WÄRTSILÄ Biopower plants -...

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WÄRTSILÄ Biopower plants

WÄRTSILÄ PRESENTATION

1st of June , 2006

Jussi Mikkola JMC Services

For Wärtsilä Biopower Oy

Biopower

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Biopower Strategy

  Concentrate on small (< 10 MWe) plants

  Main strategic steps: –  Buy a suitable entry business with

the assets we need –  Concentrate on ”green markets” to

generate delivery volume –  Through modularization and serial

production reduce the costs of small bio power plants radically

–  Buy technology & know-how, expand to agro fuels & tropical markets

BioGrate Boilers, Wood Fuels

New products & competencies

CHP Plants

Tropical Markets

”Tropical Acquisition”

”Sugar Bagasse, Rice Husk”

”Starting Position”

New Fuels

“Green” Electricity Markets

Improve Performance

Home Markets

Major Challenges

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Fuel source size

No. of sources

Power plant size 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Wärtsilä Biopower

$/MWe

Amount of available fuel sources versus size

“Economies of Scale”- plant investment costs versus size

 The cost of the delivery chain does not follow the plant size

–  Design, equipment, installation, automation, electrification, documentation

 Standardization –  minimizing the design work

–  standard equipment

–  minimized installation time and manpower

–  modular product delivery

 Target: 50 – 70% standardization

Challenge: Economies of Scale

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BioPower Product Portfolio

BioPower 5 (Steam 50 bar(a), 480°C) 17 MWth boiler Plant type MWe Thermal Note BioPower 5 DH 3.7 13.0 MW 90/50°C DH water BioPower 5 HW 3.1 13.5 MW 115/90°C Hot Water BioPower 5 ST 2.4 20.5 t/h 4 bar(a) / 95°C Condensate BioPower 5 CEX 4.0 – 5.3 Up to 17 t/h steam 2 bar(a) BioPower 5 C 5.4 - Power only (C.W. 25/35°C) BioPower 7 (Steam 62 bar(a), 480°C) 23 MWth boiler Plant type MWe Thermal Note BioPower 7 DH 5.1 7.7 MW 90/50°C DH water BioPower 7 CEX 5.3 – 7,3 Up to 24 t/h steam 2 bar(a) BioPower 7 C 7.4 - Power only (C.W. 25/35°C)

Standardization   Rotating BioGrate© combustion for wet fuels

  Water tube boiler (natural circulation)

  Impulse turbine + generator

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  Patented, rotating conical grate

  Combustion area divided into several ring type, rotating zones

  Zone controlled primary air inlet for efficient combustion

  Three stage combustion air inlet for low NOx emissions

  Fuel feeding from the centre bottom

  Under grate wet ash removal

  Designed for wet fuels up to 65%-w

  Long lifetime   Reliable operation   High efficiency combustion   Low NOx and CO

BioGrateTM - Combustion Technology

BioPower 5 Steam Boiler

ECONOMISERS

CONVECTIVE. EVAPORATOR

PRIMARY SUPERHEATER

SECONDARY SUPERHEATER

MEMBRANE WALL DRUM BOILER WITH NATURAL CIRCULATION

  STEAM OUTPUT 17 MW

  FEED WATER TEMPERATURE 105 °C

  FEED WATER PRESSURE 62 BAR(a)

  OPERATION PRESSURE 50 BAR(a)

  OPERATION TEMPERATURE 480 °C

  STEAM FLOW 21 T/h

5.83 kg/s

  EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE 150 °C

MEMBRANWALL COMBUSTION CHAMBER

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BENEFITS TO THE CLIENT

  FAST QUOTATION

  CONSISTENT QUALITY

  TESTED COMPONENTS

  CLEAR SCOPE OF SUPPLY

  FAST SCHEDULES

  ECONOMICALLY ATTRACTIVE PRICE LEVEL

SERIAL PRODUCTION BENEFITS

  STANDARDIZED SOLUTIONS –  PRE DESIGN

–  VARIATIONS WITH OPTIONS

  MODULAR PRODUCT STRUCTURE –  PREFABRICATED MODULES AND UNITS

  TRANSFER OF ASS’Y WORK FROM SITE TO FACTORY

  EFFECTIVE SITE WORK

  NET WORKING WITH GLOBAL PARTNERS

Construction

Benefits of the Cogeneration

Total Efficiency

62 % Existing production system

Total Efficiency

85 %

136 MWh Fuel

55

81

Power plant 40 % efficiency

Heat boiler 80 % efficiency

100 MWh Fuel

Bio Power plant

20 % el efficiency 65 % heat efficiency

Bio cogeneration

20 MWh Power

65 MWh Heat

Transmission lost

10 %

20 MWh Power

65 MWh Heat

Global energy savings >25 %

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  Bioenergy has become a favored alternative

  CO2 emission-neutral energy   Own heat load is important and

valuable source for CHP   Enables CHP with high

efficiency and low environmental impact

  CHP plant provides high total economy

  Wärtsilä BioPower is reliable, efficient and environment-friendly solution

Summary

www.wartsila.com

Grainger Sawmills, Ireland

  One of the leading sawmills in Ireland

  Bark, saw dust, wood chips

  BioPower 2 CEX 3,5 MWth / 1,9 MWe

  > 80 % of electrical power and 100% of thermal energy need of the sawmill

  Turn-key delivery

  Start of commercial operation April 2004

BioPower Reference

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Reference - Finnforest Vilppula

 BioPower 5 HW + BioEnergy 9

 Contract 4/2003

 Start commercial operation 2/2004

 Heat for drying kilns and Vilppula city

 Electricity generation 23 GWh

 Heat production 132 GWh (105 GWh by CHP)

 Fuel consumption 190 GWh Sawmill residuals Bark, sawdust, wood chips

BioPower Reference

  Customer is Finnforest Oyj – one of the biggest sawmill companies in Europe

  Sawmill’s capacity > 240 000 m3/a,


  BioPower 2 HW 8,0 MWth / 1,3 MWe

  Contract 4/2003

  Handing over 2/2004

Renko Sawmill, Finland

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Marks Värme Ltd, Sweden

  Municipal District Heating


  BioPower 5 DH, 16.5 MWth / 3,5 MWe

  Contract 2/2004, Handing over early 2005

BioPower References

BioPower References Trollhättän energi, Sweden

 Municipal District Heating

 Bark, saw dust, wood chips

 BioPower 5 DH, 16.5 MWth / 3,5 MWe

 Contract 2/2004, Handing mid 2005

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BioPower References Trollhättän energi, Sweden

 Municipal District Heating

 Forest Residue Chips

 BioPower 5 CEX, 5,3 MWe / 3,5MWth

 Contract 11/2004, Handing 4/ 2006

Thank You!

www.wartsila.com

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Concrete foundations and floor

How to build a biomass plant

Foundation and earth moving works done - 10.5.2006 = Day 0 -  6…8 weeks working time before day 0 = foundations ready for loading

-  Excavation -  Sewages and cable excavation -  Fillings -  Earthing grid -  Molding boxes -  Installation of sewages -  Concreting -  Installations of base bolts -  Measurements

Boiler lower part

Start of mechanical installations - Main lifting 2 -  2 weeks working time

-  Welding and assembly combustion chamber

Combustion chamber pre welding before lifting 10.5 – 18.5.2006

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Boiler upper part

Economizer

Steam Drum

Boiler lifting done – Main lifting 2 -  2 weeks from day 0 = 24.5.2006 - ½ weeks working time

-  Lifting of boiler, eco -  Lifting of oil boiler and stack at the same time

Boiler pre welding before lifting 10.5 – 23.5.2006

Stair Tower

Stair tower installations starts -  2 weeks from day 0 -  2 weeks working time

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Venting Module Live Steam Module Feed Water Tank Module

Blow Down Tank Module

Make-up Water Tank

Module lifting starts -  2 weeks from day 0 - 1½ weeks working time

-  Modules at foundation level -  Fuel feeding bin and conveyor inside of the boiler house -  Ash conveyors

All the modules and stair tower installed -  6 weeks from day 0 = 23.6.2006 -  Primary supporting steels and platforms assembly done -  Assembly of pipes and ducts starts -  Installation of boiler down comers and risers starts -  Building frame installation is ongoing at the same time

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Steel for building

Building frame and platforms ready -  7 weeks from day 0 = 30.6.2006 -  Building frame installation done and continue with wall installations -  Mechanical installations continues

Walls

Wall installations done -  10 weeks from day 0 = 19.7.2006

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Roof

Roofs closed -  12 weeks from day 0 = 1.8.2006 -  Electrical installations starts

Radiators Electrical filter Process equipment and connections work starts -  15 weeks from date 0 = 15.8.2006 -  Radiators -  ESP -  Pipeline bridges

Back

03/10/11

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PLACE PICTURE OF YOUR CHOICE HERE.

For approved photos visit http://w3/communications/brand_central/ (Brand Central Station) and take a look at the Image Library.

2nd International Bio-energy Conference & Exhibition

Ken McDonald Executive Assistant to the Senior Vice-President Distribution May 31, 2006

Distribution Line of Business

Outline

•  Biomass as an electricity generating resource

•  Opportunities in BC

•  Challenges to electricity production

•  Alignment with BC Hydro’s future plans

03/10/11

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Distribution Line of Business May 31, 2006

Why Biomass for electricity production?

•  It is a carbon neutral energy source depending on prescribed levels of emissions

•  Derived from industrial by-product

•  Potentially a significant source of process heat and electricity in the forestry and pulp and paper industries, ie self-generation

•  Renewable and sustainable when managed in accordance with contemporary standards

•  Biomass electricity projects can be EcoLogo certified


Common Sources

•  Agricultural residue •  Pulp and paper mill residue •  Urban wood waste •  Municipal solid waste •  Forest residue •  Energy crops •  Landfill methane •  Animal waste

03/10/11

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Challenges to Biomass Electricity Generation

•  Costs may be prohibitive due to large boilers and waste-handling plant needed

•  Fuel handling and storage cost is much higher than for gas fired or coal fired plants

•  Heat rates of 14,000 to 18,000 BTU per kWh yield efficiency rates of only 18% to 24%

•  Most competitive projects are located in areas of low priced feedstock and/or where electricity selling prices are high

•  Long-haul transportation costs are high

•  Slow response to customers’ peak demand

•  Suppliers of biomass have other growing and higher value markets for their resource

•  Long term fuel supply and financing a challenge for some projects


Benefits of Biomass Electricity Generation

•  Reliable supply with both dependable capacity and firm energy

•  Recycle wood waste and other residues

•  Potential benefits vary with availability of fuel source

•  Emission mitigation costs borne by developer ?

•  Identified within BC Clean Guidelines (Provincial Energy Plan 2002)

•  May be certified as Green Energy under EcoLogo

03/10/11

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Current Status of Biomass Generation in BC

Existing Generation Competitive Acquisition Activities •  F2006 Open Call (underway)

•  Planned calls in F2007 and F208 as outlined in the 2006

Integrated Electricity Plan


BC Hydro’s F2006 Open Call for Power

•  37 bidders

•  53 separate projects representing 1,800 MW of new electricity generation

•  Target for call is 2,500 GWh per year and firm energy tendered totals approx. 6,500 GWh per year

•  Scale ranges from large, firm energy projects to smaller projects with no firm delivery commitment

•  Project types are biomass, hydro, coal, waste heat, and wind

03/10/11

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BC Hydro’s 2006 Integrated Electricity Plan

• 20 year electricity plan to meet future supply gap

• Plan addresses:

> What will we need?

> What options are there to meet the need?

> When will we need it by?

• Plan has been filed with 10-year Action Plan called the Long Term Acquisition Plan (LTAP) to the BC Utilities Commission for public review


03/10/11

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BC Hydro Overall Supply Mix

Acquisition Results Online Now

13% (7,100 GWh)

87% (47,000 GWh)

Acquisition Results Currently Contracted

19% (9,000 GWh)

81% (47,000 GWh)

IPP BC Hydro


BC Hydro IPP Supply Mix

Contracted IPP Energy by Size

12%

74%

14%

0-1MW 1-50 MW >50 MW

1% 10%

31%

58%

Biogas Biomass/Woodwaste Gas Hydro

Contracted IPP Energy by Technology

03/10/11

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Potential Energy Contribution by Resource Type

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000

Small Hydro

Large Hydro Demand Side Management

Natural Gas - Resource Smart

Natural Gas

Coal

Wind

Geothermal

Biomass

Wave

Tidal

Solar

Average Annual Energy (GWh)

Resource Options Additional Resources Available Future Resource Options


Unit Energy Cost Range for Each Resource Type

020406080

100120140160180200

Small HydroLarge Hydro

Demand Side ManagementNatural Gas - Resource Smart

Natural GasCoal Wind

GeothermalWave Tidal

UnitEnergyCost($/MWh)

Min. Weighted Ave. Max.

Solar:Max. = $1565/MWhWeighted Ave. = $1330/MWhMin. = $697/MWh

Small H

ydro

Larg

e Hyd

ro

Deman

d Side

Mgm

t

Natura

l Gas

- Res

ource

Smar

tNatu

ral G

as

Coal

Wind

Geothe

rmal

Biomas

s

Wav

e

Tidal

Uni

t Ene

rgy

Cos

t ($/

MW

h)

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03/10/11

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Resource Options

•  Conservation Initiatives

•  Reinvesting in Heritage Assets

•  Acquiring from Independent Power Producers

>  Large and Small hydro

> Wind

> Geothermal

>  Customer Cogeneration

>  Biomass

>  Coal


Reinvesting in Heritage Assets

•  Revelstoke 5 >  500 MW of additional capacity to existing generating

facility

>  Provides new opportunities for clean and green intermittent resources such as wind and run-of river

•  Burrard Thermal

>  Staged and flexible approach to replace both capacity and energy prior to planned phase out

03/10/11

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Potential Large Scale Projects Beyond 10 year horizon, need to start dialogue on options for large scale development. Some examples that could be considered include: •  Site C

>  Decision of Provincial Government >  900 MW ≥ 8% of existing needs >  4600 GWh per year ≥ 460,000 homes >  Requires assessment of costs, environmental considerations and community

and First Nations concerns

•  Large Scale Coal Fired Facility

>  Currently can bid in Open Call process >  Abundant resource at stable, low cost >  Dependable firm power >  Operating & maintenance costs greater than large hydro >  Shorter life span than large hydro >  Environmental costs need to be considered over facility life span >  Likely to be private sector


In Closing

•  Biomass continues to provide an opportunity for electricity generation by the private sector in the province

•  Industry needs to be assess opportunities against other higher value uses and provincial strategy, ie Energy Plan update and Mountain Pine Beetle strategies

•  Opportunity identified in BC Hydro’s long term electricity plan and is valued as a viable firm resource option

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Community-Based Mill Waste Utilization May Hold New Promise for Production of Steam and Electricity

on the Western Olympic Peninsula Larry Mason - University of Washington

June 1, 2006

  Struggling Forest Industry

  Increasing Government Regulation

  Lost Jobs

  Declining Rural Economies

A Compelling but not Uncommon Story in Recent Years for the Pacific NW…

… this time, however, what starts as disaster may become opportunity.

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Forks, Washington

Olympic Peninsula

Project Background •  July 2005 - Shingle Mill Burners to be shut down

by air quality regulations.

•  March 2005 – Economic Development Council asks for help.

•  April 2005 – University Investigation:

•  Characterize cedar industry

•  Quantify the problem

•  Analyze waste test results

•  Identify utilization/disposal options

•  Describe costs

•  Determine most promising alternative

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Characterize the Industry: Once a major source of economic activity…

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with high production manufacturing capacity.

As little as 20 years ago, more than 100 shingle mills operated in western Clallam County. Today only 11 small mills remain.

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Not as big as it used to be but still an important contributor to a struggling rural forest-based economy.

11 Mills •  17 Shingle saws/ 6 Shake saws

•  100,000 + square/ year

•  13,000 + cords (~ 16 – 17 MMBF equivalent)

•  55+ direct jobs with ~130 cutters, truckers, helicopter people, pallet makers, accountants, etc.

•  500+ indirect jobs

•  Gross sales >$10 million

•  State Taxes >$2.5 mil/ Federal Taxes >$4.5 mil

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Changes in Air Quality Regulations Mean No More Waste Burners

Composition of Cedar Mill Residuals, 1988 - 2000

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1988 1992 1996 2000 est.

% o

f Tot

al W

aste

sawdust/tow slivers/pieces bark

Today shingle blocks, not logs, are brought from the woods.

Waste is less, and not as coarse, but, without burners, disposal is problematic.

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Shingle tow, slivers, and pieces do not meet the size and consistency requirements of paper mill boiler conveyers (3” minus).

The Problem:

Mills have no local grinding capabilities. Paper mill is only available disposal. Shingle waste must travel 60 mi. Mill must pay trucking and

grinding costs.

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Tub Grinder accepts delivered material for $2/GT fee.

Before After

Western red cedar Douglas-fir Western hemlock Big leaf maple Red alder

9,700 8,950 8,370 8,400 8,860

Heating values for the wood of some NW species in BTU/ovendry lb. (Ince 1979).

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Cedar Waste Test Results Load # Date Days Cords Net Wt Tons/cord Tons/day

1 4/12/05 7 12 35,420 1.48 2.53 2 4/23/05 5.5 9.5 27,740 1.46 2.52 3 5/04/05 7.5 12.75 32,480 1.27 2.17 4 5/16/05 7.5 12.75 34,780 1.36 2.32 Average Four Loads 6.9 11.8 32,605 1.39 2.38

Load # Date Truck $/ton Hog $/ton

Waste $/ton Waste $/cord %Waste $/Gross Sales

1 4/12/05 ($11.29) ($2.00) ($13) ($20) (2.48%) 2 4/23/05 ($14.42) ($2.00) ($16) ($24) (3.04%) 3 5/04/05 ($12.32) ($2.00) ($14) ($18) (2.31%) 4 5/16/05 ($11.50) ($2.00) ($14) ($18) (2.33%) Average Four Loads ($12.27) ($2.00) ($14) ($20) (2.54%)

Waste cost is $14/ton or > 2% of Gross Sales!

If mills put in their own hogs:

•  Delivered hog fuel = $11/GT ~= trucking cost

But mills will need:

•  Hog, conveyors, conversion = $30-50,000

•  Truck, 2 vans = $30-50,000

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Comparisons of debt burden (monthly payment) for 5 year notes

Interest rate Principle Monthly Payment

6.5% $50,000 $978.31

6.5% $100,000 $1956.62

10% $50,000 $1062.36

10% $100,000 $2124.71

The least payment is $1000/month.

Could be over $2000/month.

A large expense for small businesses.

Other options:

•  Centrally located hog. Possible but is there enough to support it? ~20,000GT/year. @$11/GT = gross $220,000.

•  Centrally located burner. Same question. Burners start at $100,000. And who would do it? A coop!?

•  Burner upgrades to compliance. Not likely.

•  Pellet manufacture. Insufficient volume of material.

•  Mulch and animal bedding. No wholesale market.

•  Cedar oil. Chips would better.

•  Chips. Not effectively recoverable.

All Options Require Hogging Capabilities All Options are Expensive

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Existing Choices are not encouraging…

A Broader View is Needed!

Review what we know?

>$10million industry.

>$7million taxes.

>50 jobs.

>20,000 GT/year of cedar waste.

@$11/GT = $220,000. But actually worth more!

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Renewable Energy is a local-to-global priority.

Life Cycle Analysis shows that wood is better!

Source: Rickter 1998

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Fuel Oil Natural Gas Coal Wood

$/Million Btu $2.25/MM Btu $5.60/MM Btu $1.27/MM Btu $1.20-2.70/MM Btu

And Cheaper?!

Source: Bergman & Zerbe. 2004

$10-$23/GT

99% of Washington carbon dioxide is from fossil fuel

Source: McNeil Technologies, Inc. 2003.

wholesale price

retail price

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Source: Wood-Chip Heating Systems

$2.46/gallon - 01/06

$1.55/ccf – 01/06

Wood cost assumption $25-30/green ton

Darby School, Montana The system consists of a burner, a boiler, a feed system, a fuel storage facility and a distribution system. The total cost for the system, including replacing and upgrading some portions of the existing distribution system, is approximately $870,000 for a 118,000 square foot building complex. $7.37/sq ft – 1000 GT/year - >$50,000 in fuel oil savings the first year

Fuels for Schools

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3 MW ~150 green tons/day (6-7 chip vans).

$4,000,000 Capital Cost

Biomass-to-energy A National energy priority

Less greenhouse gases

Eliminate line loss

Reduce landfill pressures

Reduce reliance on foreign oil

Retain and create jobs

More…

There are two large sawmills (~8 vans/day) plus several small mills.

Other sources of wood biomass are available also.

…And! More Local Fuel is Available!

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Tens of thousands of acres of second growth need thinning.

Transportation isolation makes hog fuel uniquely available. Feed stock for distributed rural renewable energy should be considered as a resource not as a waste problem. Elimination of line loss saves on energy and infrastructure costs. Small forest products industries should be viewed as important contributors of affordable and needed biomass.

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Biomass‐to‐EnergySolutions

EnergyIndependenceforFutureGenerations

A Feasibility Study has been completed with Four Options Considered

1.  Biomass Boiler In-town Solution

2.  1.0 MW In-town CHP Solution

3.  1.2 MW Industrial Park CHP / Mill Solution

4.  3.2 MW Industrial Park CHP / Mill Solution

Two Options are being pursued: A city-owned heating system and a privately-owned Combined Heat and Power (CHP) facility.

Biomass‐to‐EnergySolutions

EnergyIndependenceforFutureGenerations

Biomass Boilers:

•  Provide value for hog fuel

•  Low-cost heat for public buildings

•  Energy savings > $100,000/year

•  1 job

3.2 MW Industrial Park CHP / Mill Solution:

•  Provide value for hog fuel

•  Sell steam and electricity to sawmill

•  5 jobs

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Meanwhile the mills try to hang on:

1 mill closed

10 mills struggling

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Simulation of Biomass Pelleting Operation Sudhagar Mani, Ph.D.

Bioenergy Conference & Exhibition 2006 Prince George

May 31, 2006

Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of British Columbia

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Presentation Outline

  Introduction

  Biomass pelleting operation   Simulation model development

  Model results

  Conclusions

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Pelletization Process

  Biomass pelletization is a process of reducing the bulk volume of the material by mechanical means for easy handling, transportation and storage.

• Product - pellets

Pelleting Process

60 – 150 kg/m3 (4-10 lb/ft3) ~650 kg/m3 (40 lb/ft3)

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Why to Pelletize Biomass?

  Biomass - renewable fuel   High moisture content

•  80–50% (wb) moisture content

  Non -uniform in particle size   Low bulk density

•  60 kg/m3 for loose straws •  150 kg/m3 for sawdust

  Low energy density per unit volume   High transportation and storage cost   Difficult to feed to the gasifier/combustor

3

5

Advantages of Pelletization

6 mm

10 -12 mm Uniform in size, density and moisture content

Moisture content: 6 to 8% (wb)

Easy to transport, convey and feed using the existing systems

High heating value: 18.5 GJ/t

Export commodity - >70% pellets produced are exported to Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, USA

Domestic heating, animal bedding, power generation

Samson et al., 2005 – Critical Review in Plant Science

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Biomass Pelleting Operation

Biomass residues collection

Transport to pelleting plant

On-site residue storage

Residue screening Drying Grinding Pelleting

Cooling Screening Storage Transport

4

7

Objectives

  To develop a systematic simulation model for a biomass pelleting process to calculate pellet production cost, energy use and machinery requirement

  To conduct sensitivity analysis on raw material cost, plant size and process modifications

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Model Assumptions

For a base case

  Biomass unit size – 25 tonne

  Feedstock – Sawdust at 45% mc

  Feedstock transport distance – 5 km

  Pellet plant size – 6 t/h

  Operating hours – 7500 h/y

  Dryer fuel – dry biomass/shavings

5

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I/O of Biomass Pelleting Simulation Model

Biomass Pelleting Simulation Model

Feedstock Condition, Equipment Performance (power, capacity, Efficiency etc.), Unit cost

Cost of pelleting Energy use Labor & equipment use

Model Input Model Output

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Model Analysis

Millres idue

TruckT ransport

Drying

G rinding&P elleting

Totalenergyconsumption

B iomass P ellets

C ooling&S creening

Dieselfuel

B iomass fuel

E lectricity

E lectricity

Energy Analysis

Economic Analysis

Biomass Pelleting Operation

Capital cost (US$)

Operating cost (US$)

6

11

EXTEND simulation model interfaced with spreadsheet

3V 1 2 L W

F

TCR

Receive

R C T

Send1 2 3

Rand

Set A(5)

LoaderTruckBulk

NL

NT

#F

nExit

#

TCR

Receive

TCR

Receive

PelletingProcess

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Energy Consumption of Pelleting Process

Operations MJ/t of pellets % change

Feedstock Transport 57.53 1.44 Drying 2825.54 70.96 Size reduction 311.14 7.81 Pelleting 455.70 11.44 Cooling 74.97 1.88 Screening 80.85 2.03 Miscellaneous 176.28 4.43 Total 3982.01 100.00

7

13

Pellet Production Cost

4.73

10.30

0.953.310.34

0.16

12.74

0.262.77

4.73

0.953.31

0.340.16

12.74

0.262.77

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Pelle

t Pro

ducti

on co

st (U

S $/t

)

with drying without drying

MiscellaneousequipmentLand use & building

Personnel cost

Screening

Pellet cooler

Pellet mill

Hammer mill

Drying operation

Transport cost

$35.57

$25.26

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Pelleting Cost Distribution Transport

cost13%

Drying operation

29%

Personnel cost37%

Land use & building

1%

Pellet cooler

1%

Packing5%

Pellet mill9%

Hammer mill3%

Screening0%

Pellet Storage

0%

Miscellaneous

equipment2%

8

15

Pelleting Cost vs Plant Size

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

0 4 8 12 16Plant capacity (t/h)

Pelle

t pro

duct

ion

cost

(US$

/t)Total costCapital costOperating cost

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Pellet Production Cost vs Feedstock Cost

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Raw material cost (US$)

Pel

let p

rodu

ctio

n co

st

(US

$/t )

With drying process

Without drying process

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17

Case Study- MPB wood into Pellets

MPB infested wood

Felling & Skidding

Whole tree chipping

Transport to Pellet plant

Grinding & Pelleting

Cooling & Screening

MPB pellets

Wood chips

15% mc

10 km

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MPB Wood Pellets

Operations Production cost*, US$/t of pellet

Felling 4.88 Skidding 4.46 Whole tree chipping 3.94 Chip transport (10km round trip) 11.91 Storage (piling) 7.16 Pelleting without drying 20.50 Total 52.85

*based on a pellet plant capacity of 6 t/h

$32.35

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Conclusions   A simulation model for biomass pelleting process was

developed using extend simulation platform interfaced with a spreadsheet.

  Total energy required to produce a tonne of wood pellet is

about 4 GJ, which is about 22% of the wood pellet energy.

  Cost of producing wood pellet from mill residues at 45% moisture content alone was about $36/t of pellets with an annual production rate of 45,000 t/y.

  MPB infested wood into pellets costs about $53/t of pellets

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Current Projects at UBC

  GIS based simulation and modeling of agricultural and forest biomass supply logistic systems

  Pelletization characteristics of MPB infested wood

  Combustion characteristics of wood pellets for Green house applications

  Life cycle analysis of bioenergy systems

  Investigations on handling and storage of wood pellets

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Contact Information

Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group Department of Chemical & Biological

Engineering University of British Columbia 2360 East mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Ph: 604 827-3413 Contact: Drs. Shahab Sokhansanj/Xiaotao Bi

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Thank you

Biomass Pelleting Process

Date post:	30-Apr-2020
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