WW II Review

CAUSES of WW II Political instability and economic devastation in Europe resulting from World War I

World-wide depression

High war debt owed by Germany

High inflation

Massive unemployment31.7 % in Germany during the Great Depression and before

Political instability and economic devastation in Europe resulting from World War I

Devastate means to damage something. Damage it A LOT. That is what happened after WW I in Europe, and I am NOT talking about buildings, land, or even people.

I am talking about the Economy : Economic Devastation

1) Your money will NOT buy as much gum as it did before. You used to be able to get a whole pack of gum for $1.50. Now it costs $8.00. The month before it was only $3.00. What will it cots next month??? $24??? You are DEVASTATED. No more gum

2) Ability to earn money;

3) You NOW owe A LOT of money, and cannot pay it back. That is NOT good. When they take what little money you do have, you have no $ for food, clothing, and a place to live. You are DEVASTATED. Damaged a lot.

4) YOU do not have a job. No matter how hard you try you cannot get one. You cannot afford the basics of what you need. You are DEVASTATED.

World-wide depression

Everyone was hurting. Often, when people hurt, they get angry. They look for someone to blame for their problems.

High war debt owed by Germany

German reparations of £6,600 million ($10,111,192,477) This is equal to dollars

today of $1,782,255,617,429.94.

Hyperinflation

Something costing $5 in February of 1920 would have cost $ 4 TRILLION, 270 BILLION by November 1923

$4,270,000,000,000Pain, suffering, starvation, ANGER!!!!!!!

Massive unemployment31.7 % in Germany during the Great Depression and before

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Fascism Fascism and and

Totalitarian Fascist LeadersTotalitarian Fascist Leaders:Adolph HitlerHideki Tojo

Benito Mussolini

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Fascism is a political philosophy in which total power is given to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied.

AlliedAllied Leaders WW II

They were the leaders of the group of nations called “The Allies”

The Allies were the ones fighting the Axis Powers. While there were other members of the Allies, like Canada, Mexico, the main ones were The United States, Great Britain, and The Soviet Union.

They joined together because they had a common enemy: Germany. Germany had attacked Great Britain and The Soviet Union BEFORE the U.S. was even in the war.

Then when Japan attacked The U.S, and Great Britain in December of 1941, Germany declared war on the U.S., in support of their friend Japan.

Eventually it was The U.S., G.B., and the Soviet Union and their allies on one side, and Germany, Japan, and a few other countries on the other side.

United States – Harry Truman

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InTPC6oylK8

U.S. Involvement in WWII The Steps:

1.Isolationism (Great Depression, legacy of World War I)

2.Economic aid to Allies: The United States gave Britain war supplies and old naval warships in return for military bases in Bermuda and the Caribbean (Lend Lease).

3.Direct involvement in the war (After Pearl)

Turning Points

•Germany invades Poland, setting off war in Europe.

•The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic nations.

•Germany invaded France and captured Paris.

•Germany bombed London, and the Battle of Britain began.

Poland InvasionPoland InvasionSeptember 1st, 1939

…our war aim does not consist in reaching certain lines, but in the physical destruction of the enemyphysical destruction of the enemy …I have placed my deathhead formations in readiness…with

orders to send to death mercilessly and without orders to send to death mercilessly and without compassion men, women, and children of Polish compassion men, women, and children of Polish

derivation and languagederivation and language. Adolph Hitler – 1939

Germany invaded Germany invaded France and captured France and captured

ParisParis

Then it happened fast. The Germans went into The Netherlands (Holland) and Belgium in May of 1940.

Battle of Battle of BritainBritain

July 10th – October 31st, 1940

The Great British leader, Winston Churchill, gave a speech where he said:

In the end the British did not give up, and the Germans stopped their

attacks by air on October 31st, 1940, and never attacked by land.

The British WON the Battle of Britain

We explained earlier how:Japan had attacked many of her neighbors in East Asia: Manchuria, Korea, China, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaya. This created a situation of

RISING tensions

The Japanese were very brutal (super mean) to the people they conquered.

U.S. started standing up to Japan. No more scrap metal delivered ( Japan used this to melt down to make

weapons,).

No More spare parts for airplanes.

Shipments of oil would be stopped.

Without all of these resources Japan’s expansion would grind to a stop.

Japan needed to keep expanding their territory to get the raw materials they DID NOT HAVE on their home islands ( Japan is a totally Island nation).

The Attack: December 7th, 1941

We declare war on Germany (December 11th, 1941) because they decalred war on us.

Battle of Midway

June 4th-7th, 1942

When the fighting was finally over on June 6th, 1942 we had sunk 4 of the most important Japanese aircraft carriers.

Major Events - Turning Points - Part 4:

•Germany Invades the Soviet Union – June 22nd, 1941•Soviet Union defeats Germany at Stalingrad - July 17th ,

1942 – February 2nd, 1943

Germany Invades the Soviet Union ( Operation Barbarossa)

June 22nd, 1941

The words of a bully. Relying on his ability to scare others into NOT acting.

•4.5 million troops of the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Romania).

•They invaded the Soviet Union (USSR) along a 21,800 mi front (line of battle).

• 600,000 motor vehicles (Tanks, tractors, trucks, etc.)

•750,000 horses.

Make Hotspot Callout: German film of Barbarosa starthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLVZDRBpa0Y&feature=player_embedded#!

Largest attack EVER!!!!!!!

At the end of this first push into The Soviet Union (it came to an end in December 1941), the Soviet Army had pushed back the strongest attack of the German Army.

Hitler had not won the victory he had expected, but the situation of the Soviet Union remained very weak and uncertain. The Germans did not reach their goals, but they also had not been pushed all the way out of The Soviet Union.

Result : German attack STOPPED. NOT defeated, but the advance stopped

Soviet Union defeats Germany at Stalingrad - July 17th , 1942 – February

2nd, 1943

In Stalingrad

Adolph Hitler refused to allow the German army to retreat, or to try to break out of the Soviet army circle that was around them. They were doomed when it proved impossible to get supplies to them by airplane.

Soviet Victory!!!What It Meant:For Germany:Men:750,000 men killed, missing or wounded91,000 captured

Equipment:

3,500 tanks destroyed 12,000 large cannons destroyed

3,000 aircraft destroyed

It would take their factories 6 months to replace this, and they no longer had time…. The U.S. had joined the fighting in Europe/Africa.

For The Soviet Union:Men:Yes, they had lost over 1 million killed, but it did not matter. They were a large country, and had a lot of men that could be sent into battle.Equipment:It did not matter here either. They were getting weapons from us, and their factories were making massive numbers of all kinds of weapons.

D-Day: June 6th, 1944Operation Overlord

By the end of August, 1944 ( 3 months time from the landing) we had moved them back over 200 miles. What was started on that day would eventually push the Germans all the way back into Germany and defeat.

The End Of WW II In Europe – May 8th, 1945

We would keep pushing the Germans, and would not stop until they surrendered to the Allies ( U.S., Great Britain, Canada, France, and The Soviet Union). The last group of Germans surrendered on May 8th, 1945. This was called VE-Day. That means Victory VE-Day. That means Victory in Europe Dayin Europe Day.

Before this happened, the two largest Fascist Dictator in Europe were dead:

On 27 April 1945, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was captured by a group of Italians who did not support him. He was trying to get to Switzerland and safety. On 28 April, 1945 they executed him.

On 30 April, as the Germans fought the Soviet soldiers in Berlin Hitler saw that all was lost. He did not want to die like Mussolini so he committed suicide in his underground safety bunker along with Eva Braun, whom he had married just hours before their joint suicide.

Dropping Of Atomic Bomb: August 6th and 9th, 1945

Hiroshima and then Nagasaki

Japan Surrenders

Japan surrendered on August 15th, 1945 when Emperor Hirohito made a radio broadcast. It was called VJ Day, which meant Victory over Japan.The war was over.

Hideki Tojo, the former military leader of Japan, tried to kill himself, but was captured, tried as a war criminal, and then executed on December 23rd, 1948.

The Holocaust

Why? Did Holocaust Happen: ( Anti-Semitism and Aryan Supremacy)

Why did the Nazis make  

Anti-Semitism (which means hatred of Jews)  such an important of what they believed and practiced???

WHY did they think like this AND then ACT on it????

Racial ideas of superiority were another reason The Holocaust happened.

Aryan Supremacy (being way better). The Germans considered themselves of the Aryan race. An Aryan was the name given to white skinned people, particularly those who come from Northern Europe.

Anti-Jewish Boycott – April 1st, 1933On April 1, 1933, the Nazis carried out the first nationwide (all over the German nation) , planned action against Jews: a boycott targeting Jewish businesses and professionals. A boycott is when you say you will not go to a certain business.

The Nazis said the boycott was revenge against Jews because Jews in Germany, as well as Jews in other countries, were spreading stories around the World to damage Nazi Germany's reputation. They said the stories about bad things happening in Germany against Jews were not true (The Germans really WERE doing bad things to Jews.) Stormtroopers outside a Berlin store posting

signs with the words "Germans! Defend yourselves! Do not buy from Jews"

In September 1935, the Nazi leaders announced new laws which turned many of their ideas about race into law. These "Nuremberg Laws" took citizenship away from German Jews. Jews were now also not allowed to marry or have close relations with persons of "German or German-related blood." Jews were disenfranchised (lost the right to vote) and could not hold public office.

The first amendment to the Nuremberg Laws defined anyone who had three or four Jewish grandparents as a Jew. It was not due to a religion you practiced, but due to who were your parents and grad-parents.

Threats:Nuremberg Laws – September, 1935

Segregation Of Jews Into Ghettoes – October, 1939 – Spring, 1944

If this was taken INSIDE a ghetto, how would you describe what it is like???

The Camps

Liberation

Thee men survived to make it to the end of the war

Homefront

Topics To Take In:

WW II ended GD

Women in factories

Conserve

Ration

Racial Barriers temporarily broken

Internment Camps in U.S. for Japanese Americans