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Hydraulic Fracturing

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Classes of Additives Purpose Examples

Acid Facilitates entry into rock formations hydrochloric acid

Biocides Kill bacteria and reduce risk of fouling glutaraldehyde, 2,2 Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide

Breaker Facilitate proppant entry peroxodisulfates

Clay stabilizer Clay stabilization salts, ie tetramethylammonium chloride

Corrosion inhibitor Well maintenance methanol

Crosslinker Facilitate proppant entry potassium hydroxide

Friction reducers Improve surface pressure sodium acrylate, polyacrylamide

Gelling agents Proppant placement guar gum

Iron control Well maintenance citric acid, thioglycolic acid

Scale inhibitor Prevention of precipitation ammonium chloride, ethylene glycol,polyaccrylate

Surfactant Reduction in fluid tension methanol, isopropanol

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"significant potential risks to human health and the environment."

January 2011

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• Water Contamination• Ground Contamination

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Lack of regulations

Guardian Newspaper, 31st August 2011

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Air Pollution

Huffington Post3rd August 2011

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BBC News31st May 2011

Earthquakes?

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The Blackpool Gazette16th October 2011

“CONTROVERSIAL gas drilling DID cause Fylde coast earthquakes.”

“..earth tremors felt nearby [Lancashire drilling site] were most likely to have been caused by fracking”

British Geological Survey16th October 2011

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Western Mail 11th June 2011

Over Estimated Reserves

Business Insider 24th Aug 2011

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Multiple Drill Rigs

Wyoming, USA

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Volume of Water Used

“On average, each well will use approx. 1 - 8 million gallons of water per frack”

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• Tourism• Property Value• Increased Traffic

Other areas of concern..

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