Date post: | 19-May-2015 |
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الرحمن الله الرحمن بسم الله بسمالرحيمالرحيم
Energy from WasteEnergy from Waste
By Eng. :By Eng. :ALI F.ALIALI F.ALI
It is generating energy from wasteIt is generating energy from waste
What is “waste-to-energy?” What is “waste-to-energy?”
Energy from Waste can make an important contribution towards sustainable development as a source of renewable energy:
•Municipal Solid Wastes contain biomass and can be used as a fuel
•use waste to generate electricity, heat or both
•The heat recovered from waste incineration can be used to generate electricity, or for industrial heat applications
Economy
Environment
If so,why we do not use Renewable energ on very large scale?
Actual Economy/Environment Choices
Less Cost / widget More
Les
s
Pol
luti
on/w
idge
t M
ore
Cost Up
Pollution Up
No Interest
Cost down
Pollution up
Disrupts environment
Cost up
Pollution down
Disrupts Economy
Cost Down
Pollution Down
Win-Win
JUST BURN IT
!
•can burn garbage in special plants and use its heat energy to make steam to heat buildings or to generate electricity. •This may sound amazing, but it is really nothing new. More than half of electric power companies already burn another type of solid material to make electricity. That material is coal
•Coal is a mineral that was formed from the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. •Power companies use the heat energy in coal to make electricity.
GARBAGE energy
WHY BURN GARBAGE?
•Waste-to-energy plants generate enough electricity to supply 2.4 million households
•providing electricity is not the major advantage of waste-to-energy plants.
• In fact, it costs more to generate electricity at a waste-to-nergy plant than it does at a coal, nuclear, or hydropower plant
•The major advantage of burning waste is that it reduces the amount of garbage we bury in landfills.
•Burning waste substantially reduces the amount of trash going to landfills. Waste-to-energy plants dispose of the waste of 40 million people.
•reducing the use of fossil fuels by producing renewable energy for the National Grid
Why is reducing the amount of waste buried in landfills ?
•Burning garbage releases the chemicals and substances found in the waste
•Some chemicals can be dangerous to people, the environment
•cutting emissions of greenhouse gasses
•waste-to-energy plants produce air pollution
TheThe ProblemProblem
•Pollution of land, water and air•emission of dioxin•Non-availability of land for landfills•Increasing cost of transportation
•Bulky•Disagreeable (visual, mell,…)•Health risks (epidemic)
WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS
work very much like coal-fired power plants. The difference is the fuel. Waste-to-energy plants use garbage—not coal—to fire an industrial boiler. The same steps are used to make electricity in a waste-to-energy plant as in a coal-fired power plant:
1. The fuel is burned, releasing heat.2. The heat turns water into steam.3. The high-pressure steam turns the blades of a turbine generator to produce electricity.4. A utility company sends the electricity along power lines to homes, schools, and businesses.
can think of garbage as a mixture of energy-rich fuels In 100 pounds of typical garbage, more than 80 pounds
can be burned as fuel to generate electricity at a power plant. Those fuels include paper, plastics, and yard waste A ton of garbage generates about 525 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity
energy to heat a typical office building for one day.
TRASH BURNED IN WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS
ENERGY FROM WASTE
Potential of power generation
Urban and Municipal Wastes : 1000 MW
Industrial Wastes : 700 MW(Dairy, Distillery, Press Mud, Tannery, Pulp & Paper and Food Processing Industries)
TOTAL : 1700 MW
Number of Plants and Capacity
Number of plants
0
20
40
60
80
100
120A
ustr
ia *
Bel
gium
*
Den
mar
k
Fra
nce
Ger
man
y
Gre
at B
ritai
n*
Hun
gary
Ital
y*
Net
herla
nd
Nor
way
*
Por
tuga
l
Spa
in
Sw
eden
Sw
itzer
land
Energy production
Energy production 1999
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
40 000
45 000A
ustr
ia *
Belg
ium
*
Denm
ark
Fra
nce
Germ
any
Gre
at B
rita
in*
Hungary
Italy
*
Neth
erland
Norw
ay*
Port
ugal
Spain
Sw
eden
Sw
itzerland
TJ
Heat Electricity
FUEL
FUELWASTE
ELECTRICITY 33%
67%
ELECTRICITY
STEAM
WASTE
30%
45%25%
What is Combined Heat and Power?
Combined Heat and Power
End User Site
Fuel
100 units
Pollution
Waste Heat
Recovery
CHP Plant
=66 units Useful Work 33 units
Electricity
33 units Thermal Energy
33 units Waste Energy
End User Site
Finished Goods
Waste Energy
Industrial Energy Options
Energy Recycling
Plant
ElectricitySteam
Hot Water
SavedEnergy Input
Electricity
Process Fuel
The Eco Cycle Society
Waste amount treated
Waste quantity 1999
0
2 000 000
4 000 000
6 000 000
8 000 000
10 000 000
12 000 000
14 000 000
Aus
tria
*
Bel
gium
*
Den
mar
k
Fra
nce
Ger
man
y
Gre
at B
ritai
n*
Hun
gary
Italy
*
Net
herla
nd
Nor
way
*
Por
tuga
l
Spa
in
Sw
eden
Sw
itzer
land
ton
nes
Amounts of Waste Incinerated
Waste quantity per capita 1999
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Aus
tria
*
Bel
gium
*
Den
mar
k
Fra
nce
Ger
man
y
Gre
at B
ritai
n*
Hun
gary
Italy
*
Net
herla
nd
Nor
way
*
Por
tuga
l
Spa
in
Sw
eden
Sw
itzer
land
kg/c
apit
a
emissions from waste
cumulative dioxin emissions from WTE plants in 2000 each point represents the emissions of a single plant, in grams
The distribution of dioxin sources in the US in recent years, showing how waste-to-energy ceased to be
a major contributor of dioxin emissions
Health effects associated with dioxin exposure
Chloracne and other skin disorders; Disrupts liver and kidney function; Alters hormone levels: thyroid, testosterone and
estrogen; Reproductive effects: altered sex ratio, reduced
fertility; Birth defects: hypospadias; Endometriosis
Mercury emissions from WTE (1989-1999) and coal-fired
power plants
Dioxin to air from W-t-E
What is hazardous waste ?
Main hazardous properties available for treated wood waste
•H6 : very toxic, or containing very toxic substances at a total C 0,1%, or toxic, or containing toxic substances at a total C 3%•H5 : harmful, or containing harmful substances at a total C 25%•H14: ecotoxic (not yet specificed)
Any Question!!!!
Thank you for listening!