8/8/2019 Writing & Research TM
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/writing-research-tm 1/10
Neun-ufeqGzeibb-kbf Neun-ufeqGzeibb-kbf Sqj~jmc Sqj~jmc
(( Qo{oeqkiQo{oeqki^F ^F
—Sqj~jmc ( Qo{oeqki ^F‖ j{ e ~qenofeq` —Sqj~jmc ( Qo{oeqki ^F‖ j{ e ~qenofeq`
bh Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- emn bh Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- emn bwoqe~o{ umnoq ~io Aqemn mefo bh bwoqe~o{ umnoq ~io Aqemn mefo bh Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk-mnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk-
8/8/2019 Writing & Research TM
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/writing-research-tm 2/10
—Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- j{ e—Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- j{ e _mjxoq{ed$ edd jm bmo$ {bdu~jbm wqbxjnoq hbq _mjxoq{ed$ edd jm bmo$ {bdu~jbm wqbxjnoq hbq fud~j&heko~on Au{jmo{{ ( Wqjxe~o djxo{-‖ fud~j&heko~on Au{jmo{{ ( Wqjxe~o djxo{-‖ KOB$ _feq Neun" Nexjn-KOB$ _feq Neun" Nexjn-
Qoedj|jmc ~io moon hbq ehhbqneado e{ sodd Qoedj|jmc ~io moon hbq ehhbqneado e{ sodd e{ qodjeado sqj~jmc emn qo{oeqki {oqxjko{$e{ qodjeado sqj~jmc emn qo{oeqki {oqxjko{$ emn ~b hjdd jm ~io {ibq~hedd bh ~io nofemnon emn ~b hjdd jm ~io {ibq~hedd bh ~io nofemnon
~edom~ jm ~ij{ jmnu{~qz$ Jmnowomnom~ ~edom~ jm ~ij{ jmnu{~qz$ Jmnowomnom~
Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- kefo uw sj~i eQo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- kefo uw sj~i e ~qenofeq` —Sqj~jmc ( Qo{oeqki ^F‖ jm~qenofeq` —Sqj~jmc ( Qo{oeqki ^F‖ jm bqnoq ~b wqbxjno j~{ uedj~z {oqxjko{ ~bbqnoq ~b wqbxjno j~{ uedj~z {oqxjko{ ~b au{jmo{{o{ emn jmnjxjnued{ ekqb{{ ~ioau{jmo{{o{ emn jmnjxjnued{ ekqb{{ ~io
cdbao-cdbao-
^io sqj~jmc emn qo{oeqki noweq~fom~ ^io sqj~jmc emn qo{oeqki noweq~fom~ e~ Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- ofwdbz{e~ Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- ofwdbz{ jm~oddok~ued keweajdj~z ~b qomnoq oy~om{jxom~oddok~ued keweajdj~z ~b qomnoq oy~om{jxo
e{ sodd e{ jm~om{jxo qo{oeqki {~qjxjmc sez e{ sodd e{ jm~om{jxo qo{oeqki {~qjxjmc sez ieqn ~iem b~ioq qo{oeqki Bqcemj|e~jbm{ ~bieqn ~iem b~ioq qo{oeqki Bqcemj|e~jbm{ ~b qoeki e~ ~io doxod bh —Ewwqbekijmc Woqhok~ qoeki e~ ~io doxod bh —Ewwqbekijmc Woqhok~ Qo{oeqki‖e~ {wokjhjk ~jfo {wem- —Qo{oeqkiQo{oeqki‖e~ {wokjhjk ~jfo {wem- —Qo{oeqki
( Sqj~jmc ^F‖$ e~ Jmnowomnom~ ( Sqj~jmc ^F‖$ e~ Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- j{ qo{wbm{jado hbq Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- j{ qo{wbm{jado hbq kbmnuk~jmc qo{oeqki ~b iodw {oo` {bdu~jbm{kbmnuk~jmc qo{oeqki ~b iodw {oo` {bdu~jbm{
8/8/2019 Writing & Research TM
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/writing-research-tm 3/10
hbq fzqjen mufaoq bh deazqjm~ijmohbq fzqjen mufaoq bh deazqjm~ijmo wqbko{{o{$ ~iu{ kbddok~jmc e ioew bhwqbko{{o{$ ~iu{ kbddok~jmc e ioew bh
jm~oddok~ued `mbsdonco emn {kibdeqdz m~oddok~ued `mbsdonco emn {kibdeqdz fe~oqjed oxoq hbumn aohbqo-fe~oqjed oxoq hbumn aohbqo-
^io hbddbsjmc j{ e Comoqed Ewwqbeki^io hbddbsjmc j{ e Comoqed Ewwqbeki ewwdjon ioqo e~ Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ewwdjon ioqo e~ Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk-0mk-0
Qo{oeqki &&&&= Kbddok~ &&&&= Bqcemj|o &&&=Qo{oeqki &&&&= Kbddok~ &&&&= Bqcemj|o &&&=
^ijm` ) Fo~jkudbu{ ~ijm`jmc* &&&&= [bdxo^ijm` ) Fo~jkudbu{ ~ijm`jmc* &&&&= [bdxo ) Nj{kbxoq" Jmxom~ e qodjeado [bdu~jbm*) Nj{kbxoq" Jmxom~ e qodjeado [bdu~jbm*
Hbddbsjmc eqo ~io Aqben Ke~ocbqjo{ jmHbddbsjmc eqo ~io Aqben Ke~ocbqjo{ jm
sijki —Sqj~jmc ( Qo{oeqki ^F‖ qomnoq{sijki —Sqj~jmc ( Qo{oeqki ^F‖ qomnoq{ au{jmo{{ jm<au{jmo{{ jm<
5<* Huddz Qohoqomkon Ekenofjk 5<* Huddz Qohoqomkon Ekenofjk Lbuqmed{----------bh emz domc~i--------emz Lbuqmed{----------bh emz domc~i--------emz
[ualok~- S ( Q$ omkbfwe{{o{ aqben [ualok~- S ( Q$ omkbfwe{{o{ aqben {wok~quf bh ~bwjk{ sj~i aqben {wok~quf bh ~bwjk{ sj~i aqben {wokjhjke~jbm{ emn eabxo edd$ bh xjq~ueddz {wokjhjke~jbm{ emn eabxo edd$ bh xjq~ueddz jmhjmj~o domc~i emn oywdeme~jbm{ sj~imhjmj~o domc~i emn oywdeme~jbm{ sj~i
{jfwdo emn wqbxom oyefwdo{-{jfwdo emn wqbxom oyefwdo{-
1<* Huddz qohoqomkon e{ sodd e{ wuadj{ion 1<* Huddz qohoqomkon e{ sodd e{ wuadj{ion
8/8/2019 Writing & Research TM
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/writing-research-tm 4/10
Abb`{----bh emz domc~i----emz {ualok~$Abb`{----bh emz domc~i----emz {ualok~$ Jmkdunjmc Wewoq Aek` emn Ieqn Kbxoq mkdunjmc Wewoq Aek` emn Ieqn Kbxoq Abb`{ edbmc sj~i e [bh~" Odok~qbmjk Kbwz-Abb`{ edbmc sj~i e [bh~" Odok~qbmjk Kbwz-
;<* ^qejmjmc Femued{ emn Feq`o~jmc ;<* ^qejmjmc Femued{ emn Feq`o~jmc Fe~oqjed{$ jh moko{{eqz so ed{b wqbxjnoFe~oqjed{$ jh moko{{eqz so ed{b wqbxjno wqjm~on kbwjo{ emn wuadjke~jbm{- ^okimjked wqjm~on kbwjo{ emn wuadjke~jbm{- ^okimjked sqj~jmc eabu~ e kbfwemz#{ wqbnuk~{$sqj~jmc eabu~ e kbfwemz#{ wqbnuk~{$
u{eco$ ij{~bqz$ wqbkonuqo{ hbq nj{~qjau~jbmu{eco$ ij{~bqz$ wqbkonuqo{ hbq nj{~qjau~jbm
~b nodoce~o{$ sbq`{ibw$ kbmhoqomko (~b nodoce~o{$ sbq`{ibw$ kbmhoqomko ( kbuq{o e~~omnoo{-kbuq{o e~~omnoo{-
><* [ibq~ Eq~jkdo{< Huddz qohoqomkon ><* [ibq~ Eq~jkdo{< Huddz qohoqomkon emn oe{z ~b umnoq{~emn zo~ sqj~~om jmemn oe{z ~b umnoq{~emn zo~ sqj~~om jm wqbho{{jbmed demcueco ~ie~ fe~ki ~iowqbho{{jbmed demcueco ~ie~ fe~ki ~io
qoujqofom~{ hbq wuadj{ijmc bmqoujqofom~{ hbq wuadj{ijmc bm mos{wewoq{$ fece|jmo{ emn jm{~j~u~jbm#{mos{wewoq{$ fece|jmo{ emn jm{~j~u~jbm#{
mos{do~~oq{-mos{do~~oq{-
?<* Kbwz Onj~jmc< Onj~jmc hudd ?<* Kbwz Onj~jmc< Onj~jmc hudd femu{kqjw~{$ qowbq~{$ lbuqmed{$ emn b~ioq femu{kqjw~{$ qowbq~{$ lbuqmed{$ emn b~ioq
sqj~~om fe~oqjed{ hbq wumk~ue~jbm$ hduomkz$sqj~~om fe~oqjed{ hbq wumk~ue~jbm$ hduomkz$ cqeffe~jked ekkuqekz$ wqbho{{jbmedj{fcqeffe~jked ekkuqekz$ wqbho{{jbmedj{f emn kbm{ouom~dz fe`jmc ~iof dbb` emn kbm{ouom~dz fe`jmc ~iof dbb`
8/8/2019 Writing & Research TM
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/writing-research-tm 5/10
8/8/2019 Writing & Research TM
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/writing-research-tm 6/10
{ucco{~jbm{ emn sez{ hbq mos au{jmo{{o{{ucco{~jbm{ emn sez{ hbq mos au{jmo{{o{ qoceqnjmc {~qe~ocjo{ ~b om~oq jm~b e mos qoceqnjmc {~qe~ocjo{ ~b om~oq jm~b e mos feq`o~ emn ibs ~b hjci~ ~io cjem~{-feq`o~ emn ibs ~b hjci~ ~io cjem~{-
Oykow~jbm< So {oqxo oxoqz ~zwo bh Oykow~jbm< So {oqxo oxoqz ~zwo bh jmnjxjnued$ kbfwemz$weq~moq{ijw bq {bdo& mnjxjnued$ kbfwemz$weq~moq{ijw bq {bdo&
bsmoq{ijw sib j{ mb~ e{{bkje~on$ bq bsmoq{ijw sib j{ mb~ e{{bkje~on$ bq qummjmc em FDF$ Ajmeqz Wdem$ Njqok~ qummjmc em FDF$ Ajmeqz Wdem$ Njqok~
[oddjmc$ Mo~sbq` Feq`o~jmc$ Fe~qjy Wdem{[oddjmc$ Mo~sbq` Feq`o~jmc$ Fe~qjy Wdem{
o~k- So eqo {bqqz hbq edd FDF emn ~ioo~k- So eqo {bqqz hbq edd FDF emn ~io njhhoqom~ ouwiofj{f{ u{on hbq FDF njhhoqom~ ouwiofj{f{ u{on hbq FDF au{jmo{{o{ sqj~~om eabxo% So eqo mb~ ioqoau{jmo{{o{ sqj~~om eabxo% So eqo mb~ ioqo ~b {oqxo ~ij{ au{jmo{{ Fbnod-~b {oqxo ~ij{ au{jmo{{ Fbnod-
So eqo edsez{ dbb`jmc hbqseqn ~b {oqxo zbu ao~~oq So eqo edsez{ dbb`jmc hbqseqn ~b {oqxo zbu ao~~oq
iem oxoq% iem oxoq%
_feq Neun" Nexjn _feq Neun" Nexjn
Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk-Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk-
Oywoq~{kbdufm-kbfOywoq~{kbdufm-kbf
8/8/2019 Writing & Research TM
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/writing-research-tm 7/10
ekenofjkwewoqsqj~oqG{~unom~-kbfekenofjkwewoqsqj~oqG{~unom~-kbf
+:1;>?:97;:;1 +:1;>?:97;:;1
Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- kedd{Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- kedd{ hbq umjbm bh Edd Ekenofjk Sqj~oq{ ecejm{~ hbq umjbm bh Edd Ekenofjk Sqj~oq{ ecejm{~ hqeunudom~ O{{ez Sqj~jmc {j~o{<$hqeunudom~ O{{ez Sqj~jmc {j~o{<$ o{wokjeddz O{{ezsqj~oq{-mo~$ Sqj~oq{-wio{wokjeddz O{{ezsqj~oq{-mo~$ Sqj~oq{-wi o~k-o~k-
Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk-Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- kieddomco{ Wzqefjn$ Ajmeqz$ FDF ~zwokieddomco{ Wzqefjn$ Ajmeqz$ FDF ~zwo co~&qjki&ujk` {kiofo{ az hqeunudom~ co~&qjki&ujk` {kiofo{ az hqeunudom~
kbfwemjo{ bmdjmo-kbfwemjo{ bmdjmo-
Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk-Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- bwoqe~o{ jmnowomnom~dz sj~ibu~ iodw emn bwoqe~o{ jmnowomnom~dz sj~ibu~ iodw emn {uwwbq~ hqbf Cbxoqmfom~{ bq Sodheqo{uwwbq~ hqbf Cbxoqmfom~{ bq Sodheqo
kbffumj~jo{$ ~b iodw wqb~ok~ ~io wobwdokbffumj~jo{$ ~b iodw wqb~ok~ ~io wobwdo hqbf onuke~on {kef{ dj`o FDF$ Wzqefjn hqbf onuke~on {kef{ dj`o FDF$ Wzqefjn {kiofo{ o~k emn nodxo{ noow ~b{kiofo{ o~k emn nodxo{ noow ~b ke~ocbqjkeddz wqbxjmc edd Wzqefjn ~zwoke~ocbqjkeddz wqbxjmc edd Wzqefjn ~zwo
{kiofo{ jddoced emn ieddukjme~jbm-{kiofo{ jddoced emn ieddukjme~jbm-
Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- ed{bJmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- ed{b
8/8/2019 Writing & Research TM
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/writing-research-tm 8/10
kbmnuk~{ wejn qo{oeqki ao{jno{ hqbfkbmnuk~{ wejn qo{oeqki ao{jno{ hqbf kbmnuk~jmc j~{ bsm ~eqco~&ae{on qo{oeqkikbmnuk~jmc j~{ bsm ~eqco~&ae{on qo{oeqki hbq ~io comoqed wuadjk------- ~b he~ibf ~iohbq ~io comoqed wuadjk------- ~b he~ibf ~io noow qoko{{o{ bh e {wokjhjk wqbadof$ fez noow qoko{{o{ bh e {wokjhjk wqbadof$ fez
j~ ao hjmemkjed$ bq fez j~ ao wuqo {kjomko$~ ao hjmemkjed$ bq fez j~ ao wuqo {kjomko$ bq fez j~ ao {bfo {bq~ bh wqjxe~o djho bq bq fez j~ ao {bfo {bq~ bh wqjxe~o djho bq w{zkijk j{{uo emn enxj{o wumk~jdjbu{dz ew{zkijk j{{uo emn enxj{o wumk~jdjbu{dz e sbq`eado {bdu~jbm-sbq`eado {bdu~jbm-
Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- kedd{ hbq Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- kedd{ hbq au{~jmc bh {kef{ bmdjmo bq jm ~io qoed au{~jmc bh {kef{ bmdjmo bq jm ~io qoed sbqdn-sbqdn-
Kbm~ek~<Kbm~ek~<neun-ufeqGzeibb-kbfneun-ufeqGzeibb-kbf
ufeqneunGjm-kbfufeqneunGj m-kbf
neunufeqGcfejd-kbfneunufeqGcfej d-kbf
_feq Neun$_feq Neun$KOB$ Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk-KOB$ Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk-
Ekenofjk Sqj~oq$ Abb` Wuadj{ijmc Ekenofjk Sqj~oq$ Abb` Wuadj{ijmc
( Hjmemkjed Kbm{ud~em~-( Hjmemkjed Kbm{ud~em~-
Kbwzqjci~{ Qo{oqxon< Mb weq~ bh Kbwzqjci~{ Qo{oqxon< Mb weq~ bh
8/8/2019 Writing & Research TM
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/writing-research-tm 9/10
~ij{ nbkufom~ {ibudn ao qowdjke~on$~ij{ nbkufom~ {ibudn ao qowdjke~on$ kbwjon bq qowqbnukon sj~ibu~ wqjbq kbwjon bq qowqbnukon sj~ibu~ wqjbq woqfj{{jbm-woqfj{{jbm-
Mb~o< Edd ~io jfeco{ emn dbcb{ bm ~ij{Mb~o< Edd ~io jfeco{ emn dbcb{ bm ~ij{ nbkufom~------{wokjeddz ~io jfeco jmnbkufom~------{wokjeddz ~io jfeco jm aek`cqbumn-----eqo ~io ~qenofeq`{ bh aek`cqbumn-----eqo ~io ~qenofeq`{ bh Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk-$ emn mnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk-$ emn
{ibudn mb~ ao kbwjon bq u{on sj~ibu~ {ibudn mb~ ao kbwjon bq u{on sj~ibu~
wqjbq woqfj{{jbm-wqjbq woqfj{{jbm-
8/8/2019 Writing & Research TM
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/writing-research-tm 10/10
— — Jmnowomnom~ Jmnowomnom~ Qo{oeqkioq{$Qo{oeqkioq{$ Jmk- j{ eJmk- j{ e _mjxoq{ed$ edd jm_mjxoq{ed$ edd jm
bmo$ {bdu~jbmbmo$ {bdu~jbm wqbxjnoq hbq wqbxjnoq hbq fud~j&heko~on fud~j&heko~on Au{jmo{{ (Au{jmo{{ (
Wqjxe~o djxo{-‖ Wqjxe~o djxo{-‖
KOB$ _feq KOB$ _feq Neun" Nexjn-Neun" Nexjn-