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EXPOSURE TO NATURALLY OCCURRING HAZARDOUS MINERALS DURING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
Clark Niewendorp
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries OD
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Organizations Sponsoring ResearchOregon Department of Transportation (ODOT)Research Unit200 Hawthorne Ave. SE, Suite B-240Salem, OR 97301-5192 Phone: (503) 986-2700
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)Washington, D.C. 20590
Principal Investigator(s)Clark NiewendorpOregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries800 NE Oregon Street #28Portland, OR 97232 Phone: (971) 673-1540
Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) MembersBart Bretherton, ODOTMichele Eraut, FHWARussell Frost, ODOTDon Lewis, DOGAMIMatthew Mabey, ODOT, ChairJeff Moore, ODOTRichard Young, ODOT
Friends of the CommitteeJennie Armstrong, ODOTDavid Brooks, ODOTKim Willoughby, WashDOT
Project CoordinatorMatthew Mabey, ODOT Research Unit
Project ChampionPaul Wirfs, ODOT ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
This work is supported by the ODOT and FHWA Contract/Grant No. 686 and an Interagency Agreement with the ODOT and DOGAMI, No. 25296
Determine where selected NOHM may intersect ODOT operations
WHAT IS THIS PROJECT ABOUT…
Develop GIS datasets that inform ODOT personnel of the hazard characteristics of the selected NOHM
Assure that ODOT maintenance and construction activities take the presence of the selected NOHM into account
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Approach -
Project Deliverables: NOHM GIS Interpretive Layer & Final Report
Catalog & Compile NOHM Database File(s)
Sampling and Detecting Procedures: Development & Implementation
Data Collection, Integration, and Processing to Tag NOHMs
Methods of Detecting NOHMs
List of NOHM Candidates
Toxicity - undesirable health effects:1) primary irritation
2) mutagenic (changes to genetic material)
3) reproductive (teratogenic)
4) tumorgenic
5) acute toxicity
6) other multiple dose toxicity
IARC (International Agency for Research on
Cancer) classification
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
ATSDR (Agency for Toxic substances and Disease Registry) ToxProfiles, 2007
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet for certain minerals
HAZ-MAP database The United States National Laboratory of Medicine’s (National Institutes for Health) list of toxicants
Scorecard The Pollution Information Site (http://www.scorecard.org)
NOHM Selection Criteria…
Class A
• Asbestiform asbestos (includes talc with asbestiform component and asbestiform amphiboles)
• Erionite• Arsenic• Mercury and its compounds• Antimony and its compounds• Chromium IV and its compounds (includes chromium III and its compounds) • Nickel and its compounds• Radionuclides (radon, radium, uranium)• Beryllium and its compounds• Cadmium• Lead and its compounds • Mineral fuels (including Bitumen)
Class B
• Cobalt and its compounds• Lithium and its compounds• Selenium and its compounds• Tin• Copper and zinc compounds
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Selected NOHM…
Field truck and assay outfit used by the mining engineers of the Oregon Bureau of Mines and Geology, ca 1922
Sampling and Detecting Procedures: Development & Implementation
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM)
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Electron Microprobe (EPMA)
Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM)
Imaging or Reflectance Spectroscopy
Raman Spectroscopy
Mossbauer Spectroscopy
Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission and Mass Spectroscopy
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
www.bahaiperspectives.com/wp-content/uploads/
Methods of Detection…
Data Collection…
Oregon Geologic Data Compilation – OGDC
Mineral Information Layer for Oregon – MILO
USGS Mineral Resources On-line Spatial Data
Geoanalytical Information Layer for Oregon – GILO
USGS Geochemical Landscape Datasets
Geothermal Information Layer for Oregon – GTILO
Soda Spring Database
Available Published & Unpublished Geologic Reports
Oregon Geologic Data Compilation – OGDC
Mineral Information Layer for Oregon – MILO
USGS Mineral Resources On-line Spatial Data
Geoanalytical Information Layer for Oregon – GILO
USGS Geochemical Landscape Datasets
Geothermal Information Layer for Oregon – GTILO
Soda Spring Database
Available Published & Unpublished Geologic Reports
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
OGDC – Statewide Geologic Compilation
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Geologic Geologic Data is Data is
taken fromtaken from
•Published Published Federal and Federal and State MapsState Maps
•Published Published and and unpublished unpublished “gray “gray literature” literature” mapsmaps
•Thesis and Thesis and dissertation dissertation mapsmaps
Geologic Geologic Data is Data is
taken fromtaken from
•Published Published Federal and Federal and State MapsState Maps
•Published Published and and unpublished unpublished “gray “gray literature” literature” mapsmaps
•Thesis and Thesis and dissertation dissertation mapsmaps
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
OGDC – Derivatives Maps
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Tertiary Porphyry and Skarn Systems
Record Mine
Baker City
GIS database that can be used to make derivative maps
MILO – Mineral Information for Oregon
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
n = 18,819
AggregateMetalsIndustrial MineralsCoalGemstones
Includes USGS Mineral Resources On-line Spatial Data
GILO – Geoanalytical Information for Oregon
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Whole-rockGeochemistry& trace elements
n = ??
USGS Geochemical Landscape Datasets
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
NUREwater
sed
PLUTOsed
Ig
soil
RASSsed
soil
USGS sed
GTILO – Geothermal Information Layer for Oregon
Soda Spring Database
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Hot Springsn = 649
Soda Springsn = 36
Compile & Catalog
Compile & Catalog
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
OGDC & MILO
Six Federally Regulated Asbestiform Asbestos Minerals
Serpentine (scrolled sheet silicate):
Chrysotile: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4
Amphiboles (double chain silicate):
Riebeckite asbestos (crocidolite): Na2(Fe2+3,Fe3+
2)5Si8O22(OH)2
Grunerite asbestos (amosite): Fe2+7Si8O22(OH)2
Anthophyllite asbestos: Mg7Si8O22(OH)2
Tremolite asbestos: Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2
Actinolite asbestos: Ca2(Mg,Fe2+)5Si8O22(OH)2
More toxic
Less toxic
Chrysotile(the dominant form used industrially in the US)
AmositeCrocidolite
AsbestiformAnthophylliteAsbestiform
Tremolite/Actinolite
AsbestiformErionite (a
Zeolite)
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
NOHM Hazard Potential and Levels of Certainty
Most commonly associated with serpentine or ultramafic rock
May also occur in metamorphosed gabbro, basalt, carbonate rocks, or other metamorphic rocks
May occur in faults or shear zones or at geologic boundaries
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Asbestiform Asbestos
• Sample formula: K2(NaCa0.5)[Al6Si30O72] · 28H2O
• Found in vesicles (cavities) and veins of volcanic rocks such as basalts, rhyolites, and andesites
• Forms as a devitrification product (the conversion of glass to crystalline material) of volcanic glass in tuffs
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Erionite sprays, Agate Beach, Lincoln Co., Oregon, USA.
Erionite: The New Asbestos?
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Near Buck Mountain, Lane CountyNear Buck Mountain, Lane County
Western Oregon Zeolites – Erionite?
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Modified after Prostka, 1967)
The “Amphitheater”
Erionite’s type locality “The Amphitheater” near Durkee, Baker County
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Rome Zeolite Deposits
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Harney Lake Zeolites
Zeolites were discovered in 1959
www.nps.gov
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Drilling in 2003 by Drilling in 2003 by Malheur MiningMalheur Mining
Kerby: “Bonanza” Gold Feeder Mineralization
Metals: Au, Ag, As, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Hot Springs: Mercury and Uranium Association
Alvord ValleyAlvord Valley
McDermitt CalderaMcDermitt Caldera
Malheur
Harney
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Detroit Lake Mineralization
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Levels of Resource Potential:
Catalog: NOHM Hazard Potential
NOHM potential assignment criteria…
HIGH knowledge of NOHM presence in at least part of the area
MEDIUM favorable ground for the specific NOHM
LOW areas with little or no indication of having a specified NOHM
NO NOHM potential is lacking in a well-defined area
UNKNOWN areas where information is inadequate
Levels of Certainty:
A. Available information is not adequate for determination of the level of NOHM potential
B. Available information only suggests the level of NOHM potential
C. Available information gives a good indication of the level of NOHM potential
D. Available information clearly defines the level of NOHM potential
Catalog: Levels of Certainty
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Based on Matrix
Project Deliverable…
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
No Problem?
NOHM Hazard Potential and Levels of Certainty
ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp
Polygon HP LC
2094 High C
Clark NiewendorpIndustrial Minerals Geologist
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries800 NE Oregon Street #28
Portland, OR 97232Tele: 971.673.1540
Email: [email protected]
Mineral Evolution: Earth magazine ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp