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www.transportenvironment .org Towards sustainable transport: Focus on freight Nina Renshaw Transport and Environment Open Days, Brussels, 7 October 2008
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www.transportenvironment.org
Towards sustainable transport: Focus on freight
Nina RenshawTransport and Environment
Open Days, Brussels, 7 October 2008
www.transportenvironment.org
Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, FYROM, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
51 Members – 23 Countries
T&E membership
www.transportenvironment.org
Focus on freight
• Why focus on freight?• Trends and impacts• Policy approaches• Real life examples• Recommendations
www.transportenvironment.org
Freight transport growth
Source: EEA, 2008
Freight transport growth in Europe (1990-2003) + 43%
Double the rate of passenger transport growth
Outpacing 30% GDP growth
Projected growth road freight transport demand (2000-2020) + 52%
www.transportenvironment.org
Oil consumption in transport
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Mto
e
road road rail inland navigation air sea
Ships
Aircraft
Rail & inl. shipping
Cars
Lorries
www.transportenvironment.org
Modal split
Source: Eurostat, Statistics in Focus, 38/ 2008
Inner-EU freight transport
73%
17%
5%5%
RoadRailInland NavigationOther
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Comparison climate performance by mode
Source: CE Delft, To shift or not to shift, 2003
www.transportenvironment.org
Transport and climate
www.transportenvironment.org
www.transportenvironment.org
Experiences – Germany, Austria, Switzerland
Time to tackle demand
www.transportenvironment.org
Time to tackle demand
• Vehicles are slowly getting cleaner in terms of air pollution (EURO IV, V…)• Painfully slow progress on vehicle noise• No rules on trucks’ fuel efficiency
BUT Technological improvements are cancelled out by traffic growth!
www.transportenvironment.org
Current prices in freight transport do not include the costs imposed on
society:
Air pollution, noise, climate change, accidents, congestion
EU Treaty Article 174 (2): Polluter-pays principle
“environmental damage should as a priority be rectified at source and the
polluter should pay.”
… by getting the prices right
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Benefits found include: (CH, DE, AT, CZ – Stockholm, London)
• Better load factor, reduced empty driving
• Cleaner (newer) fleet composition
• Reduced emissions
• Revenues / Fast cost payback
• No effect on consumer prices
But… traffic diversion, modal shift moderate.
Km-charges coming soon in HU, SK, FR, SE, NL
Experience of km-charging
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The Swiss example• More efficiency: +16% tkm; -6% vkm
• Cut emissions: -10% PM; -16% NOx; -4% CO2
• Modal split (2007): 64% rail, 26% road
• Revenue (2006): €900Million
• 2/3 to public transport fund for alpine rail links, international rail links, noise reduction
• 1/3 to local authorities
www.transportenvironment.org
Smart demand management and use of
revenuesFee variation by time, place, emissions class
EU Recommendation for use revenues to benefit transport sector and optimise transport system
- road maintenance, public transport, rail…
Also possible: Management by local authorities
T&E prefers: Use charges on pollution, congestion etc to decrease taxes on positive inputs, such as employment. Green charges’ « Double dividend »
Key benefits of road charging• Economic
– Improved efficiency and innovation in road freight sector
– Reduced congestion– Revenues (double dividend)
• Social– Who suffers from noisy and polluted roads? Who are
the victims of climate change?– Reduced pressure on oil prices
• Environmental– Improved air quality, less noise, reduced GHG
emissions, cleaner fleet, local differentiation.
www.transportenvironment.org
Conclusion: smart charging now!
Technology improvements are great news… but not enough, tackling transport demand is unavoidable
New “Eurovignette” Directive currently under discussion: An opportunity to – finally - allow Member States to internalise of external costs in road tolls
It can be done: We know why, we know how, we know it works – Why wait?
