| Date post: | 19-May-2015 |
| Category: |
Documents |
| Upload: | carolyn-thompson |
| View: | 155 times |
| Download: | 0 times |
World War I.notebook
1
February 05, 2013
Unit 7: World War I
Essenal Quesons
• Why did the U.S. desire for neutrality give way to war in 1917? • How did the fate of the Treaty of Versailles in the Senate reflect divisions in the U.S. over the future of U.S.
foreign policy?
World War I.notebook
2
February 05, 2013
1898 Spanish American War
1914 ‐ 1918: World War I
1917 ‐ 1918: US involvement in WWI
1939 ‐ 1945: World War II
1941 ‐ 1945:US involvement in WWII
1945 ‐ 1989: The Cold War
1950 ‐ 1953: Korean War
1960 ‐ 1973: Vietnam War
1992: The First Gulf War
20th Century US Wars
What the causes of US invovlment in each war?
What was the effect of each war on the U.S. role in the world?
World War I.notebook
3
February 05, 2013
Long Term Causes of World War I
Militariasm:
Alliances
Imperialism :
Naonalism:
World War I.notebook
4
February 05, 2013
Immediate Causes of World War I"The Spark"
June 18 ,1914, Sarajevo: Serbian terrorists assassinate Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sopie
July 23, 1914, Vienna: Austrian government issues ulmatum to Serbia, then invades 4 days later
August 1, 1914, Berlin: Austria's ally, Germany, declares war on Russia, an ally of Serbia
August 3, 1914, Berlin: Germany declares war on France, an ally of Russia and invades Belgium on the way to Paris
August 4, 1914, London: Britain, an ally of France, declares war against Germany.
World War I.notebook
5
February 05, 2013
Wilson's Neutrality Policy (1914)
What was the nature of this policy?
World War I.notebook
6
February 05, 2013
World War I.notebook
7
February 05, 2013
World War I.notebook
8
February 05, 2013
How did each of the following events/developments undermine Wilson's neutrality policy?
Brish blockade of ships headed to Germany and the central powers:
German policy of unrestricted submarine warfare and the sinking of the Lusitania in Feb. 1915 and Sussex in March, 1916:
World War I.notebook
9
February 05, 2013
How did each of the following events/developments undermine Wilson's neutrality policy?
32 million Americans were foreign born/childern of foreign born parents:
World War I.notebook
10
February 05, 2013
How did each of the following events/developments undermine Wilson's neutrality policy?
American loans to the Allies (far greater than American loans to the Central Powers):
Morgan Company of New York has asked whether there would be any objecon to their making a loan to the French Government. . . [I would queson] whether it would be advisable for this Government to . . approve. . any loan to a belligerent naon. . . Money is the worst of all contraband because it commands everything else. . The powerful financial interests which would be connected with these loans would be tempted to use their influence through the newspaper to support the interests of the Government to which they had loaned because the value of the [loan] would be directly affected by the result of the war. .
Secretary of State Wiiliam Jennings Bryan, August 10, 1914
World War I.notebook
11
February 05, 2013
The Zimmerman Telegram (January 22, 1917):
How did each of the following events/developments undermine Wilson's neutrality policy?
World War I.notebook
12
February 05, 2013
How did each of the following events/developments undermine Wilson's neutrality policy?
Allied propaganda
"Babes on Bayonets," Life Magazine 1915
The German officer…knocked at the door…The officer ordered the soldiers to break down the door, which
two of them did. The peasant came and asked what they were doing. His hands were ed behind his back,
and he was shot at once without a moment’s delay. The wife came out with a lile sucking child. One of the
Germans took a rifle and struck her a tremendous blow with the bu on the head. Another took his bayonet
and fixed it and thrust it through the child. He then put his rifle on his shoulder with the child up on it, its lile
arms stretched out once or twice. The officers ordered the house to be set on fire…The man and his wife
and the child were thrown on the top.
Viscount James Bryce, head of the Commiee on Alleged German Atrocies , 1915.
World War I.notebook
13
February 05, 2013
President's War Message to Congress, April 2, 1917
"Neutrality is no longer feasible. . where the peace of the world is involved. . the world must be made safe for democracy. It's peace must be planted upon the tested foundaons of polical liberty. . the right is more precious than peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest to our hearts: for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own government."
World War I.notebook
14
February 05, 2013
April 4, 1917: Congress declares war with Germany
Senate: 82 ‐ 6
House: 373 ‐ 50
"To whom does war bring prosperity? Not for the soldier who for the . . .compensaon of $16 per month shoulders his musket and goes into the trench, there to shed his blood and die if necessary; not to the broken hearted widow who waits for the return of the mangaled body of her husband. . war brings no prosperity to the great masses of common and patrioc cizens. It increases the cost of living of those who toil and those who must strain every effort to keep body and soul together. War brings prosperty to the stock gambler on Wall Street‐‐to those who are already in possession of more wealth than can be realized or enjoyed. . Their object in having war and in preparing for war is to make money. The enormous profits of munion manufactures, stockbrockers, and bond dealers must sll be further increased by our entrance into the war."
Senator George Norris, April 4, 1917
World War I.notebook
15
February 05, 2013
Turning Points in Ending World War I
March, 1917 April, 1917 June, 1917 November, 1917 November, 1918
German U‐Boat warfare intensifies
U.S. declares war on Germany
American forces arrive in Europe
Bolshevik Revoluon in Russia
Armisce ends war
World War I.notebook
16
February 05, 2013
The Peace ConferneceThe Palace of Versailles, January 1919
Prime Minister David Lloyd George
Italian Premier Viorio Orlando
French Premier Georges Clemenceau
President Woodrow Wilson
What are their goals and concerns? Who is missing from this photo?
World War I.notebook
17
February 05, 2013
Wilson's 14 Points
The Points Support World Peace
Point 1: No Secret Agreements Secret alliances had been a cause of WWI
Point 2: Freedom of Seas U‐boats had drawn the US into war
Point 3: Free Trade Promote econoimc growth and reduce trade conflicts
Point 4: Reduce armaments, weapons of war Militarism was a cause of WWI
Point 5: Self‐determinaon Imperialism was a cause of WWI
Points 6 ‐ 13: Territorial adjustments Restore land, redraw borders based on naonality; naonalism was a cause of WWI
Point 14: League of Naons & collecve security Resolve conflict before war
World War I.notebook
18
February 05, 2013
Was the Treaty of Versailles determined more by realism or idealism?
Idealism Realism
World War I.notebook
19
February 05, 2013
The Senate Debate Over Raficaon of the Treaty of Versailles
Internaonalists
President Wilson 27 Senate Democrats
2/3rd of Senate necessary to rafy a treaty.
Mild Reservaonists
20 Senate Republicans 20 Senate Democrats
Strong Reservaonists
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge7 Senate Republicans
Irreconcilables
Senator Borah 14 Senate Republicans 1 Senate Democrat
1918 Midterm Elecons: Republicans win majority in the Senate.
World War I.notebook
20
February 05, 2013
Covenant of the League of NaonsArcle X
"The Members of the League undertake to respect and preserve as against external
aggression the territorial integrity and exisng polical independence of all Members of the League. In case of any such aggression or in
case of any threat or danger of such aggression the Council shall advise upon the
means by which this obligaon shall be fulfilled. "
World War I.notebook
21
February 05, 2013
The Senate Vote November 19, 1919
Treaty + Lodge Amendments
Senate Democrats + Irreconcilables = 55 Nay Votes
Lodge Reservaonists = 39 Yea Votes
The Senate Vote March 19, 1920
Treaty ‐ Lodge Amendments = Sll Failed!
World War I.notebook
22
February 05, 2013
Lodge, Borah and Know were Senate Republicans.
World War I.notebook
23
February 05, 2013
Would you have voted for or against the League?Why?
Yea Vote Nay Vote
World War I.notebook
24
February 05, 2013
