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American History: Chapter 7 Review

VideoThe Jeffersonian Era

The Rise of Cultural NationalismRepublicans favored education

Educate future voters (electorate)Not all states had public education -> private

institutionsWomen and education:

***Republican Motherhood***: Women should raise children to be good citizens

Slave owners did not want slaves to be educatedFear that knowledge could encourage rebellion

The Rise of Cultural Cont.University of Pennsylvania:

1st medical schoolMedical treatment was very primitive

“Bleeding”Midwives:

Common occupation for womenDecreased due to physicians performing deliveries

Noah Webster:American Spelling Book (1783) Helped standardize English language

The Rise of Cultural Cont.Key Religious Beliefs:Deism:

God existed, but created universe and stepped back

Unitarianism:Did not believe in pre-destinationAnyone could attain salvationRejected the idea of the Trinity

Jesus was a person, not the son of God

Go Reds!

The Rise of Cultural Cont.Religion in the late 18th century:

10% of white Americans were member of a formal churchAnother attempt to bring them back?

YES! 2nd Great Awakening

Cane Ridge, KY (1801):1st Camp Meeting – 25,000 people

“Burned Over District”Western NY

Message of 2nd Great Awakening:Individuals must reconnect with God

Effects of 2nd Great Awakening:Like the 1st, increase of different sects and denominationsIncrease involvement of women***Helps inspire reform movements of the 1830s and

1840s***

Stirrings of IndustrialismSamuel Slater:

“Father of the factory system”Eli Whitney:

Cotton Gin: Drastically reduced time needed to separate cotton from

seeds Led to a huge explosion of slavery Helped connect the agricultural South with textile north

Interchangeable Parts: Produced identical parts for weapons Applied to other industries “Cookie Cutter”

Robert Fulton:Clermont – sailed UP the Hudson River, helped

promote steamboat transportation

Stirrings of IndustrialismTurnpikes:

Lancaster Turnpike: 60 miles from Philadelphia to Lancaster Toll road – made $ for corporations Spurred the growth of other turnpikes

State governments financed turnpikes into less populated areas

Jefferson The President“We are all republicans, we are all

federalists”“Revolution of 1800?”

Not really, many Federalists policies remained intact – not the excise tax

Patronage:Providing government jobs to party members

and supportersJefferson widely used patronage in his second

termReducing the Federal Government:

Cut back on the military – fear of large standing armies Problems with the Barbary States

Jefferson The PresidentMarbury v. Madison

Jefferson refused to allow Marbury (Midnight judge appointed by Adams) to serve

Supreme Court stated Marbury was entitled to be judge, but they could NOT enforce it

Supreme Court deemed part of the Judicial Act of 1789 unconstitutional

Significance of Marbury?Established JUDICIAL REVIEW

Supreme Court can declare federal laws unconstitutional

Judicial branch gains power

Jefferson The PresidentTwo Key Judges:

John Marshall: Chief Justice of Supreme Court – increased power of

the federal governmentSamuel Chase:

Justice on the Supreme Court Impeached (to bring charges against) because he

was a Federalist NOT removed from office

Lesson of impeachment of Chase?Impeachment would not be used regularly

Doubling the National DomainTreaty of San Ildefonso (1800):

France regained Louisiana Territory US wanted New Orleans:

Right of DepositLivingston and Monroe buy LA Purchase for $15 millionWas the purchase constitutional?

Under Jefferson’s strict interpretation, noJefferson argued his treaty-making power allowed him toThe LA Purchase caused Jefferson to switch from a strict

interpretation to a loose interpretation Ironically, the Federalists were against loose

interpretationFeared the new land would be made up of Jeffersonian

farmers, which would limit Federalist powers

Doubling the National DomainEssex Junto:

Some New England Federalists wanted to secede

Attempted to lure Aaron BurrAaron Burr

Killed Hamilton in a duel – Hamilton helped keep Burr from becoming Governor of NY

Traveled to SW US, wanted to take over land from the Spanish

Expansion and WarBerlin Decree:

France forbade European trade with GB; would capture US ships that traded

Orders in Council:All goods being traded with Europe must stop at Great

Britain firstBoth violated the US’ rights and neutrality**Impressment**

British policy of searching US ships for deserters and forcing men into the navy

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair:Dealt with ImpressmentBritish ship attacked a US ship, killing 3 and wounding 18Helps lead to the……

Expansion and War ContinuedEmbargo Act of 1807:

Forbade trade to ALL foreign countriesHuge disaster

Non-Intercourse Act (1809):Re-opened trade EXCEPT to France and EnglandStill a disaster

Macon’s Bill #2:Promised to end embargo against the country

that would respect America’s rightsFrance agrees; embargo remains against

Britain….

Expansion and War ContinuedGeneral William Henry Harrison:

Governor of Indiana TerritoryTecumseh:

Native American leaderSought to unite all Native Americans

Battle of Tippecanoe: Harrison defeats Native AmericansBritain aided and encouraged the uprisingResulted in increased American expansion

The War of 1812War Hawks:

Young Congressmen (mostly from South and West) that favored war with Great Britain

Henry clay!John C. Calhoun

Must-know battle:New Orleans – Jackson becomes a hero

Occurs after the war ends

Treaty of Ghent:Ends the War of 1812, neither side gained or

lost anything

The War of 1812 ContinuedHartford Convention:

NE Federalists had many grievances Wanted to add an amendment, increase

requirement to declare war Some urged secession

This drastically hurt the Federalists since the country was experiencing a sense of NATIONALISM!!!!

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