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www.unido.org/statistics
A New Industrial Statistical Database of UNIDO for Structural Analysis
Shyam UpadhyayaChief Statistician, UNIDO
S. Upadhyaya - INDSTAT22
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Outline of the presentation
UNIDO statistical activities
Data dissemination and statistical products
INDSTAT2 database for structural analysis
Limitation of the database
S. Upadhyaya - INDSTAT23
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UNIDO statistical activities
Collection, compilation and worldwide dissemination of industrial statistics as per mandate of UN Statistics Commission
Support to UNIDO research programmes with timely, reliable and internationally comparable statistics
Contribution to international statistics community in development of statistical methodology and international standard settings
Technical assistance programme for developing countries for capacity building in the field of industrial statistics
External data
request
In-house data
request
Request for development
projects
Inter-agency cooperation
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Data preparation and dissemination
Transformation of national data to an international statistical productQuality assurance in terms of relevance, completeness, timeliness and, above all, international comparability
Dissemination:1. Publication of the International Yearbook of Industrial
Statistics2. CD products – INDSTAT4, INDSTAT2 and IDSB
3. Statistical country brief – online data portal www.unido.org/ statistics
S. Upadhyaya - INDSTAT25
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Relevance of INDSTAT2 database
Many countries adopted later version of ISIC Earlier product INDSTAT3 was discontinued due to sharp decrease of the number of countries reporting data by ISIC rev-2
Different classification versions for different years – comparability problem in historical data series
INDSTAT4 presents data by ISIC rev-2 and rev-3 but users found it difficult for comparison in longer time-series
A compromised approach – Detail data for recent years (INDSTAT4) and aggregated data for longer series
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Some data on INDSTAT2 database
Number of indicators: 8
Number of manufacturing sectors: 23 At 2-digit level of ISIC rev 3
Number of countries: 161
Period (2009 edition): 1963 to 2007
- updated every year
- coverage of period and data items varies by country
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Data use for structural analysis
Share of industry groups in total using different classifications of industries derived from ISIC
Agro-industrial sectors Resource based sectorsMedium-high and high technology sectors (MHT)ICT goods production sectors Industrial sectors by intensity of energy use: high, moderate, low
Analysis of sector shift by countries; intensity of structural change
Industrial growth analysis – relation of growth and structural change
S. Upadhyaya - INDSTAT28
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Share of agro-industrial sectors in total value added of manufacturing by years
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
In %
to to
tal
Republic of KoreaIndia
Tanzania
Source: UNIDO Statistics; INDSTAT2
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Share of MHT sectors in total value added of manufacturing by years
0.0
15.0
30.0
45.0
60.019
70
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
In %
to to
tal
India
Republic of Korea
Tanzania
Source: UNIDO Statistics; INDSTAT2
S. Upadhyaya - INDSTAT210
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Share of high-energy intensive sectors in total value added of manufacturing by years
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.019
80
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
In %
to to
tal
China India
US Japan
Source: UNIDO Statistics; INDSTAT2
S. Upadhyaya - INDSTAT211
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Index numbers of the production of motor vehicles in major economies
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
450.019
90
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Germany Japan
United States Republic of Korea
Source: UNIDO Statistics; INDSTAT2
S. Upadhyaya - INDSTAT212
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Average annual wages per employee in manufacturing sector of Eastern European and CIS countries
(Reference period varies between 2005 – 07)
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Slovenia
Croatia
Czech Republic
Hungary
Estonia
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Latvia
Romania
Russian Federation
Albania
Ukraine
Bulgaria
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Georgia
Azerbaijan
Republic of Moldova
Armenia
Nominal rate in US$Source: UNIDO Statistics; INDSTAT2
S. Upadhyaya - INDSTAT213
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Some commonly used coefficients for structural change
Coefficient of absolute structural change – ranges from 0 to 2/n
n
ssxd
n
i
xii
x
abs
1
01
)(
Integral coefficient of structural changeranges from 0 to 1
2
01
201
int
1
ii
ii
ss
ss
nd
)1(
61
2
2
nn
dsSpearman coefficient of rank
correlation ranges from -1 to 1
(higher the correlation lower the structural change)
n
ssC ii
d ln
ln
Coefficient of diversification
ranges from 0 to 1
Notations: si – share of i-th sector in total
d – difference of the value of two periods:
0 base and 1 current period
n – number of observations
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Limitations of INDSTAT database
Value data in INDSTAT2 are presented in current prices, both in national currency and US$ using nominal exchange rate, so they cannot be used in time series analysis without deflating
Due to the difference of computation method value added may differ from the figures used in national account estimates (census concept, cut-off point in survey, valuation difference etc)
Data at 2-digit level are compiled from the earlier database of INDSTAT at 3 and 4-digit level of ISIC. This process involved aggregation, combination, imputation, estimations and so on which may have resulted in deviation of data from the source in varying scales
S. Upadhyaya - INDSTAT215
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Concluding remarks
Despite its limitations INDSTAT2 is a unique statistical product, especially for structural analysis
Its coverage in terms of the number of countries and time-span offers a wide range of options for economic research
The database provides excellent opportunity to university students not only for investigative works but also to test their own skills of using various statistical methods of data handling, such as treatment with missing data, detecting inconsistent and dubious figures, imputation and preparation of data for analysis
Open interaction with users provides the best feedback to quality assurance of statistics produced.
S. Upadhyaya - INDSTAT216
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Further information on INDSTAT2 is available in
www.unido.org/statistics
Contact address: [email protected]