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South Africa: Preliminary findings and draft recommendations
“Towards more effective responses to organised crime in Southern Africa”
(EROC project)
ISS Pretoria, 21st April 2010
South Africa: Preliminary findings and draft recommendations
“Towards more effective responses to organised crime in Southern Africa”
(EROC project)
ISS Pretoria, 21st April 2010
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Presentation outlinePresentation outline
• Fieldwork coverage and data collection methods
• Research challenges• Preliminary findings• Draft recommendations• Discussion
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Fieldwork coverage and data Fieldwork coverage and data collectioncollection
• Scoping exercises in 2008• Restricted to Gauteng and Western Cape
during 2009.• Inclusion of KZN and Limpopo province in
2010. Additional research in Gauteng and Western Cape.
• Data collection involved interviews with government sources, NGOs, observations and analysis of secondary sources of information.
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Research challengesResearch challenges
• Scope of the research • Time limitations• Absence of a definition of OC/confusion of
some terms (e.g. human trafficking and people smuggling)
• Access to information• Ethical debates
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Findings: Drug traffickingFindings: Drug trafficking
• Cannabis• Tik• Cocaine• Heroin• Khat• Ecstasy• Hallucinogens• Mandrax decreasing.
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Drug trafficking methodsDrug trafficking methods
• By air – collusion with airport staff, concealing drugs in hidden compartments, cargo, drug mules, courier companies
• By sea – limited evidence a result of difficulty in searching containers or because most drugs smuggled by air as it is quicker?
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Human traffickingHuman trafficking
• A lack of data on human trafficking.• Absence of legislation.• Confusion with the terms ‘human trafficking’
and ‘people smuggling.’• Conflation of figures by self-interested parties.• Evidence of trafficking.• Many more cases of people smuggling which
lead to exploitation.
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Poaching of endangered Poaching of endangered speciesspecies
• Last year limited to rhino horn and abalone; inclusion of further species in 2010.
• Rhino horn used in traditional medicine in Far East.
• Syndicates involving: Mozambicans, Vietnamese, renegade Professional Hunters
• Moratorium debate
• Databases
• TOPS legislation
• Private/public sector liaison
• Security companies
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Poaching of endangered Poaching of endangered speciesspecies
• Exchange of abalone for drugs • Use of local fishermen, diving at night• Transportation to Gauteng• Export to Asia• Discordant criminal laws, penalties.
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Illicit trade in cigarettesIllicit trade in cigarettes
• Highly profitable.• Varying views of the extent.• Different types of illicit cigarettes.• Debate over whether tax differentials cause
smuggling.• Zimbabwe/Mozambique
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IssuesIssues• Cross-border cooperation – sharing of intelligence,
varying legislation, porous borders, extradition• Better cooperation between
organisations/departments, particularly at Ports of Entry
• Databases• Capacity, resources and training• Improved standards within security companies• Nexus between business and crime• Corruption• Establishment of border management agency (BMI)
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Thank you!Thank you!
[email protected]@gmail.com
: www.issafrica.org: www.issafrica.org
