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www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
McGill Photonic Systems Group
Andrew KirkMicro and nano-opticsOptical interconnectsApplications of MEMS
Lawrence ChenOptical amplifiersFiber lasersTransmission and coding issues
David PlantOptoelectronicsVLSI photonicsHigh speed packagingOptical switches
+ ~ 30 graduate students, research engineers and post-docs
Dominik Pudo [email protected]
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
“Photonics”
• The PHOTON is to PHOTONics as the ELECTRON is to ELECTRONics.
• Three major developments in the recent past are responsible for the rejuvenation of this field:
– Invention of the diode laser (1961)– Fabrication of low loss fiber (1970)– Maturing of semiconductor optical devices (1970s to
present)• Modern definition of photonics as applied to
communications: generation, modulation, transmission, and detection of light.
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Why light for communications ?
Optical communication Electrical transmission lines
Low carrier frequencyHigh carrier frequency (1014 Hz)(Almost) no modulation effects Distortion of modulated signals
Dielectric waveguides Conducting waveguidesLow loss Frequency dependent lossSmall wavelength Large wavelengthTight confinement Bulky
High impedance medium Low impedance linesLow power High power
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Limitations of electrical interconnects: the off-chip challenge
• As data rates increase, electrical interconnects are limited by:
– Power– Distortion– Cross-talk– Pin-out capacity
• Fundamental: Aspect ratio limit*
l A)bit/s(10 2
16max
l
AB
*D.A.B.Miller and H.M.Ozaktas, J.Parallel Distrib. Comput., 41, pp 42-52, 1997
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Optical Communications
Length1mm 1cm 10cm 1m 10m 100m 1km 10km
BackplaneBoard
100km
Medium distanceParallel optical interconnect
Shelf
Chip
Campus/City/etc.
Long distanceOptical fiber
Rack
Free-spaceoptics
Recent record: 10 Tbps over 100km 3 Tbps over 7300km
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Research Overview-1
• developing ultrafast photonic and fiber optic technologies for broadband telecommunications, optical sensing, and biomedicine. Specific areas include:
– Ultrafast Photonic Signal Processing
– Fiber Amplifiers and Lasers
– Photonic Networks
– Microwave Photonics
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Time, ps
Aut
ocor
rela
tion
Tra
ce,
n.u.
Generation of a 325 GHzoptical pulse burst
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Research Overview-2
• Parallel Optical Interconnects
–Free-space optical interconnects
–Parallel fiber interconnects
• Components for future optical fiber networks
–Multiplexers
–Switches
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Free-Space Optical Backplane
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Clustered system: 512 channel parallel optical board to board link*
• 86 mm throw• 3x6 mm active area• 256 channels (bidirectional)• 28 channels/mm2
Clustered optical design
ICMicrolens array
Glass spacer
Relay system
Minilens
Prism
VCSEL cluster
Detector cluster
Prism
*M. Châteauneuf et al, Optics in Computing 2001, pp.64-66.
86 mm
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Completed 512 channel bidirectional system
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Research Overview-3
• Research in micro-optics and MEMS ( Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
• Free-space micro-optics for optical interconnects
• Micro-optics for telecomm systems
• Micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS)
• Sub-wavelength structured surfaces and devices
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
MEMS mirror
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Clean room and packaging laboratories
• 1000 sq ft., class 10,000 clean room including a fume hood
• High and low power laser systems
• Test and measurement equipment supporting 12.5 Gbps digital (BERT, scopes, etc.) and 22 GHz analog (lightwave component analyzer, signal generators, etc.)
• Free space and fiber based optics and optomechanics
• Wirebonding and packaging
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Fiber optics lab and design software New fiber optics laboratory
• C + L band EDFAs, broadband, DFB, and tunable sources
• 10 – 40 GHz mode-locked fiber laser• Optical spectrum analyzer• Communication signal analyzer• Polarization diagnostics• Fusion splicer• 10 and 40 Gbps modulators; 10 Gbps
receivers
Software
• Circuit design• Optical/fiber• Mechanical
> 3 000 000 $ of equipment
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Fiber optics lab
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Courses?
Undergraduate:• 423B: propagation, sources, free-space, detectors • 430A: waveguides, photonic devices, network• 492A: source, link, simulation, network devices
Graduate:• 527B: free-space, systems, simulations • 571A: laser sources and detectors (O/E – E/O)• 596A: waveguides, propagation
www.photonics.ece.mcgill.ca
Thank you!