each month. Expense excluding rent = $622 + $428 + $240 + $144= $1434 So:

The rent is $775.

60. BRIDGES The Sunshine Skyway Bridge spans Tampa Bay, Florida. Suppose one crew began building south from St. Petersburg, and another crew began building north from Bradenton. The two crewsmet 10,560 feet south of St. Petersburg approximately 5 years after construction began. a. Suppose the St. Petersburg crew built an average of 176 feet per month. Together the two crews built 21,120 feet of bridge. Determine the average numberof feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. b. About how many miles of bridge did each crew build? c. Is this answer reasonable? Explain.

SOLUTION:  a. Let x be represent the average number of feet built per month by the Bradenton crew. The number of feet the St. Petersburg crew built in 5

years is . Therefore:

The Bradenton crew built an average of 176 feet permonth. b. Each crew built a distance of 10,560 feet. 5,280 feet = 1 mile Therefore, each crew built a distance of 2 miles. c. Yes; it seems reasonable that two crews working 4 miles apart would be able to complete the same amount of miles in the same amount of time.

61. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS The absolutevalue of a number describes the distance of the number from zero. a. GEOMETRIC Draw a number line. Label the integers from –5 to 5. b. TABULAR Create a table of the integers on the number line and their distance from zero. c. GRAPHICAL Make a graph of each integer x and its distance from zero y using the data points in the table. d. VERBAL Make a conjecture about the integer and its distance from zero. Explain the reason for anychanges in sign.

SOLUTION:  a. The integers from –5 to 5 are –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Draw a number line and plot a point at each integer.

  b.  –5 and 5 are each 5 units from 0, –4 and 4 are 4 units from 0, and so on.

  c.

  d. For positive integers, the distance from zero is the same as the integer. For negative integers, the distance is the integer with the opposite sign because distance is always positive.

62. ERROR ANALYSIS Steven and Jade are solving

 for b2. Is either of them correct?

Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: Jade; in the last step, when Steven

subtracted b1 from each side, he mistakenly put the –

b1 in the numerator instead of after the entire

fraction. To solve for b2, b1must be subtracted from

each side.

63. CHALLENGE Solve

for y1

SOLUTION:  

64. REASONING Use what you have learned in this lesson to explain why the following number trick works. • Take any number. • Multiply it by ten. • Subtract 30 from the result. • Divide the new result by 5. • Add 6 to the result. • Your new number is twice your original.

SOLUTION:  This number trick is a series of steps that can be represented by an equation with x representing the number chosen.

65. OPEN ENDED Provide one example of an equationinvolving the Distributive Property that has no solution and another example that has infinitely many solutions.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: 3(x – 4) = 3x + 5 This has no solution since it simplifies to an untrue equation. 2(3x – 1) = 6x – 2 This has infinite number of solutions since it simplifies to a true equation and x can be any real number.

66. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the Substitution Property of Equality and the Transitive Property of Equality.

SOLUTION:  Sample answer: The Transitive Property utilizes the Substitution Property. While the Substitution Propertyis done with two values, that is, one being substituted for another, the Transitive Property deals with three values, determining that since two values are equal toa third value, then they must be equal.

67. The graph shows the solution of which inequality?

A.              C. 

B.              D. 

SOLUTION:  

The slope of the line is  and the y-intercept is 4.

So, the equation corresponding to the inequality is

. Since the upper region of the line is

shaded, the inequality is . So, the correct

choice is D.

68. SAT/ACT What is  subtracted from its 

reciprocal? F            

G            

H  

J

K        

SOLUTION:  

The reciprocal of  is  .

      

So, the correct choice is G.

69. GEOMETRY Which of the following describes the

transformation of to ?

A. a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units B. a reflection across the x-axis and a translation down 2 units C. a rotation  to the right and a translation down 2 units D. a rotation  to the right and a translation right 2units

SOLUTION:    Analyzing the graph shows that the image was

reflected across the y-axis. The answer is A a reflection across the y-axis and a translation down 2 units.

70. SHORT RESPONSE A local theater sold 1200 tickets during the opening weekend of a movie. On the following weekend, 840 tickets were sold. What was the percent decrease of tickets sold?

SOLUTION:  Difference = 1200 – 840 = 360

71. Simplify .

SOLUTION:  

72. BAKING Tamera is making two types of bread.

The first type of bread needs  cups of flour, and 

the second needs  cups of flour. Tamera wants to

make 2 loaves of the first recipe and 3 loaves of the second recipe. How many cups of flour does she need?

SOLUTION:  

73. LANDMARKS Suppose the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, casts a 220-foot shadow at the same time a nearby tourist casts a 2-foot shadow. If

the tourist is  feet tall, how tall is the Space

Needle?

SOLUTION:  Let h be the height of the Space Needle.

The height of the Space Needle is 605 feet.

74. Evaluate , if a = 5, b = 7, and c = 2.

SOLUTION:  

Identify the additive inverse for each number orexpression.

75. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

 is  .

76. 3.5

SOLUTION:  Since 3.5 – 3.5 = 0, the additive inverse of 3.5 is –3.5.

77. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–2x) + 2x = 0, the additive inverse of –2x is 2x.

78. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 6 is –6 and the additive inverse of –7y is 7y . The additive inverse of 6 –7y is –6 + 7y .

79. 

SOLUTION:  

Since , the additive inverse of

is .

80. 

SOLUTION:  Since (–1.25) + 1.25 = 0, the additive inverse of –1.25 is 1.25.

81. 

SOLUTION:  Since 5x – 5x = 0, the additive inverse of 5x is –5x.

82. 

SOLUTION:  The additive inverse of 4 is –4 and the additive inverse of 9x is –9x. So, the additive inverse of 4 – 9x is –4 + 9x.

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1-3 Solving Equations


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