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www.sacpsr.org
Update on the Nuclear Arms Race: What you can do to end it and make the US and the world more secure
Hiroshima – NagasakiDay Memorial Service
August 9, 2009Jimmy Spearow, Ph.D. RepresentingSacramento Physicians for Social Responsibilitywww.sacpsr.org
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"Little Boy" 235 Uranium Bomb Yield 13,000 tons (13 Kiloton) TNTDropped on Hiroshima: 140,000 Civilian Deaths
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“Fat Man” 239Plutonium Bomb
Yield 20,000 tons (20 Kilotons) TNT
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Burn and Radiation Injuries
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• Mortality from Fireball and Thermal Wave • Acute Radiation Exposure• Radioactive Fallout• Immune suppression, Epidemics of Infectious Disease • Blast Wave • Electromagnetic Pulse Damage• Societal Collapse, Economic and Environmental Costs• Nuclear Winter• WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION & TERROR
Medical Effects of Nuclear Weapons
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• Mortality from Fireball and Thermal Wave • Acute Radiation Exposure• Radioactive Fallout• Immune suppression, Epidemics of Infectious Disease • Blast Wave • Electromagnetic Pulse Damage• Societal Collapse, Economic and Environmental Costs• Nuclear Winter• WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION & TERROR
Medical Effects of Nuclear Weapons
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Lethal Nuclear Weapon Effects
• Effects of 12-20 Kiloton ~ 500 Kiloton• Blast
• Thermal & Direct 1-2 Mile 5-6 Mile• Radiation Effects Radius Radius
• Radioactive Fallout ~ 5-15 Miles ~100 Miles
• (Ground burst)
• Number of deaths >100,000 Hundreds of from attacking Thousands a major city
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A Nuclear War between US and Russia is likely to result in
10-100 Million immediate Deaths on each side
Prevention of Nuclear War needs to have a high Priority
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Factors Driving the Nuclear and Conventional Arms Race
Nationalism
Develop Weapons
Military Industrial
Complex Insecurity
PerceivedMilitary Threats
Nation "A"
PerceivedMilitary Threats
Insecurity
MilitaryIndustrial Complex
Develop Weapons Nationalism
Nation "B"
Conflicts overresources orideologies
Nuclear proliferation increases threats
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US/Russian Strategic Nuclear Weapons
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US/Russian Strategic Nuclear Weapons
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New Way of Thinking: Arms Control and Conflict Resolution can promote Mutual Security and Peace
Arms Treaties and Disarmament
GoodwillDesire to
help others
Improved Domestic & Foreign Aid & Services
Increased Security
Nation "A"
Increased Security
Improved Domestic & Foreign Aid & Services
GoodwillDesire to
help others
Arms Treaties and Disarmament
Nation "B"
Conflict Resolution, Cooperation & Mutual Security
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Threats of Nuclear War*Major Nuclear Powers US, Russia, China, Great Britain, FranceMilitarization of Space, False Warnings & Fear of Preemptive First Strikes Increased Risks Nuclear War
*Nuclear Proliferation by other Nations India, Pakistan, North Korea, Israel, Iran? & ? Escalation of Conventional War-> Nuclear War
*Nuclear Terrorism by Non-State Actors Stolen or Smuggled Nuclear / Radiological Weapon
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Arms Control Treaties• Limited Test Ban Treaty• Non-Proliferation Treaty• Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty• Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)• Conventional Armed Forces in Europe
Treaty• Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty• Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I)• Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II)• Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I)• Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II (START
II)
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
US USSR
6,000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
US Russia
3,500
START II
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
US Russia
2,500
START IIISTART IBush- Putin
AgreementIn S
torage
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
US Russia
In Storage
In Storage
1991 1993 Abandoned 2002
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George W. Bush Administration Counterforce Nuclear Weapons Policy
• 2001: Bush-Putin circumvented START III• 2001: Opposed Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty• 2001: Withdrew from ABM Treaty• 2002: Nuclear Posture Review--> First Strike Policy • 2002: Pushed to develop “Bunker Buster” Mini-Nukes • 2002: Declared Iraqi WMD a threat to US security• 2003: Invasion & Occupation of Iraq. • 2004: Deployed Missile “Defense” System• 2007: Pushed to upgrade US nuclear bomb manufacturing
plants (Complex 2030 & Reliable Replacement Warheads)• 2007: Pushed to deploy Missile Interceptors in Europe• 2008: Abandoned negotiations on successor to START
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-President George W. Bush Military Policies: -1) Disavowing Arms Control Treaties-2) Threatening Nuclear & Conventional First Strikes-3) US Ballistic Missile Defense & Militarization of Space-4) Using US military to garner and control world
resources (Oil) (Economic Imperialism)-These policies were very destabilizing, likely to:-Create Animosity toward the US; -Renew & destabilize the Arms Race; -Increase Long-term Chances of Nuclear War;
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Opportunities for Nuclear Disarmament
*January 2007 - George Schultz, Henry Kissinger, William Perry and Sam Nunn – Called to promote
a world Free of Nuclear Weapons.
Now is the time to push for nuclear disarmament by treaty negotiations.
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Change in Nuclear Weapons Policy
• President Barack Obama declared in Prague April 2009 that the United States will
"take concrete steps toward a world without nuclear weapons."
www.sacpsr.org President Obama’s Nuclear Arms Control Agenda
• President Obama negotiating a successor to Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) with Russian President Medvemed –
• Reduce number of US and Russian strategic Nuclear Weapons by ~ one third. – Contention over Ballistic Missile Defenses in
Europe – Russian concerns missile interceptors could be
used to block Russian retaliation after a US pre-emptive first strike
– US Senate opposed to any concessions on BMD
• Urge Congress to Support and Ratify this Nuclear Arms Control Treaty.
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President Obama Supports Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)
•Bans the detonation of any nuclear bombs.
•Agreed to by 41 of 44 nuclear states, ratified by 31
•1999: Without hearings, ratification failed in US Senate 48- 51
•2001: Bush withdraws from CTBT
•2009: Obama Supports CTBT
•Urge Congress to Ratify CTBT
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Non-Proliferation Treaty• Seeks to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons
and weapons technology
• In exchange for non-nuclear nations agreeing to not develop Nuclear weapons, Nuclear nations agreed to: 1) Not target non-nuclear nations; 2) Decrease the number of nuclear weapons; and 3) Eventually eliminate nuclear weapons.
• President Obama Supports Strengthening Non-Proliferation Treaty and
• Taking nuclear weapons off Hair Trigger Launch
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Unsolved Problems with Nuclear Power Waste
Yucca Flats Nuclear Waste Depository on hold
Bush Administration’s “Global Nuclear Energy Partnership”-Reprocesses Nuclear Power waste to purify plutonium and Uranium - Domestically and Globally
-Increases stockpiles of weapons-usable plutonium Nuclear Power Plant Reprocess Plutonium Warheads Major Nuclear Proliferation Risk
-Reprocessing increases volume of radioactive waste Increased exposure to radioactivity
PSR Urges President Obama and Congress to abandon nuclear waste reprocessing.
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www.sacpsr.org Which Nuclear Weapons Policy will we choose? Deterrence
Counterforce Mutually Assured Destruction
Or Non-Proliferation and Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament
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The Future is in our Hands !PSR Urges you to support
President Obama’s Disarmament and Non-
Proliferation Treaty Efforts
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Other Sources of InformationPhysicians for Social Responsibility
http://www.psr.org
Sacramento PSR
http://www.sacpsr.org
Nuclear Age Peace Foundation
http://www.wagingpeace.org/
Teach Peace Foundation
http://www.teachpeace.com
www.sacpsr.org Summary
• PSR Urges you to contact your congressional representatives and request that they support and ratify President Obama’s nuclear arms control efforts including:
• A successor to Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)
• Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
• Strengthening Non-Proliferation Treaty
• Taking nuclear weapons off Hair Trigger Launch
• However, PSR Urges President Obama and Congress to abandon nuclear waste reprocessing.
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THE END
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Extra Slides for question and answer period
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Anticipated Fallout from Bombing a
Nuclear Power plant
Fetter & TsipisScientific American
April 1981
Attack on Nuclear Power Plant anticipated to be the Worst Nuclear Disaster
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Unprecedented Public Health Disaster
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Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty• Negotiated with the former Soviet Union during the Cold
War.
• Forbids testing and deployment of Sea, Space or Mobile ballistic missile defense systems.
• ABM Treaty is important: While ABM system may shoot down rogue missiles, it can also be very destabilizing especially if coupled with first strike weapons.
• 2001: Bush administration announces US withdrawal from ABM treaty.
• ~2004 Russia Develops Topol-M “Crazy Ivan” ICBM
• 2007: US plans to deploy ABM in Eastern Europe
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Factors Driving the Nuclear & Conventional Arms Race
Nationalism Develop Weapons
Military Industrial
Complex Insecurity
PerceivedMilitary Threats
Nation "A"
PerceivedMilitary Threats
Insecurity
MilitaryIndustrial Complex
Develop Weapons NationalismNation "B"
Conflicts overResources orIdeologies
www.sacpsr.org President Obama’s Nuclear Arms Control Agenda
• President Obama negotiating a successor to Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) with Russian President Medvemed- – Reduce US and Russian strategic Nuclear Weapons by 1/3 – Contention over US Ballistic Missile Defenses in Europe – Russian concerns- missile interceptors could be used to
block Russian retaliation after a US pre-emptive first strike– US Senate opposed to any concessions on BMD
• President Obama Supports Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty– Ratification narrowly failed in 1999
• President Obama Supports Strengthening Non-Proliferation Treaty
• Supports taking nuclear weapons off Hair Trigger Launch
• Urge Congress to Support and Ratify President Obama’s Nuclear Arms Control Treaties.
