?

ITEM1>ITEM2>

MTT 2011Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn. - 1

www.data.gov ?

ITEM1>ITEM2>


Governments, organisations, …open and link data

ITEM1>ITEM2>

September 2010

May 2007

April 2008

March 2009

September 2008

Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/ MTT 2011 - 3

a Web of Linked Open DataOne standard beats them all: RDF

ITEM1>ITEM2>

Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

September 2010

MTT 2011 - 4

>25 billion RDF triples203 data setsInterlinked by >395 million RDF links

ITEM1>ITEM2>


multilingual access to the web of dataThe ULiS project

Web of data

?

ILexicOn: An ECD-compliant

interlingual lexical ontology described with semantic web formalisms

Maxime Lefrançois & Fabien GandonEdelweiss – INRIA Sophia-Antipolis – France{Maxime.Lefrancois|Fabien.Gandon}@inria.fr

MTT 2011

The core of the ULiS project:

ITEM1>ITEM2>

OUTLINE

The Semantic Web Formalisms

The ULiS project: multilingual access to web of data

The ILexicOn : defining interlingual lexical units


Proposal 2: A formal way to represent lexicographic definitions

Proposal 1: An architecture that unlocks motivating scenarios

1. The Semantic Web Formalisms


ITEM1>ITEM2>

Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

September 2010

MTT 2011 - 9

One standard beats them all: RDF

ITEM1>ITEM2>

RDF stands forResource: pages, images, ILUc, ... everything that can have a URIDescription: attributes, features, and relations of the resourcesFramework: model, languages and syntaxes for these descriptions


ITEM1>ITEM2>

W3C® MTT 2011Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn. - 11

ITEM1>ITEM2>

RDF is a triple model i.e. every piece of knowledge is broken down into

( subject , predicate , object )


ITEM1>ITEM2>

doc.html has for author Fabien and has for theme Music


ITEM1>ITEM2>

( doc.html , author , Fabien )( doc.html , theme , Music )

a triplethe RDF atom:


ITEM1>ITEM2>

RDF : a graph

Fabien

doc.html

Music

author

theme


ITEM1>ITEM2>

http://inria.fr/~fabien#me

http://inria.fr/rr/doc.html

Music

http://inria.fr/schema#author

http://inria.fr/schema#theme

resources and propertiesare identified byURIs


ITEM1>ITEM2>

<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:inria="http://inria.fr/schema#" >

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://inria.fr/rr/doc.html"> <inria:author rdf:resource= "http://inria.fr/~fabien#me" />

<inria:theme>Music</inria:theme> </rdf:Description>

</rdf:RDF>

RDF< /> has an XML syntax


ITEM1>ITEM2>

SPARQL: query / updateSPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language


ITEM1>ITEM2>

Example: persons at least 18-year old

PREFIX ex: <http://inria.fr/schema#>SELECT ?person ?nameWHERE { ?person rdf:type ex:Person ?person ex:name ?name . ?person ex:age ?age . FILTER (?age > 17)}

SPARQL: query / update


ITEM1>ITEM2>

RDFS

to declare classes of resources, properties, and organize their hierarchy

Document

Report

creator

authorDocument Person

chema


ITEM1>ITEM2>

OWL:Complexify models

restriction!

cardinality1..1

equivalenceenumeration

disjoint union[>18] value restrict.

algebraic properties

disjoint properties

qualified cardinality1..1

!

intersection

union

complement

disjunction

individual prop. neg

chained prop.

keys …

▪ classes▪ instances▪ properties


2. The ULiS project:Multilingual access to the web of data


Web of data

?

ITEM1>ITEM2>

Web of data

Universal Networking Language


A pivot-based NLP technique +MTT?+RDF?

ConvertDeconvert

Interlanguage

ITEM1>ITEM2>


ConvertDeconvert

Interlanguage

Web of data

a Universal Linguistic System

The ULiS project

ITEM1>ITEM2>

Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn.

The ULiS project

MTT 2011 - 25

Meaning-Text Theory

Semantic Web formalisms

Pivot-based NLP technique

ULiS

to redesign

compliant with

100% using

a Universal Linguistic System

2.The ULiS projectScenario

Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn. MTT 2011- 26

ITEM1>ITEM2>


John killed Mary. John a tué Mary.

John01 kill@past Mary01.John01 kill@past Mary01.

John killed Mary

John01 tuer@past Mary01.John01 tuer@past Mary01

John a tué Mary

InputTEXT

IR RDF

Output1TEXT

SREN RDF SRFR

RDF

MTT 2011 - 27

The RDF-World

RDF situational representations

RDF interlingual representations

The ULiS project - scenario- Machine Translation

--

ITEM1>ITEM2>

Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn. MTT 2011 - 28

The RDF-World



John killed Mary. John a tué Mary.


John killed Mary

John01 tuer@past Mary01.John01 tuer@past Mary01

John a tué Mary

The ULiS project - scenario- Machine Translation

--

ITEM1>ITEM2>


IDBpediaSELECT ?personWHERE { ?person ikb:kill ikb:Mary01. }

ikb:John01

Who killed Mary?

Who kill@past@? Mary01Who kill@past@? Mary01

Who killed Mary ?

John killed Mary.


John killed MarySREN

RDF

SPARQLRDF + X RDF X RDFIKBRDF

SREN RDF

InputTEXT

IR RDF IR RDF

Output2TEXT

MTT 2011 - 29

The RDF-World

RDFOutput

SPARQL Request



The ULiS project - scenario- Management of Interlingual Knowledge Bases- Machine Translation

-

ITEM1>ITEM2>


SELECT ?personWHERE { ?person ikb:kill ikb:Mary01. }

ikb:John01IDBpedia

The RDF-World

RDFOutput

SPARQL Request



Who killed Mary?

Who kill@past@? Mary01Who kill@past@? Mary01

Who killed Mary ?

John killed Mary.


John killed Mary

The ULiS project - scenario- Management of Interlingual Knowledge Bases- Machine Translation

-

ITEM1>ITEM2>


- Management of Interlingual Knowledge Bases- Machine Translation

- Management of the Universal Linguistic Knowledge base

SPARQLRDF + X RDF X RDF

The RDF-World

RDFOutput

SPARQL Request



InputTEXT

IR RDF

SRFR RDF

Output2TEXT

SRFR RDF

IR RDF

Output1TEXT

SRFR RDF

IKBRDFULKRDF

The ULiS project - scenario

2.The ULiS projectArchitecture

Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn. MTT 2011- 32

ITEM1>ITEM2>


The ULiS project - architecture

Explanatory Combinatorial

Dictionary

Description of theExplanatory

CombinatorialDictionary

SSynRs

DMorphRs

SMorphRs

DPhonRs

SPhonRs

DSynRs

SemRs

Meta- Ontology Data

ITEM1>ITEM2>



Explanatory Combinatorial

Dictionary

Description of theExplanatory

CombinatorialDictionary

SSynRs

DMorphRs

SMorphRs

DPhonRs

SPhonRs

DSynRs

SemRs

X RDFInterlingualKnowledgeBase

Meta- Ontology Data

ITEM1>ITEM2>



MTT 2011 - 35

INTERLINGUAL

NOT INTERLINGUAL = SITUATIONAL


+RDF!

ITEM1>ITEM2>



IRs RDF

MTT 2011 - 36

SRs RDF

SSynRs

DMorphRs

SMorphRs

DPhonRs

SPhonRs

DSynRs

SLexiMOn

« SituationalLexical

Meta-Ontology »

SLexicOnOther features of the ECD

ILexiMOn« Interlingual

Lexical Meta-Ontology »

ILexicOnpure interlingual features of the ECD


ITEM1>ITEM2>


X RDF(ex:Maxime,ikb:isFrom,geo:France)

InterlingualKnowledgeBase

(ikb:isFrom,rdfs:range,ikb:Country)(ikb:isFrom,rdfs:domain,ikb:Person)

IRs RDFex:John01

MTT 2011 - 37

SRs RDF

SSynRs

DMorphRs

SMorphRs

DPhonRs

SPhonRs

DSynRs

SLexiMOn

sleximon:SLexicalUnit

SLexicOnenlexicon:Personeslexicon:Personafrlexicon:Personne

ILexiMOnileximon:ILexicalUnit

ILexicOnilexicon:Person


ITEM1>ITEM2>



IRs RDF

MTT 2011 - 38

SRs RDF

SSynRs

DMorphRs

SMorphRs

DPhonRs

SPhonRs

DSynRs

SLexiMOn


Meta-Ontology »






+ Links+ Transformation rules

IKB = KB + anchors + transformation rules

ITEM1>ITEM2>



IRs RDF

MTT 2011 - 39

SRs RDF

SSynRs

DMorphRs

SMorphRs

DPhonRs

SPhonRs

DSynRs

SLexiMOn


Meta-Ontology »


The ULiS project – Done / To do ?

+ Links+ Transformation rules

IKB = KB + anchors + transformation rules




Formal lexicographic definitions of interlingual lexical units…

in RDF!

3. The ILexicOn:defining interlingual lexical units


With the Semantic Web formalisms, We designed a simple ILexiMOn…

Interlingual Lexical Units Classes may be formally defined in the ILexicOn…

…by supporting the projection of their semantic decomposition

on themselves


ITEM1>ITEM2>


Three layersowl:Class owl:ObjectProperty xsd:boolean

owl:intersectionOf

owl:unionOf owl:hasSelf

owl:propertyChainAxiomis-aOW

Lis-a

range

:ILexicalUnit :ISemanticRelation

:ILexicalPrimitive

:onISemanticRelation

:isObligatorycore

-ILex

iMO

n la

yer

:allValuesFromdomain

range

is-a

subClassOf

subClassOf subClassOf

range

domain

domain

ILex

icO

n la

yer

:hasEntity

:Person

:Entity

:Alive

trueonISemanticRelationallValuesFrom

intersectionOf

allValuesFrom

isObligatory

is-a

onISemanticRelation:State

is-a

Dat

a-la

yer

:Mary01 :Alive01hasEntity

MTT 2011 - 42

B

CA

A is the intersection of B and C

A BA is a subClass of B

A BA is linked to B

through property p

p

property

A B

A is an instance of Bclass/instance

ITEM1>ITEM2>


Die Die:Die01

Person:Mary01

IRs RDFILexicOn

1.Person

ILUc ILUi

ITEM1>ITEM2>

MTT 2011Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn. - 45SemA slotsRely on

non-semantic

features

Conceptual participants

ITEM1>ITEM2>


Die< EventEnd<

ITEM1>ITEM2>

1.Time


Die< EventEnd<

ConP inheritance

1.Time

ITEM1>ITEM2>


Die End<

State1.Alive<1.

1.Person Entity

1.Time

1.Person< 1.

ConP partial inheritance

ITEM1>ITEM2>

=?MTT 2011Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn. - 49

Die

1.Alive

1.Person

1.Time

1.Person

? ConP composition

Named ConP slots(an infinite number of) specialized semantic relations

hasDead

hasTime

hasEntity

hasState

Die End<

ITEM1>ITEM2>

=?MTT 2011Lefrançois & Gandon, ILexicOn. - 50

Die

1.Alive

1.Person

1.Time

1.Person

hasDead

hasTime

hasEntity

hasState

hasState / hasEntity

hasDead

(hasState/hasEntity)<hasDead

is equivalent to:

ConP composition

ITEM1>ITEM2>


Kill<Cause<Event

ITEM1>ITEM2>


hasEvent

1.Die<Event1.Person

hasAgent

Kill<Cause<Event

1.TimehasTime

ITEM1>ITEM2>


hasEvent

1.Die<Event1.Person

hasAgent

Kill

1.Person

hasDead

hasTime

1.Time

1.TimehasTime

ITEM1>ITEM2>


1.PersonhasAgenthasEvent

1.Die

ConP composition

1.Time

1.Person

hasDead

hasKilled

Kill

hasTime

1.Time

( hasEvent / hasDead ) < hasKilled

hasTime

ITEM1>ITEM2>



1.Die

1.Person

hasDead

hasKilled

Kill

hasTime

1.Time

? ConP merging

1.TimehasTime

ITEM1>ITEM2>



1.Die

1.Person

hasDead

hasKilled

Kill

hasTime

1.Time hasKillTime

ConP merging

hasTime1.Time

( hasEvent / hasTime ) < hasKillTime

ITEM1>ITEM2>



1.Die

hasTime1.Time

1.Person

hasDead

hasKilled

KillhasTime

hasKillTime

ConP merging( hasEvent / hasTime ) < hasKillTime < hasTime

ITEM1>ITEM2>



1.Die

hasTime1.Time

1.Person

hasDead

hasKilled

KillhasTime

hasKillTime

Optional / obligatory ConP

hasBeneficiary

?.Person

ITEM1>ITEM2>


Infanticide<Kill

ITEM1>ITEM2>


Relation between two ConPs(hasRelation/hasEntity) < hasKilledChild < hasKilled(hasRelation/hasObject) < hasKillerParent < hasAgent

1.PersonhasAgent

1.Person1.Parent<Relation<State

hasRelation

hasEntity

hasObject

Infanticide<KillhasKillerParent

hasKilled

hasKilledChild

ITEM1>ITEM2>


Inference in the data : (IRs RDF)

Person:John01hasAgent

Person:Mary01

hasKilled

Parent:p01

hasRelation

hasEntity

hasObject

Infanticide:i01hasKillerParent

hasKilledChild

hasEvent

Die:d01

hasDead

hasTimeTime:t01

hasTime

hasKillTime

ConP inheritance ConP partial inheritance ConP composition ConP merging Optional / obligatory ConP Relation between two ConPs

Named ConP slots

Formal definitions of ILUCs

Conceptual participants

(an infinite number of) specialized semantic relations


ITEM1>ITEM2>


The three layersowl:Class owl:ObjectProperty xsd:boolean

owl:intersectionOf

owl:unionOf owl:hasSelf

owl:propertyChainAxiomis-aOW

Lis-a

range

:ILexicalUnit :ISemanticRelation

:ILexicalPrimitive

:onISemanticRelation

:isObligatorycore

-ILex

iMO

n la

yer

:allValuesFromdomain

range

is-a

subClassOf

subClassOf subClassOf

range

domain

domain

ILex

icO

n la

yer

:hasEntity

:Person

:Entity

:Alive

trueonISemanticRelationallValuesFrom

intersectionOf

allValuesFrom

isObligatory

is-a

onISemanticRelation:State

is-a

Dat

a-la

yer

:Mary01 :Alive01hasEntity

MTT 2011 - 63

B

CA

A is the intersection of B and C

A BA is a subClass of B

A BA is linked to B

through property p

p

property

A B

A is an instance of Bclass/instance

Thank YouMaxime Lefrançois & Fabien Gandon

Edelweiss – INRIA Sophia-Antipolis – France{Maxime.Lefrancois|Fabien.Gandon}@inria.fr

ULiS: A Universal Linguistic System - to redesign Pivot-based NLP techniques - 100% using the Semantic Web Formalisms - compliant with the Meaning-Text Theory

ILexicOn: The Interlingual Lexical Ontology - formal lexicographic definitions

- Lexical functions (Fin + named ConP slots => interesting) - Populate- SLexicOn

This presentation onhttp://maxime-lefrancois.info

+ Perspectives…

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