WYTRANS 2011Safety Through Awareness

WOHS / DHS

OBJECTIVES Understand the current threat Recognize potential indicators Safety Action Plans Reasonable responses Insure the safety of operators and passengers

WHAT IS IT? Is it Terrorism?

What is Terrorism?

How does it differ from Criminal Acts?

THREAT AWARENESS Incidents Targeting Transportation

Pre-dates 9/11 200 attacks from 1997-2000

Historical Incidents and Practices Rail, aviation, bus, maritime

Nationally Aviation, Rail, Mass transit

Most Terrorism In U.S. Remains Issue-Oriented

176 attacks , including the four 9/11 attacks; of the 172 remaining attacks

Only 1 transportation attack: 4/7/2008 sabotage of a freight rail car in Kansas City; eco-terrorists suspected.

The attacks break down roughly like this: 36% against abortion institutions by individuals or extreme anti-

abortion groups 28% against businesses and other targets by unknown individuals.

There was an increase in “unknown” neo-Nazi and white supremacist attacks in 2008 against African American and Jewish institutions.

21% against institutions by the Earth Liberation Front 14% against institutions by the Animal Liberation Front 3 attacks by KKK and 1 by the Republic of Texas

Note: McVeigh targeted US agencies and their employees; other civilians were “acceptable collateral damage”

MTI Proprietary: No Publication without Attribution

TRANSIT BY THE NUMBERS Public surface transit is valuable, open target: 2,916 attacks

and 7,212 deaths since 1970. Since 9/12, 1,728 attacks have killed 3,729 people while 75 air attacks have killed only 157

Public surface transit hit most where it is used the most. 71% of attacks cause no causalities. They fail or are

designed to only disrupt. Average median lethality is low. But Jihadist attacks are far more lethal than others, a

disturbing

development. 25 million children ride a school bus every day. Buses are attacked more but train attacks are more lethal.

February 8, 2011MTI Proprietary: No Publication without

Attribution

POINTS TO PONDER Explosives dominate but are often not most lethal:

Enclosed spaces that contain blast effects increase lethality. Single bombs dominate: Multiple devices can but don’t always increase

lethality. Some multiple devices are aimed at responders.

Suicide delivery of bombs

Is more likely in bus targets and far more lethal in train targets.

Infrastructure attacks appear designed to disrupt.

Awareness counts: 16.2% of all bomb attacks stopped by the alert operators.

February 8, 2011MTI Proprietary: No Publication without

Attribution 7

WORKPLACE VIOLENCE School shootings- 1985 VA -WY lead early in Cokeville 1986 Gone “Postal” Incidental location

Passing or at their venue Domestic Violence Mental illness

VULNERABILITIES Predictability

Routes with published schedules Bus Barns and motor pools Bus stops Verified callers/ locations for pick up services Unattended vehicles Isolated areas

VULNERABILITIES Weather Visibility

-distance and darkness Cyclic Crowds Unmarked bags Driver to passenger ratios and special needs Traffic

BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS Expected Behaviors

Time of day, location Type of passenger Type of parcels and packages Other Traffic Drop off and pick up sites

SIGNS OF TERORISM Surveillance Elicitation Tests of security Funding Acquiring supplies Impersonation Rehearsal Deployment

ANOMALIES People

Passengers Non-passengersTraffic

Vehicles- parked or in motionPackages

IDENTIFYING THREATS People

On or off bus Places

Scheduled stops Requested pick ups Incidental to your route

Packages On or off bus

SAFETY ACTION PLANS What are they?

Part of planning to address Preventive practices Threats Incident Management Mitigation

THREATS How was the threat received

Called in Note or graffiti In person Driver recognized

Nature of the threatImminent or immediate

MITIGATION Prevention

Practices, GPS, two way communication Threats

- Validity or credibility Incidents

Agencies involved

INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Dealing with the threat Addressing the Incident Response from

-Police- Fire-Transportation agency

INCIDENT Continuity Plans (COOP) Contingency for passengers

On bus and waiting for the bus Type of delay (hours, weeks)

Interactions with Law Enforcement-Unknown threat/participants-You and your passengers

FOUND ITEMS At an office-

How did it get there? Package markings

On the bus or along the route Suspicious or unattended Identifiable Don’t touch

VBIED

SAFETY ACTION PLANS Who do you call? Who is involved? When should you notify someone? Do other employee’s know the plan? Do other agencies know your plan? How do you protect you? How do you care for your passengers?

SAFETY ACTION PLANS Implement the whole plan? Partial plan? Who has the ability to make the decisions? What are your limitations? Your responsibility? Your passenger’s role?

Summary People dictate the success of the outcome Have a plan and truly exercise it Involve all of your partners

Passengers as well as agencies

Follow safe practicesExercise reasonable security measures

Summary

QUESTIONS???

Bob Uhrich, TSA 307-995-3609