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By:
Hojjatollah Sarvari
Department of Electrical Engineering
Shiraz University, Shiraz-Iran
November-2008
X-Junction Polymeric Optical Switch
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INTRODUCTION
-- First X-DOS by Silberberg in 1987 with LiNbO3
-- Polymers have high thermo-optic coeffecient and low thermal
conductance
-- Important parameters of switches are:
Crosstalk
Transmision characteristic
Switching time
Bandwidth
Power consumption
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A NOVEL TYPE OF 2x2 DIGITAL OPTICAL SWITCH
REALIZED BY POLYMER WAVEGUIDE TECHNOLOGY
Norbert Keil, Huihai Yao, Crispin Zawadzki
22nd European Conference on Optical Communication - ECOC’96, Oslo
• PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate)
Refractive index is 1.5465
• θ<Δβ/Ɣ:
fundamental mode to waveguide with high n
first higher mode to waveguide with low n
• Β is difference propagation constants
• For θ=0.08 degree and λ=1.55um & λ=1.3um
Insensitive to wavelenght and polarization
With power consumption of 45mw
crosstalk is less than -25db
Switching time is less than 1ms
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A NOVEL TYPE OF 2x2 DIGITAL OPTICAL SWITCH
REALIZED BY POLYMER WAVEGUIDE TECHNOLOGY
Norbert Keil, Huihai Yao, Crispin Zawadzki
22nd European Conference on Optical Communication - ECOC’96, Oslo
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A NOVEL TYPE OF 2x2 DIGITAL OPTICAL SWITCH
REALIZED BY POLYMER WAVEGUIDE TECHNOLOGY
Norbert Keil, Huihai Yao, Crispin Zawadzki
22nd European Conference on Optical Communication - ECOC’96, Oslo
Pel-E2 = 65 mw
Pel-E2’ >45 mw
crosstalk < -25 dB
Pel-EI = 45 mw
Pel-E2’ >45 mw
crosstalk < -25 dB
Switching time is less than 1ms
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Asymmetric X-Junction Thermooptic Switches
Based on Fluorinated Polymer Waveguides
Min-Cheol Oh,Hyung-Jong Lee, Myung-Hyun Lee,Joo-Heon AhnIEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, VOL. 10, NO. 6, JUNE 1998
FPAE (fluorinated poly arylene ethers) as core
PFCB (Perfluorocyclobutane) as cladd
Crosstalk less than -20db
Switching power is 10mw
Insertion loss 4.5db
Risetime is 2ms
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A DIGITAL OPTICAL SWITCH (DOS) IN POLYMER USING
TRUNCATED-STRUCTURAL X-BRANCHES (TSXB)
M.K.Pandit,H.P.Chan,K.S.Chiang,S. Ghosh and A.K.DasMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 27, No. 4, November 20 2000
PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate)
Refractive index is 1.5465
Advantages of TSXB:
Decrease sensivity to Fabrication process
Usefull for Wide-angle applications
For Bandwidth : 145nm (1470-1615 nm)
include C & L bands:
Crosstalk < -18db
This structure with BCB(benzocyclobutene)
and A=0.7 degree
bandwidth is 230nm (1390-1620)
crosstalk less than -20 db
NXB
TSXB
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A DIGITAL OPTICAL SWITCH (DOS) IN POLYMER USING
TRUNCATED-STRUCTURAL X-BRANCHES (TSXB)
M.K.Pandit,H.P.Chan,K.S.Chiang,S. Ghosh and A.K.DasMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 27, No. 4, November 20 2000
Normal State Switched State
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A DIGITAL OPTICAL SWITCH (DOS) IN POLYMER USING
TRUNCATED-STRUCTURAL X-BRANCHES (TSXB)
M.K.Pandit,H.P.Chan,K.S.Chiang,S. Ghosh and A.K.DasMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 27, No. 4, November 20 2000
Normal State Switched State
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A DIGITAL OPTICAL SWITCH (DOS) IN POLYMER USING
TRUNCATED-STRUCTURAL X-BRANCHES (TSXB)
M.K.Pandit,H.P.Chan,K.S.Chiang,S. Ghosh and A.K.DasMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 27, No. 4, November 20 2000
λ=1.45um & crosstalk= -22db λ=1.55um & crosstalk=-18db
With D1=2.2um D2=3.15um minimum crosstalk shifts to λ=1550nm
Other work with BCB at 2002 yield:
crosstalk: -20db
bandwidth: 230nm (1390-1620nm)
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Polyimide-waveguide-based thermal optical switch using
total-internal-reflection effect
Jianyi Yang, Qingjun Zhou, and Ray T. Chen
Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 81, No. 16, 14 October 2002
Ultradel 9120 with n=1.535 as core
Ultradel 9020 with n=1.527 as cladd
At λ=1.55um crosstalk less than -28db
Independent of polarization
Switching time is 2ms
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Polyimide-waveguide-based thermal optical switch using
total-internal-reflection effect
Jianyi Yang, Qingjun Zhou, and Ray T. Chen
Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 81, No. 16, 14 October 2002
V=0 , cross state V>0 , bar state
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A Wide-Angle X-Junction Polymeric Thermooptic
Digital Switch With Low Crosstalk
Hau Ping Chan, Chi Kin Chow, and Alok K. Das
IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, VOL. 15, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2003
BCB(benzocyclobutene) with n=1.54 as
core
At λ=1.55um crosstalk less than -24db
rise time is 140us & fall time is 210us
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A Wide-Angle X-Junction Polymeric Thermooptic
Digital Switch With Low Crosstalk
Hau Ping Chan, Chi Kin Chow, and Alok K. Das
IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, VOL. 15, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2003
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Polarization-Independent All-Wave
Polymer-Based TIR Thermo-Optic SwitchXiaolong Wang, Brie Howley, Maggie Y. Chen, and Ray T. Chen
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 24, NO. 3, MARCH 2006
ZPU12-460 with n=1.46 as core
ZPU12-450 with n=1.45 as cladd
Dimension is reduced so power is
reduced to 25-26mw
risetime=1.5ms & falltime=2ms
Bandwidth=4200nm (.6-4.8um)
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Polarization-Independent All-Wave
Polymer-Based TIR Thermo-Optic SwitchXiaolong Wang, Brie Howley, Maggie Y. Chen, and Ray T. Chen
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 24, NO. 3, MARCH 2006
D & L & θ are three important parameters
1) D=50um & θ=4 degree
2) L=1400um & θ=4 degree
3) D=50um & L=1400um
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Polarization-Independent All-Wave
Polymer-Based TIR Thermo-Optic SwitchXiaolong Wang, Brie Howley, Maggie Y. Chen, and Ray T. Chen
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 24, NO. 3, MARCH 2006
risetime=1.5ms & falltime=2ms
Bandwidth=4200nm (.6-4.8um)
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Thanks for your attention !