| Date post: | 11-Jan-2016 |
| Category: |
Documents |
| Upload: | brent-carson |
| View: | 213 times |
| Download: | 0 times |
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS activities in the collection and analysis of R&D indicators and
overview of data for ECO member states
ECO - UIS Regional Workshop on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) IndicatorsTehran, Iran
8-10 December 2013
Rohan Pathirage, UIS
www.uis.unesco.org
Objectives of this presentation
Science policy and the linkage to indicators
Present the work that UIS does to support the collection and analysis of STI indicators in developing countries
Provide an overview of the availability of STI indicators worldwide and in the region
www.uis.unesco.org
Science, technology and innovation (STI): Why?
STI universally recognised now as one of the main drivers of economic growth and therefore of poverty reduction as well
Governments should aim to harness the benefits of STI
Hence the need for a national STI policy
Integrated in the overall national strategic plan
Monitoring and benchmarking is critical in assessing, implementing and evaluating policy
If you don’t know where you are, how do you know in which direction you need to go?
Policies often include targets: need for (statistical) measures to assess progress (e.g. Lisbon target: 3%; China: 2.5% by 2020; CPA: 1% in Africa)
www.uis.unesco.org
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)
Formerly UNESCO Division of Statistics
Established in 1999
September 2001 - the UIS moved from Paris to the University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
30 November 2001 – UNESCO Director-General inaugurates the UNESCO Institute for Statistics in Montreal
Director: Mr. Hendrik van der Pol
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS presence around the world
•Montreal
• Nairobi
• Bangkok
• Santiago
• Paris
Dakar●
• Dar es Salaam
•Yaoundé
• Doha• Delhi
www.uis.unesco.org
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)
United Nations data repository for:
• Education
• Science, Technology and Innovation
• Culture
• Communication
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS is the UN lead agency for S&T statistics
Official S&T data source for:
• UN Statistical Division: UN Statistical Year Book
• UNDP: Human Development Report
• World Bank: World Development Indicators
Data publicly available at: http://www.uis.unesco.org
UIS Publications (can be downloaded from the UIS website): S&T Bulletins; Fact sheet, eAtlas on R&D statistics
UNESCO Reports: • UNESCO Science Report
• World Social Science Report
• Etc.
www.uis.unesco.org
Areas of work
R&D personnel & expenditure
Human resources devoted to S&T and international mobility
Innovation data
Longer term: Output & Impact
www.uis.unesco.org
Lines of action
1. STI survey operation and data guardianship
1.1 R&D Survey
1.2 Innovation Survey
2. Training in STI statistics: workshops & other training activities
3. Standard setting and methodological developments
4. Analysis and publications
www.uis.unesco.org
1. STI Survey operation and data guardianship
Global survey on statistics of Research and Development (R&D)
Biennial, since 2004
Global database on R&D Statistics
2011: Pilot survey of Innovation Statistics
2013: First global data collection of innovation statistics
www.uis.unesco.org
1.1 Survey on Research and Development (R&D) Statistics
Biennially.
2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012 R&D surveys completed.
Data and metadata released on UIS website (http://stats.uis.unesco.org).
OECD and Eurostat provide data for their Member States.
RICYT provides data for Latin America and for a few Caribbean countries.
Cooperation with ASTII
www.uis.unesco.org
Data collection: R&D Survey
R&D Personnel
By sector of employment, occupation, qualification, and field of science
In headcount and FTE
By gender
R&D Expenditure
By sector of performance and source of funds
By type of activity and field of science
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS 2010 and 2012 Surveys on R&D:response rates & published data
Note: Effective responses: number of returned questionnaires with data.
Regions Effective responses Effective responses Published data
(Countries and Territories covered) Q 2010 Q 2012 (by June 2013)
Sub-Saharan Africa (45) 12 27%30%
8 18%19%
32 71%72%
Arab States-Africa (9) 4 50% 2 22% 6 67%
Asia (31, excl. Arab States & OECD) 16 52%51%
15 48%44%
25 81%74%
Arab States - Asia (12) 6 50% 4 33% 7 58%
Americas (14, excl. RICYT & OECD) 0 0% 1 7% 4 29%
Europe (16, excl. OECD & Eurostat) 7 44% 6 38% 11 69%
Oceania (17, excl. OECD) 0 0% 0 0% 3 18%
Sub-total (144) 45 31% 36 25% 88 62%Data from other sources:
OECD + Eurostat (44) 44 100% 44 100% 44 100%
RICYT (26, incl. 10 Caribbean) 19 73% 20 77% 20 77%
Total (214) 108 51% 100 47% 152 71%
www.uis.unesco.org
Respondents to the UIS 2010 and 2012 questionnaires: ECO member states
Country 2010Q 2012Q
1 Afghanistan Data not provided Data not provided
2 Azerbaijan Data provided Data provided
3 Iran Data provided Data not provided
4 Kazakhstan Data provided Data provided
5 Kyrgyzstan Data provided Data provided
6 Pakistan Data provided Data provided
7 Tajikistan Data provided Data provided
8 Turkey * *
9 Turkmenistan Data not provided Data not provided
10 Uzbekistan Data not provided Data provided
* Turkey provides data through OECD.
www.uis.unesco.org
Researchers, ECO member states, 2011 or last available year
Country Year Researchers (FTE)Researchers per million
inhabitants (FTE)
Afghanistan … … …
Azerbaijan 2011 11,891 (HC) 1,292 (HC)
Iran 2008 54,268 747
Kazakhstan 2011 10,493 652
Kyrgyzstan 2011 2,224 (HC) 412 (HC)
Pakistan 2011 26,223 149
Tajikistan 2011 1,565 (HC) 200 (HC)
Turkey 2010 64,341 892
Turkmenistan … … …
Uzbekistan 2011 15,029 534
FTE: Full-time equivalent; HC: HeadcountsSource: UIS, July 2013
www.uis.unesco.org
How many researchers are there?Number of researchers worldwide
Source: UIS, July 2013
www.uis.unesco.org
How many researchers are there?Number of researchers worldwide
Source: UIS, July 2013
www.uis.unesco.org
Where are researchers located?Shares of world researchers by principal regions, 2002, 2007 and 2009 (%)
Source: UIS, July 2013
www.uis.unesco.org
Which countries host the greatest number of researchers?Number of researchers, 2011 or latest available year
Source: UIS, July 2013Note: -1 = 2010, -2 = 2009, -3 = 2008, -4 = 2007, -5 = 2006, -6 = 2005. Data in this graph are based on FTE data.
www.uis.unesco.org
A breakdown of researchers in the Americas.Researchers by sector of employment, 2011 or latest available year
Source: UIS, July 2013Note: -1 = 2010, -2 = 2009, -3 = 2008, -4= 2007, -7 = 2004, -8 = 2003. Data in this graph are based on FTE data (* based on HC data).
www.uis.unesco.org
A breakdown of researchers in Europe.Researchers by sector of employment, 2011 or latest available year
Source: UIS, July 2013Note: -1 = 2010, -2 = 2009, -3 = 2008, -4= 2007. Data in this graph are based on FTE data (* based on HC data).
www.uis.unesco.org
A breakdown of researchers in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. Researchers by sector of employment, 2011 or latest available year
Source: UIS, July 2013Note: -1 = 2010, -2 = 2009, -3 = 2008, -4 = 2007, -5 = 2006, -6= 2005, -8 = 2003, -11 = 2000, -14 = 1997. Data in this graph are based on FTE data (* based on HC data).
www.uis.unesco.org
What are the national research densities? Researchers per million inhabitants, 2011 or latest available year
0–100 per million
101–300 per million
301–1000 per million
1001–2000 per million
Data not available
2001 per million and aboveNote: Data in this map are based on FTE. However, figures in headcounts (HC) were considered for the following countries since the FTE figures were not available: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bangladesh; Belarus; Benin; Bermuda; Botswana; Burundi; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Cuba; Democratic Republic of the Congo; El Salvador; Gabon; Georgia; Guinea; Honduras; Kyrgyzstan; Libya; Mauritius; Mongolia; Peru; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Saudi Arabia; Sudan; Tajikistan; Trinidad and Tobago; Uganda; United Republic of Tanzania; and United States Virgin Islands. This has to be taken into account when interpreting the data.
Source: UIS, July 2013
www.uis.unesco.org
What are the national research densities? Researchers per million inhabitants, 2011 or latest available year: ECO member states
0–100 per million
101–300 per million
301–1000 per million
1001–2000 per million
Data not available
2001 per million and above
Note: Data in this map are based on FTE. However, figures in headcounts (HC) were considered for the following countries since the FTE figures were not available: Azerbaijan; Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. This has to be taken into account when interpreting the data.Source: UIS, July 2013
www.uis.unesco.org
The gender gap in science.Women as a share of total researchers, 2011 or latest available year
0%–30%
30.1%–45%
45.1%–55%
55.1%–70%
Data not available
70.1%–100%
Source: UIS, July 2013 Note: Data in this map are based on HC, except for Congo and India (based on FTE).
www.uis.unesco.org
The gender gap in science.Women as a share of total researchers, 2011 or latest available year: ECO member states
Source: UIS, July 2013
0%–30%
30.1%–45%
45.1%–55%
55.1%–70%
Data not available
70.1%–100%
Note: Data in this map are based on HC.
www.uis.unesco.org
Gender gap in research career? Proportion of women and men graduates in tertiary education and those employed as researchers, 2011
Source: UIS, July 2013
www.uis.unesco.org
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD), ECO member states, 2011 or last available year
Country YearGERD ('000) – Local
currency GERD - PPP$ ('000)GERD – as % of
GDP
Afghanistan … … … …
Azerbaijan 2011 109,810 202,419 0.22
Iran 2008 25,133,000,000 6,432,192 0.79
Kazakhstan 2011 433,516,000 341,045 0.16
Kyrgyzstan 2011 447,100 20,708 0.16
Pakistan 2011 60,161,274 1,618,512 0.33
Tajikistan 2011 36,530 19,701 0.12
Turkey 2010 9,267,590 9,713,370 0.84
Turkmenistan … … … …
Uzbekistan … … … …
Source: UIS, July 2013
www.uis.unesco.org
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) worldwide
Source: UIS, July 2013 Figures are in Purchasing Power Parity Dollars (PPP$)
www.uis.unesco.org
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) worldwide
Source: UIS, July 2013Figures are in Purchasing Power Parity Dollars (PPP$). Data for the USA are for 2008 instead of 2009.
www.uis.unesco.org
Where are R&D investments made?Shares of world R&D expenditure (GERD) by principal regions, 2002, 2007 and 2009 (%)
Source: UIS, July 2013
www.uis.unesco.org
World’s top 10 leaders in R&D investmentGERD (‘000 PPP$), 2011 or latest available year
Source: UIS, July 2013 Note: -1 = 2010, -4= 2007
www.uis.unesco.org
A snap-shot of R&D intensity.Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP, 2011 or latest available year
0.00%–0.25%
0.26%–0.50%
0.51%–1.00%
1.01%–2.00%
Data not available
2.01% and above
Source: UIS, July 2013
www.uis.unesco.org
A snap-shot of R&D intensity.Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP, 2011 or latest available year: ECO member states
Source: UIS, July 2013
0.00%–0.25%
0.26%–0.50%
0.51%–1.00%
1.01%–2.00%
Data not available
2.01% and above
www.uis.unesco.org
R&D intensity (GERD as a % of GDP) by principal regions, 1990 – 2009
Sources: For 1990 – 2000, UIS estimates, 2004. For 2002 -2009, UIS estimates, October 2012.
www.uis.unesco.org
A breakdown of R&D investment in the Americas.GERD by sector of performance, 2011 or latest available year
Source: UIS, July 2013 Note: -1 = 2010, -2 = 2009, -3 = 2008, -7 = 2004, -9 = 2002.
www.uis.unesco.org
A breakdown of R&D investment in Europe.GERD by sector of performance, 2011 or latest available year
Source: UIS, July 2013 Note: -1 = 2010, -2 = 2009, -3=2008, -4=2007
www.uis.unesco.org
A breakdown of R&D investment in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. GERD by sector of performance, 2011 or latest available year
Source: UIS, July 2013 Note: -1=2010, -2 = 2009, -3 = 2008, -4 = 2007, -6 = 2005, -7 = 2004, -9 = 2002, -10=2001.
www.uis.unesco.org
Funding in the Americas.GERD by source of funds, 2011 or latest available year
Source: UIS, July 2013 Notes: +1 = 2008, -2 = 2005, -3 = 2004, -5 = 2002.
www.uis.unesco.org
Funding in Europe.GERD by source of funds, 2011 or latest available year
Source: UIS, July 2013 Note: +1 = 2012, -1 = 2010, -2 = 2009, -3 = 2008, -6= 2005, -9 = 2002.
www.uis.unesco.org
Funding in Africa, Asia and the Pacific.GERD by source of funds, 2011 or latest available year
Source: UIS, July 2013 Note: -1 = 2010, -2 = 2009, -3 = 2008, -4 = 2007, -7 = 2004, -8 = 2003, -9 = 2002, -10 = 2001 .
www.uis.unesco.org
1.2 Innovation Statistics
Will be presented in the next presentation
www.uis.unesco.org
2. Capacity building: STI statistics workshops
Increase the number of countries regularly producing quality S&T indicators.
Create local capacities and establish sustainable local S&T statistics systems.
Promote the use of S&T indicators for evidence-based S&T policy making.
Share experiences with other developing countries and address problems.
Gain knowledge about the particular characteristics of S&T statistics data.
Demonstrate good practices in other countries of the region.
www.uis.unesco.org
UIS STI Statistics regional workshops
2005: Uganda, India
2006: Indonesia, Senegal, Kazakhstan
2007: Tunisia, FYR of Macedonia, Jordan, Russia, Cameroon
2008: Oman, Cambodia, Botswana
2009: Kenya, Egypt
2010: Mali, Syria, Jordan*, Uzbekistan, Ethiopia*, Nepal
2011: Grenada, Gabon, Azerbaijan*, Vietnam
2012: Qatar, UAE*, Cape Town, Vietnam*
2013: Tehran
But also contributing to similar workshops of partner organisations (e.g. RICYT, NEPAD, other partner orgs).
* National workshops
www.uis.unesco.org
Countries that have participated in UNESCO STI statistics workshops 2005-2013
Countries and territories not yet covered
Countries and territories not targeted
Countries and territories covered
www.uis.unesco.org
Results of workshops
Increased response rate – non-responding countries learn how to do it from UIS and neighbours.
Immediate problems solved.
Increased data quality – improved understanding of application of international standards.
Face to face contacts = more effective networking.
Inputs to UIS programme development.
www.uis.unesco.org
3. Standard setting/methodological developments
Measuring R&D in Developing Countries: Technical Guide and Annex to the Frascati Manual (2010)
Annex to the Oslo Manual
OECD/UIS/Eurostat Careers of Doctorate Holders survey
Technical Paper on the Conduct of an R&D survey (in preparation)
Revision of the concept of Scientific and Technological Activities (in preparation)
Country-level technical assistance on R&D and innovation surveys
www.uis.unesco.org
Current / Future methodological work
Reviewing the concepts on Science and Technology Activities (STA): 2011-2013
Guide for the conduct of an R&D Surveys in Developing Countries: 2012-2013
Guide to Innovation Surveys in Developing Countries: 201?
www.uis.unesco.org
4. Some publications
Data publicly available at: http://www.uis.unesco.orghttp://stats.uis.unesco.org/
http://www.uis.unesco.org/ScienceTechnology/Pages/default.aspx
http://www.uis.unesco.org/ScienceTechnology/Pages/sti-innovation-pilot-data-release.aspx
UIS Fact Sheets
UNESCO Science Report 2010
R&D eAtlas: http://www.uis.unesco.org/data/atlas-research-development/en
www.uis.unesco.org
Collaborations / Partnerships
UNESCO HQs
World Bank
Eurostat
AU-NEPAD
ADB
ATPS
IDB
EU-Medibtikar
IDRC (Canada)
IRD (France)
UNESCO offices worldwide
OECD
RICYT (Latin America)
ALECSO
Arab Academy of Science
ISESCO
Inter-Academy Council
INRS (Quebec, Canada)
ASEAN Centre for Social Innovation (ZSI),
Austria
ECO
www.uis.unesco.org
Way forward
There is still a lot to do!
UIS needs to keep direct contact with statisticians: Quality and relevance.
Countries to establish sustainable S&T statistics systems, involving line ministries (S&T Ministries or Research Councils) and National Statistical Offices.
Looking forward to further cooperation.
