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Writing Student-Centered
Learning Objectives
Please see Reference Document for
references used in this presentation
What is a learning objective?
• Describes what the student will be able to do after the instruction is completed
• The condition under which the student will be able to do it
• The criteria for evaluating the student performance ?
Why are they important?
• Learning objectives help the instructor
Select the content of instruction
Develop an instructional strategy
Select and develop instructional materials
Assess and evaluate student learning
How do you write a LO?
• Focus on student performance (not teacher performance)
• Focus on product (not process)
• Focus on behavior after the instruction (not subject matter)
• Include only one general learning outcome in each objective
Aligned course
Aligned Course
Assessment
Learning Objectives
Learning Activities
Bloom’s taxonomy
Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives
• Three major categories of performance objectives
Cognitive domain
Psychomotor domain
Affective domain
Cognitive domain
• Learning of information and the processes
of dealing with that information. Mental
“skills,” knowledge. Knowing
Psychomotor domain
• Learning of physical movements such as
ballet steps, how to weld, how to drill out a
cavity in a molar. Manual or physical skills –
skills. Doing
Affective domain
• Learning of beliefs, attitudes, and values,
growth in feelings or emotional areas.
Feeling
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Cognitive domain
• Knowledge
• Comprehension
• Application
• Analysis
• Synthesis
• Evaluation
Cognitive Domain
Evaluation
Synthesis (creation)
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Knowledge
• To recall and memorize
• Assess by direct questions
• The object is to test the student’s ability to
recall facts, to identify and repeat
information provided
Basic Knowledge
• Recall
• Identify
• Recognize
• Acquire
• Distinguish
• Define
• Describe
• Label
• List
• Match
• Name
• Recall
Comprehension
• To change from one form to another
• Assess by having students Restate material in their own words
Reorder or extrapolate ideas, predict, or estimate
• Assessments must provide evidence that the students have some understanding or comprehension of what they are saying
Comprehension
• Translate
• Extrapolate
• Convert
• Interpret
• Abstract
• Transform
• Rewrite
• Convert
• Defend
• Distinguish
• Explain
• Give examples
• Paraphrase
• Summarize
Application
• To apply or use information in a new situation
• Assess by presenting students with a unique situation (i.e., one not identical to that used during instruction) and have them apply their knowledge to solve the problem or execute the proper procedure
Application
• Apply
• Sequence
• Carry out
• Solve
• Prepare
• Change
• Construct
• Operate
• Generalize
• Plan
• Repair
• Explain
• Demonstrate
• Use
Analysis
• To examine a concept and break it down into its parts
• Assess by presenting students with a unique situation (of the same type but not identical to that used during instruction), and have them analyze the situation and describe the appropriate procedure or solution to the problem
Analysis• Analyze
• Estimate
• Compare
• Observe
• Detect
• Classify
• Discover
• Discriminate
• Identify
• Explore
• Distinguish
• Catalog
• Investigate
• Breakdown
• Order
• Recognize
• Determine
• Illustrate
Synthesis
• To put information together in a unique or novel way to solve a problem
• Assess by presenting students with a unique situation (NOT of the same type used during instruction), and have them solve a problem by selecting and using appropriate information
Synthesis
• Write
• Plan
• Integrate
• Synthesize
• Formulate
• Propose
• Specify
• Generate
• Produce
• Organize
• Theorize
• Design
• Build
• Systematize
• Create
• Compose
Evaluation
• To make quantitative or qualitative judgments using standards of appraisal
• Assess by presenting the students with a situation which includes both a problem and a solution to the problem and have them justify or critique the solution
Evaluation
• Evaluate
• Verify
• Assess
• Test
• Judge
• Critique
• Compare
• Rank
• Measure
• Appraise
• Select
• Check
• Defend
• Justify
Psychomotor Domain
• Imitation
• Manipulation
• Precision
• Articulation
• Naturalization
Psychomotor Domain
Naturalization
Articulation
Precision
Manipulation
Imitation
Affective Domain
• Receiving
• Responding
• Valuing
• Organizing and conceptualizing
• Internalizing values (characterizing)
Psychomotor Domain
Internalizing
Organizing
Valuing
Responding
Receiving